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C I V I L - M I L I T A R Y F U S I O N C E N T R E

Mediterranean Review

In Focus 1North Africa 2Northeast Africa 4Horn of Africa 5

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INSIDE THIS ISSUE

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This document provides an overview of developments in the Mediterranean Basin and other regions of

interest from 0410 December, with hyperlinks to source material highlighted and underlined in the

text. For more information on the topics below or other issues pertaining to the region, please contact the

members of the Med Basin Team, or visit our website at www.cimicweb.org.

11 December 2012

In Focus: Tunisia Two Years Later: Rising Unemployment and Regional InequalitiesBy Samuel Lau

Nearly two years after Tunisian street vendor Mohamed Bouazizis self-immolation initiated th

Arab Spring revolution, Tunisia continues to face formidable social and economic challenges whic

threaten to stall progress in the countrys on-going democratic transition. In October 2011, durin

the first free electionssince Tunisia achieved independence in 1956, the moderate Islamist Ennahd

party won a plurality of seats in the Constituent Assembly, and subsequently formed a coalition gov

ernment with two runner-up parties, the Congress for the Republic and Ettakatol. During its electio

campaign, the Ennahda party made promises ranging from embracing civic freedoms to affecting a

economic turnaround, but it continues to struggle with many of the problems at the root of the upri

ing that ousted former President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali. Two of the most pressing challengesa

high unemployment and stark regional inequalities. While the government is aware of these issue

its perceived inaction and failure to achieve rapid progress has led to growing unrest and violenc

as unemployed youth, deprived inland populations and ultraconservative Salafists feel increasing

marginalised by the new government.

Following the revolution, unemployment across the country rose to 19% in 2011, an increase of 6%

from the previous year, while the figure rose to as high as 44%for recent university graduates. A

cording to Reuters, official statistics suggest that unemployment rate increases for those Tunisian

with higher education. Furthermore, 35% of the unemployed are college graduates. Ennahdaprom

isedto create 590,000 new jobs during its election campaign, as well as to reduce the unemploymen

rate to 8.5% by 2016 from the current 19%. Since taking office, the unemployment rate has onl

Continued on page

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North AfricaEray Basar eray.basar@cimicweb.org

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11 December 2012

AlgeriaAlgerian Minister of Religious Affairs and Endowments Abdullah Ghulamallah said Algerians are inviting clerics from Islamist ex-tremist groups in Yemen, Iran, Syria and Saudi Arabia to spread their ideologies in Algeria under the guise of tourism, reports Al

Monitor. Reportedly, the clerics preach in their hosts homes since they are banned by inspectors from holding any meetings in

mosques. Ghulamallah called on police to utilise any means necessary to prevent such meetings, and added that [i]nspectors ought

to focus on the Maliki sect [of Sunni Islam], which must prevail in Algeria and bind Algerians together. France has previously failed

to distract us from our religion and our sect, let alone these extremist preachers who do not wish any good for Algeria.

Algerian police arrested four smugglersnear the Moroccan border, seiz-

ing nineteen tonnes of Cannabis resin on 05 December, reports Agence

France-Presse (AFP). According to the local counter-narcotics squad,

the arrests were made on a farm only a few metres from Moroccan terri-

tory. Morocco is a major cannabis producer and exporter. Although the

border between the two countries has been closed since 1994, smugglers

continue to cross illegally. Algeria has seized about ninety tonnes of

cannabis at the Moroccan border since the beginning of the year.

The European Union (EU) adopted two cooperation programmes worth

EUR 45 million (USD 58.2 million) on 06 December to support Alge-

rias reform and modernisation, reports European Neighbourhood and

Partnership Instrument (ENPI). The programmes will support the diver-

sification of the economy, particularly the fisheries and aquaculture sec-

tor, and modernisation of public administration, which includes institu-

tional twinning with EU states.

EgyptAfter a turbulent week, President Mohammed Morsi cancelled select clauses of his Novemberpresidential decreeon 09 December,

reports Voice of America (VOA). Morsi annulled the substantial powers he had previously granted himself, but still intends to hold

the controversial nation-wide referendum on the draft constitution on 15 December. The National Salvation Front(NSF), the main

opposition coalition led by Mohamed El Baradei, called on Egyptians to vote no in the referendum, and has set conditions that

need to be met or else they have threatened to boycott the poll. The NSF has demanded full judicial supervision of the process, as

well as that international and local NGOs be allowed to monitor voting. Hundreds of protestors continued to gather around the presi-

dential palace, amid the tanks and barbed wire, which was installed by the military after earlier clashes between protestors and sup-

porters of the president left seven people dead. The Muslim Brotherhood pressed the opposition to support the upcoming referen-

dum. President Morsi ordered the military to ensure security and protectall state institutions during the week preceding the referen-

dum, reportsBBC. The military has been tasked to co-ordinate with police on upholding security and has been given the authority to

arrest civilians. The State Council has announced its conditional approval to supervise the referendum, as long as the clashes be-

tween protestors and police cease, and judges are able to work without threat. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human

Rights (UNHCR) Navi Pillay has voiced concern over the recent level of violenceand deaths of protestors in the country, informs

VOA. According to Pillay, the draft constitution weakens fundamental human rights and the resulting violence has occurred due to

the exclusion of large segments of Egypts society from the drafting process.

LibyaIn the southern town of Sabha, approximately 200 detainees escaped from prisonin a mass break on 04 December, reports AFP. A

former rebel in the 2011 revolution against Moammar Gaddafi, whose name was not disclosed, said that the [j]udiciary police, who

control the prison, facilitated the escape of the detainees, the majority of them common criminals. The prisoners reportedly included

supporters of the former leader. Suad Ganun, who represents Sabha in the national assembly, confirmed the escape of the prisoners

and said that [m]embers who represent southern cities have been boycotting the assemblys plenary sessions since Tuesday in pro-

test over deteriorating security in their region. Ganun accused Libyan authorities of failing to contain insecurity in the region.

Libyan weapons, including heavy arms such as mortars, rocket propelled grenades, anti -tank missiles and the controversial anti-

aircraft heat-seeking SA-7 missiles are being sent to Syrian rebelsby the United States, reportsBusiness Insider. The covert opera-

Source: The Economist

mailto:erin.foster@cimicweb.orghttp://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/culture/2012/12/algeria-warns-against-islamist-preachers.htmlhttp://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hWBXY3tzGgvXHpQ3aKkNnscdeEVg?docId=CNG.d9a6f0700db4ff8e4725cb97f72629b8.211http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hWBXY3tzGgvXHpQ3aKkNnscdeEVg?docId=CNG.d9a6f0700db4ff8e4725cb97f72629b8.211http://enpi-info.eu/mainmed.php?id=31413&id_type=1&lang_id=450http://enpi-info.eu/mainmed.php?id=31413&id_type=1&lang_id=450http://www.voanews.com/content/egypts-opposition-calls-for-protests-against-referendum/1561426.htmlhttp://www.voanews.com/content/egypts-opposition-calls-for-protests-against-referendum/1561426.htmlhttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/12/2012121294733861274.htmlhttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/12/2012121294733861274.htmlhttp://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/dec/9/morsi-rescinds-decrees-giving-him-unrestricted-pow/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/dec/9/morsi-rescinds-decrees-giving-him-unrestricted-pow/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/dec/9/morsi-rescinds-decrees-giving-him-unrestricted-pow/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20661758http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20661758http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=6954c52c-6ad1-4601-b6fc-250771de7451http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=6954c52c-6ad1-4601-b6fc-250771de7451http://www.voanews.com/content/egypt-human-rights-constitution/1560960.htmlhttp://www.voanews.com/content/egypt-human-rights-constitution/1560960.htmlhttp://gulfnews.com/news/region/libya/hundreds-of-prisoners-flee-libya-jail-1.1115080http://gulfnews.com/news/region/libya/hundreds-of-prisoners-flee-libya-jail-1.1115080http://www.businessinsider.com/obama-admin-admits-to-covertly-sending-heavy-weapons-to-syrian-rebels-2012-12http://www.businessinsider.com/obama-admin-admits-to-covertly-sending-heavy-weapons-to-syrian-rebels-2012-12http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/National/article1173125.ecehttp://www.economist.com/node/16219845http://www.economist.com/node/16219845http://www.economist.com/node/16219845http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/National/article1173125.ecehttp://www.businessinsider.com/obama-admin-admits-to-covertly-sending-heavy-weapons-to-syrian-rebels-2012-12http://gulfnews.com/news/region/libya/hundreds-of-prisoners-flee-libya-jail-1.1115080http://www.voanews.com/content/egypt-human-rights-constitution/1560960.htmlhttp://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=6954c52c-6ad1-4601-b6fc-250771de7451http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20661758http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/dec/9/morsi-rescinds-decrees-giving-him-unrestricted-pow/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/dec/9/morsi-rescinds-decrees-giving-him-unrestricted-pow/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/12/2012121294733861274.htmlhttp://www.voanews.com/content/egypts-opposition-calls-for-protests-against-referendum/1561426.htmlhttp://enpi-info.eu/mainmed.php?id=31413&id_type=1&lang_id=450http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hWBXY3tzGgvXHpQ3aKkNnscdeEVg?docId=CNG.d9a6f0700db4ff8e4725cb97f72629b8.211http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/culture/2012/12/algeria-warns-against-islamist-preachers.htmlmailto:erin.foster@cimicweb.org

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Have a question on North Africa?Submit an RFI or recommend a topic for future In Focus coverage.

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tion, an effort to aid the rebels in their fight against Syrian leader Bashar al Assad, was originally reported by Sunday Times on 09

December. (see 11 DecemberCFC Complex Coverage Review for further details).

MoroccoAlthough the Moroccan monarchy implemented constitutional reforms and deferred some of its power over political, economic and

security affairs to the elected government, the governments authority is not sufficient to improve the worsening public financesof

the country, reports Reuters. The worsening economy is contributing to increasingly frequent demonstrations . To avoid further pub-

lic protests, the government has approached the International Monetary Funds (IMF) demands, such as cutting the large subsidies

on staple goods, with reluctance and has sought alternative forms of revenue generation. The economic crisis in Europe, Moroccos

main trade partner, and the increasing trade deficit, which is 10% higher than last year, further deteriorates the situation. While theIMF continues to urge authorities to reform the subsidy system, the Moroccan government will issue USD one billion in government

bonds for a ten year term to increase its cash flow in the short-term. The government is also relying on loans from Gulf states to fi-

nance its deficit in coming years, while reducing subsidies and maintaining the investors confidence in the bond.

TunisiaFollowing the suspension of a week-long general strike by Tunisias main labour union, supporters of the ruling Islamist party En-

nahda attackedmembers of the union on 04 December, reports the Associated Press (AP). The members of the General Union of

Tunisian Workers (UGTT) had gathered to commemorate a historic member when the League for Protection of the Revolution at-

tacked the union members, wounding ten people. Fathi Abaza, a union member, said that [t]hese are militias used by the ruling

party as their armed wing, referring to the league, a group considered to be close to the Ennahda party. Union head Hocine Abbasi

said at an interview that the door to confrontation is now open. They wanted this and no one will stop the (union) from defending

the social, economic and even political situation. In related news, the opposition parties of Tunisia are seeking a vote of no confi-

dence against the current government in the National Constituent Assembly, due to the events of the past week, reports Ahram

Online. In order to open the way to the bid for no confidence, the opposition parties will issue a formal note of objection due to the

ruling coalitions failure to address nations needs and properly handle the resulting violence.

Tunisian President Moncef Marzouki voiced concerns about unsecured Libyan weapons and denounced arms traffickingin North

Africa in an interview that appeared in The World Today magazine, edited by the think tank Chatham House, reportsAFP. Marzouki

said that the weapons accumulated by the former Libyan leader Moammar Gaddafi are now in the hands not only of Islamists from

Libya, but also from Algeria and Tunisia and added that [t]he danger now is that all these guys will go to Mali and train and make

a holy war like in Afghanistan, and then they will come back to Tunisia. Our main foreign policy challenge for the next three years

is to restore order to Mali.

Four gunmen fired upon a guard patrol in Kasserine,

Tunisia, close to the Algerian border on 10 December,

wounding one guardsman who later died in hospital,

reportsAP. The attackers came to Tunisia from Algeriaand were identified as Islamists by the local media. On

08 December, two Tunisians were arrested near the

Algerian border while carrying explosives and auto-

matic weapons.

Source: Invest in Tunisia

mailto:mediterranean@cimicweb.org?subject=recommended%20report%20topicmailto:mediterranean@cimicweb.org?subject=recommended%20report%20topichttp://www.cimicweb.org/http://www.cimicweb.org/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/National/article1173125.ecehttp://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/National/article1173125.ecehttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/ComplexCoverage/Documents/Weekly%20Newsletter/nCC013%20CFC%20Complex%20Coverage%20Review%20(11-Dec-12).pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/ComplexCoverage/Documents/Weekly%20Newsletter/nCC013%20CFC%20Complex%20Coverage%20Review%20(11-Dec-12).pdfhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/05/morocco-budget-idUSL5E8N3G4R20121205http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/05/morocco-budget-idUSL5E8N3G4R20121205http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/pro-government-activists-attack-tunisia-union-17874934#.UMYA0oNQWv9http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/pro-government-activists-attack-tunisia-union-17874934#.UMYA0oNQWv9http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/59747/World/Region/Tunisia-opposition-seeks-noconfidence-vote-against.aspxhttp://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/59747/World/Region/Tunisia-opposition-seeks-noconfidence-vote-against.aspxhttp://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/59747/World/Region/Tunisia-opposition-seeks-noconfidence-vote-against.aspxhttp://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j2k1yRKUXQsZYWq1X6rp5zbCUN8w?docId=CNG.e8a707882c5ccf62af9dd51aaaea6fad.411http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j2k1yRKUXQsZYWq1X6rp5zbCUN8w?docId=CNG.e8a707882c5ccf62af9dd51aaaea6fad.411http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/report-gunmen-kill-tunisian-soldier-algeria-17926136#.UMZD0YNQWv8http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/report-gunmen-kill-tunisian-soldier-algeria-17926136#.UMZD0YNQWv8http://www.investintunisia.tn/site/en/article.php?id_article=726http://www.investintunisia.tn/site/en/article.php?id_article=726http://www.investintunisia.tn/site/en/article.php?id_article=726http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/report-gunmen-kill-tunisian-soldier-algeria-17926136#.UMZD0YNQWv8http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j2k1yRKUXQsZYWq1X6rp5zbCUN8w?docId=CNG.e8a707882c5ccf62af9dd51aaaea6fad.411http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/59747/World/Region/Tunisia-opposition-seeks-noconfidence-vote-against.aspxhttp://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/59747/World/Region/Tunisia-opposition-seeks-noconfidence-vote-against.aspxhttp://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/pro-government-activists-attack-tunisia-union-17874934#.UMYA0oNQWv9http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/05/morocco-budget-idUSL5E8N3G4R20121205https://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/ComplexCoverage/Documents/Weekly%20Newsletter/nCC013%20CFC%20Complex%20Coverage%20Review%20(11-Dec-12).pdfhttp://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/National/article1173125.ecehttp://www.cimicweb.org/mailto:mediterranean@cimicweb.org?subject=recommended%20report%20topic

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Northeast AfricaAngelia Sanders angelia.sanders@cimicweb.org

South Sudan

The South Sudanese army (SPLA) opened fireon protesters, killing at least ten, in the Western Bar el Ghazal state capital Wao on 08

and 09 December, reports al Jazeera. According to the report, the demonstrators were angry at officials for moving the seat of local

authority outside of the state capital to a nearby smaller settlement of Bagare. UN peacekeepers have been shuttling between demon-

strators and the army in efforts to calm both sides.

A leading political commentator, Isaiah Ding Abraham Chan Awuol, was shot deadby unknown gunmen in his house on 04 Decem-

ber, reports Sudan Tribune. The UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has condemned the assassination. Isaiah Abraham reported-

ly alerted his relatives and friends that he was being threatened by security personnel who warned him to stop criticising the govern-

ment and leadership. South Sudan President Salva Kiir ordered security services to conducta thorough investigation into his death.

Many government officials have condemned the killing. In other press related news, South Sudan police detained and beat three jour-

nalistsfrom the Gurtongwebsite on 07 December for failing to allow police officers to delete photos taken by the journalists, reports

Sudan Tribune; Awuol was a contributing writer for the same Gurtong website prior to his assassination

South Sudan has dismissed kidnapping chargesagainst an American and an Iraqi due to lack of evidence, reports Bloomberg. The

two were detained on 14 October and accused of attempting to kidnap an Indian businessman. The US said that it was deeply con-cerned about the arbitrary detention of people in South Sudan.

The head of the disarmament process in Jonglei state, Lt. Gen. Kuol Diem Kuol, stated that the army is planningto launch aggres-

sive attacks against a rebel group headed by David Yau Yau, reports Sudan Tribune. South Sudan claims Sudan is backing the rebel

group, which Khartoum denies. Members of the East African Community (EAC) have deferreda decision to admit South Sudan into

the regional body possibly due to its periodic conflict with Sudan, reports Sudan Tribune. The country sought entry into the five-

member regional entity, following South Sudans independence in July 2011,

SudanNearly 700 Sudanese called for revolution on 10 December during the second day ofprotestsin support of four studentskilled

during earlier peaceful tuition protests, reports Agence France-Presse (AFP). Official radio reports claim 47 people were detained on

09 December; on day two police responded with tear gas and baton beatings. The protests are the largest outpouring of Arab Spring

-style discontent since earlier protests in June and July. Human Rights Watch (HRW) has called on the government to immediately

investigatethe deaths of the fourstudentswhose bodies were later found in a canal. The group further stated that some of those ar-

rested on 09 and 10 December included lawyers and high profile opposition party members.

The Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM) rebel group, the only group to have signed a peace deal with the Sudanese government,

accused the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) of launching deadly attacksagainst the group, reportsAFP. These are the first SAF-LJM

clashes reported this year, adding to concerns raised by the African Union -UN Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) about worsening vio-

lence in parts of Darfur. The government claims that the attacks were directed at members of the Revolutionary Front, an alliance of

various Sudanese rebel groups. LJM has threatened to withdraw commitment to the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur (DDPD)

which it signed in July 2011, reports Sudan Tribune. Also in Darfur, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that as of 04

December there were a total of 732 suspected cases of yellow fever, including 165 deaths. The yellow feverepidemic in Darfur is

Africas worst in decades and could now definitely be classed as the largest outbreak since at least 1990, reports Radio

Dabanga. WHO stated there is no effective treatment for the haemorrhagic fever, and that fighting and banditry makes it difficult

to gain access to parts of Darfur to provide health service. Central Darfur is reportedly the most affected state and the Minister of

Health of Central Darfur, Issa Mohamed Moussa Ahmed, has admitted that there is a shortage of yellow fever vaccination cardssince the vaccine campaign began.

Sudans annual inflation rate rose to 64.5% in November, driven by an increase in prices of food such as meat and sugar, reports

Reuters. Prices have dramatically risen in Sudan since South Sudan became independent in 2011, seizing three-quarters of the coun-

trys oil output and thereby decreasing Sudans main source of foreign currency which Sudan needs to pay for food and other im-

ports.

Sudan and South Sudan Border IssuesSudan and South Sudan failed to meet an African Union (AU) deadline of 05 December to reach an agreement on the contested

Abyei region, reportsAFP. The region is one of the most contentious outstanding issues between the two countries since South Su-

dan won its independence. The mediators for the negotiations, the AU High Level Implementation Panel, have yet to set a date for a

resumption of talks.

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mailto:erin.foster@cimicweb.orghttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/12/201212913437908429.htmlhttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/12/201212913437908429.htmlhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44775http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44775http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44767http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44767http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44771http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44771http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44771http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-07/south-sudan-drops-kidnapping-charge-against-american-and-iraqi.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-07/south-sudan-drops-kidnapping-charge-against-american-and-iraqi.htmlhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44772http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44772http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44743http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44743http://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/hundreds-sudanese-protest-call-revolutionhttp://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/hundreds-sudanese-protest-call-revolutionhttp://www.voanews.com/content/in-sudan-protesters-for-revolution/1562051.htmlhttp://www.voanews.com/content/in-sudan-protesters-for-revolution/1562051.htmlhttp://www.hrw.org/news/2012/12/10/sudan-justice-needed-student-deathshttp://www.hrw.org/news/2012/12/10/sudan-justice-needed-student-deathshttp://www.voanews.com/content/in-sudan-protesters-for-revolution/1562051.htmlhttp://www.voanews.com/content/in-sudan-protesters-for-revolution/1562051.htmlhttp://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-troops-attacked-despite-peace-deal-darfur-rebel-bosshttp://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-troops-attacked-despite-peace-deal-darfur-rebel-bosshttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44770http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44770http://www.who.int/csr/don/2012_12_06/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2012_12_06/en/index.htmlhttp://www.radiodabanga.org/node/39406http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/39406http://news.yahoo.com/sudan-inflation-hits-46-5-pct-november-food-122146203--business.html;_ylt=AlKXJ.9NtnoTboyy55SUKCFtzwcF;_ylu=X3oDMTVxYm9xMzdsBGNjb2RlA2dtcHRvcDEwMDBwb29sd2lraXVwcmVzdARtaXQDQXJ0aWNsZSBNaXhlZCBMaXN0IE5ld3MgZm9yIFlvdSB3aXRoIE1vcmUgTGluawRwahttp://news.yahoo.com/sudan-inflation-hits-46-5-pct-november-food-122146203--business.html;_ylt=AlKXJ.9NtnoTboyy55SUKCFtzwcF;_ylu=X3oDMTVxYm9xMzdsBGNjb2RlA2dtcHRvcDEwMDBwb29sd2lraXVwcmVzdARtaXQDQXJ0aWNsZSBNaXhlZCBMaXN0IE5ld3MgZm9yIFlvdSB3aXRoIE1vcmUgTGluawRwahttp://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-ssudan-miss-au-deadline-resolve-abyeihttp://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-ssudan-miss-au-deadline-resolve-abyeihttp://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-ssudan-miss-au-deadline-resolve-abyeihttp://news.yahoo.com/sudan-inflation-hits-46-5-pct-november-food-122146203--business.html;_ylt=AlKXJ.9NtnoTboyy55SUKCFtzwcF;_ylu=X3oDMTVxYm9xMzdsBGNjb2RlA2dtcHRvcDEwMDBwb29sd2lraXVwcmVzdARtaXQDQXJ0aWNsZSBNaXhlZCBMaXN0IE5ld3MgZm9yIFlvdSB3aXRoIE1vcmUgTGluawRwahttp://www.radiodabanga.org/node/39406http://www.who.int/csr/don/2012_12_06/en/index.htmlhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44770http://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-troops-attacked-despite-peace-deal-darfur-rebel-bosshttp://www.voanews.com/content/in-sudan-protesters-for-revolution/1562051.htmlhttp://www.hrw.org/news/2012/12/10/sudan-justice-needed-student-deathshttp://www.voanews.com/content/in-sudan-protesters-for-revolution/1562051.htmlhttp://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/hundreds-sudanese-protest-call-revolutionhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44743http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44772http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-07/south-sudan-drops-kidnapping-charge-against-american-and-iraqi.htmlhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44771http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44771http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44767http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44775http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/12/201212913437908429.htmlmailto:erin.foster@cimicweb.org

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C I V I L - M I L I T A R Y F U S I O N C E N T R E P R E S E N T S

Horn of AfricaTrista Guertin trista.guertin@cimicweb.org

11 December 2012

KenyaA blast outside a mosque in Nairobion 07 December killed three people and wounded eight others, including a Member of Parlia-ment, reports the Standard. The incident is the latest in a string of bombings in the mainly ethnic Somali neighbourhood of East-

leigh in the capital city during the past month. An earlier blast on 05 December killed one personand wounded seven, reportsBBC.

In response to the latest bombing incident, youth claiming to want to eradicate terrorists from the area launched protests, which in-

cluded barricading roads with burning tires. Security officers intervened to disband the group.

Kofi Annan, former UN secretary general and current African Union envoy overseeing the Kenyan election, urged Kenyans not to

vote for politicians charged with crimes against humanityby the International Criminal Court (ICC), informsBBC. Two candidates,

Uhuru Kenyatta and William Ruto, are scheduled to go on trial at the ICC in April 2013 for their alleged roles in post -election vio-

lence in 2007 which killed 1,200 people. They have formed an alliance to run together for president and vice -president in the March

2013 elections, and have denied any involvement in the 2007 violence.

A new report by the World Bank states that resources diverted by corruption in Kenyaequate to 250,000 potential new jobs lost in

the country each year, reports Daily Nation. The World Bank found that companies pay approximately 12% of the value of their

government contracts and 4% of the value of their sales in bribes. The World Bank estimates that at least USD 419 billion and an-

other USD 803 billion is paid each year in bribes, making Kenya one of the most renowned countries in the world for business -

related corruption. The result is a significant loss of resources that could go towards job creation in a country where only 50,000 out

of 800,000 new graduates are able to find employment each year. In related news, the African Development Bank (AfDB) signed

two loan agreementswith the government of Kenya on 06 December for a total of USD 158 million. The loans will fund the con-

struction of an electricity highway between Ethiopia and Kenya, and enhance engineering programmes at six national universities.

EthiopiaEthiopias Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn has confirmed that he would meet directly with Eritrea to resolve the protracted

disputeconcerning their shared border, reports Sudan Tribune. The two east African countries were at war from 2000 2002 which

resulted in 70,000 lives lost. If Desalegn meets with President Isaias Afeworki, it will be the first meeting between heads of state

from the two countries since the war ended.

The non-governmental organisation (NGO) Danish Refugee Council (DRC) reports that the needs of Somali refugeesin Ethiopia

are substantial and more aid is required as Somalis continue to arrive daily at the Dolo Ado refugee complex. DRC has provided

emergency shelter and aid to those fleeing war, drought and famine in Somalia, but the director for DRC in the country, Michael

Adams, stated: We still see immense needs of people struggling to manage everyday life in the Dolo Ado settlements in Ethiopia.

Shelter, access to safe drinking water, sanitation and simple ways to support alternative livelihoods for people in Dolo Ado these

are still significant needs and should remain key priorities to aid agencies, governments and international donors. Dolo Ado is the

worlds second largest refugee complex, and the fastest growing settlement for refugees in the region.

SomaliaA clash between al Shabaab and security forces in the semi-autonomous region ofPuntlandon 05 December killed or wounded 31

people, informs BBC. The militants attacked a military base and installed a roadside bomb which was detonated as a truck carrying

soldiers passed. The Islamic militants recently moved into Puntland after losing their strongholds in the south of the country. The

Puntland government stated that security forces were pursuing the militants into the Galagalo mountain range. Al Shabaab has also

carried out a number of ambushes in southern Somalia over the past week, including an attack on 04 December on an army baseclose to the town of Jowhar, which is one of the militants last urban strongholds, and on 03 December, a convoy carrying three

government ministers was ambushed close to the port city of Merca.

Somalia signed the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention on 07 December, making a commitment to destroy all stockpiles of

landmines during the next four years, and to demine the country within ten years. Somalia is the 160 th country to sign the conven-

tion. The Somali government has additionally agreed to provide support to landmine survivors and refrain from using, producing or

transferring anti-personnel mines. The United Nations launched a USD 1.3 billionappeal to fund 369 humanitarian projects in So-

malia over the next three years, reports The Guardian. With an estimated 3.8 million people in need of urgent humanitarian assis-

tance, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and the United Nations Childrens Fund

(UNICEF) will coordinate efforts alongside national and international NGOs, to facilitate Somalias transition to becoming a self-

sufficient country.

mailto:britta.rinehard@cimicweb.orgmailto:britta.rinehard@cimicweb.orghttp://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000072349&story_title=Kenya-Nairobi-blast-injures-10http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000072349&story_title=Kenya-Nairobi-blast-injures-10http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20617516http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20617516http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20602232http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20602232http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Letters/-/440806/1638088/-/cj6ue2/-/index.htmlhttp://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Letters/-/440806/1638088/-/cj6ue2/-/index.htmlhttp://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=79345http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=79345http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44763http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44763http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44763http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/emergency-shelter-for-somali-refugees-in-ethiopiahttp://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/emergency-shelter-for-somali-refugees-in-ethiopiahttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20614050http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20614050http://www.unops.org/english/whatwedo/news/Pages/Somalia-commits-to-a-future-clear-of-landmines.aspxhttp://www.unops.org/english/whatwedo/news/Pages/Somalia-commits-to-a-future-clear-of-landmines.aspxhttp://www.unops.org/english/whatwedo/news/Pages/Somalia-commits-to-a-future-clear-of-landmines.aspxhttp://www.unops.org/english/whatwedo/news/Pages/Somalia-commits-to-a-future-clear-of-landmines.aspxhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/dec/07/somalia-journey-disaster-resilience-developmenthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/dec/07/somalia-journey-disaster-resilience-developmenthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/dec/07/somalia-journey-disaster-resilience-developmenthttp://www.unops.org/english/whatwedo/news/Pages/Somalia-commits-to-a-future-clear-of-landmines.aspxhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20614050http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/emergency-shelter-for-somali-refugees-in-ethiopiahttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44763http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44763http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=79345http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Letters/-/440806/1638088/-/cj6ue2/-/index.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20602232http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20617516http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000072349&story_title=Kenya-Nairobi-blast-injures-10mailto:britta.rinehard@cimicweb.org

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11 December 2012

declined slightlyto 17.6% during 2012 and will likely remain at approximately 18% through 2013, according to the World Bank.

The first year following the revolution also saw a trend of self-immolations, mainly by desperate, young men from poor, rural areas.

Many others are illegally migratingto Europe, often through dangerous means in search of better economic opportunities most are

which are caught by authorities and placed in detention or face deportation. Although it was Tunisias youth who spearheaded the

revolution, they are perhaps the most disappointedwith the results, reports theBBC.

Regional disparities across the country, which continue to deprive the interior and peri-urban areas of economic development, are

also a major challenge faced by the current government. According to Joulan Abdul Khalek, a consultant at the World Bank, theBen Ali regime created shocking levels of inequality among regions by focusing all economic development in the capital Tunis

and its surrounding suburbs. This region holds only 30% of the countrys population and 10% of its landmass, but garners 65% of

total private investment in the country. In contrast, the southern and western parts of Tunisia hold around 57% of the population, but

only contribute 18% of value-added in the economy. While unemployment averages around 13% in the capital Tunis, it runs at 28%

in central provinceswhere the revolution began, reportsReuters.

On 27 November 2012, the local branch of the Tunisian General Labour Union (UGTT) organised a general strike in Siliana, a

farming town in Tunisias low-income northern interior, to demand jobs, government investment and the resignation of the gover-

nor. The strike quickly degenerated into violencebetween protestors and the police, causing over 300 injuries during 5 days of pro-

tests, which were contained by the military. Fearing the clashes could spread to other regions, on 30 November President Moncef

Marzouki said in a televised speechthat the government has not met the expectations of the people and stressed that Tunisia was

at a crossroads between the road to ruin and the road to recovery. President Marzouki also asked the Tunisian Prime Minister

Hamadi Jebali to appoint a new cabinet, one that was smaller and specialised to deal with the unrest, and by 02 December, a deal

had been reached with the protestors resulting in the resignation of the regional governor and promises of increased economic devel-

opment. However, the unrest already appears to be spreading, as similar clashes have been reported in at least two other towns.

As more Tunisians become disillusioned with the coun-

trys slow pace of socio-economic reform, Salafist

groups have seized the opportunity to increase their in-

fluence, rejecting democracys legitimacy and arguing

that Tunisia needs a strict implementation of Islamic

law, reports The Guardian. Some Salafists have advo-

cated the use of violence to advance their goals and con-

sequently, and attacks have escalated in recent months.

As a result of these attacks, including the US Embassy

attack on 11 September, the government extended the

state of emergencythat has been in place since January2011 was extendedthrough January 2013, thereby con-

tinuing special intervention powers for security forces.

The state of emergency decree bans gatherings of more

than three people and authorises security forces to shoot

instigators of public disorder. The New York Times

(NYT) has described Tunisias situation as a vicious

cycle in which political unrest scares off the investors

needed to create jobs.

Fearing that Tunisias worsening economy could promulgate increasing unrest, the World Bank approveda USD 500 million loan to

the government, followed by another USD 500 million from the African Development Bank. The government now has enough fi-

nancing to cover its 2013 spending, and the World Bank expects economic growth to increase to approximately 3.7% in 2013 and

4.9% in 2014. However, Tunisia will need at least three to five yearsbefore it will see a change in employment prospects. Mean-while, social unrest may be simmering as the frustration of increasing numbers of unemployed youth and deprived inland popula-

tions are reluctant to wait three to five more years for change, reports the NYT.

ENGAGE WITH US Civil-Military Fusion Centre Med.basin@cimicweb.org www.cimicweb.org

Continued from page 1

Tunisias President Moncef Marzouki has warned that if the economy is not fixed there

will be a revolution within the revolution. Source: The Guardian

http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tunisia/overviewhttp://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tunisia/overviewhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16526462http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16526462http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16526462http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16526462http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/08/detention-in-italy-better-than-home-in-tunisia/http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/08/detention-in-italy-better-than-home-in-tunisia/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19848935http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19848935http://www.aspeninstitute.it/aspenia-online/article/tunisia%E2%80%99s-challenge-after-ben-ali-tackling-inequalityhttp://www.aspeninstitute.it/aspenia-online/article/tunisia%E2%80%99s-challenge-after-ben-ali-tackling-inequalityhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/30/us-tunisia-unemployment-idUSBRE84T0WT20120530http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/30/us-tunisia-unemployment-idUSBRE84T0WT20120530http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/28/tunisia-riots_n_2206214.htmlhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/28/tunisia-riots_n_2206214.htmlhttp://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2012/11/30/tunisia-unrest/1738513/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2012/11/30/tunisia-unrest/1738513/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ixP6SxBB7sNPMxh8PJ8YSNnIx9jw?docId=CNG.5bd2fe3676dea1a5db897268609d309a.1c1http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ixP6SxBB7sNPMxh8PJ8YSNnIx9jw?docId=CNG.5bd2fe3676dea1a5db897268609d309a.1c1http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/12/20121215635559504.htmlhttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/12/20121215635559504.htmlhttp://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/12/01/252791.htmlhttp://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/12/01/252791.htmlhttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/12/2012121165214413284.htmlhttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/12/2012121165214413284.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/18/tunisia-revolution-at-riskhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/18/tunisia-revolution-at-riskhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/18/tunisia-revolution-at-riskhttp://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2012/10/tunisia-ennahda-blamed-for-continued-salafist-attacks.htmlhttp://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2012/10/tunisia-ennahda-blamed-for-continued-salafist-attacks.htmlhttp://news.yahoo.com/tunisia-death-toll-rises-four-u-embassy-attack-122134508.htmlhttp://news.yahoo.com/tunisia-death-toll-rises-four-u-embassy-attack-122134508.htmlhttp://news.yahoo.com/tunisia-death-toll-rises-four-u-embassy-attack-122134508.htmlhttp://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5idlBqzrLD1-yYscwNnEXSPyf1rmA?docId=CNG.4636dd056c9d8d0503ef2fb2b2ed0fe4.431http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5idlBqzrLD1-yYscwNnEXSPyf1rmA?docId=CNG.4636dd056c9d8d0503ef2fb2b2ed0fe4.431http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5idlBqzrLD1-yYscwNnEXSPyf1rmA?docId=CNG.4636dd056c9d8d0503ef2fb2b2ed0fe4.431http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5idlBqzrLD1-yYscwNnEXSPyf1rmA?docId=CNG.4636dd056c9d8d0503ef2fb2b2ed0fe4.431http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/world/africa/economic-frustration-simmers-again-in-tunisia.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/world/africa/economic-frustration-simmers-again-in-tunisia.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/world/africa/economic-frustration-simmers-again-in-tunisia.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/nov/29/world-bank-tunisia-cash-transparenthttp://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/nov/29/world-bank-tunisia-cash-transparenthttp://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/world/africa/economic-frustration-simmers-again-in-tunisia.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/world/africa/economic-frustration-simmers-again-in-tunisia.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0mailto:afghanistan@cimicweb.orgmailto:afghanistan@cimicweb.orghttps://www.cimicweb.org/https://www.cimicweb.org/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/jul/07/tunisia-arab-springhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/jul/07/tunisia-arab-springhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/jul/07/tunisia-arab-springhttps://www.cimicweb.org/mailto:afghanistan@cimicweb.orghttp://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/world/africa/economic-frustration-simmers-again-in-tunisia.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/nov/29/world-bank-tunisia-cash-transparenthttp://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/world/africa/economic-frustration-simmers-again-in-tunisia.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/world/africa/economic-frustration-simmers-again-in-tunisia.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5idlBqzrLD1-yYscwNnEXSPyf1rmA?docId=CNG.4636dd056c9d8d0503ef2fb2b2ed0fe4.431http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5idlBqzrLD1-yYscwNnEXSPyf1rmA?docId=CNG.4636dd056c9d8d0503ef2fb2b2ed0fe4.431http://news.yahoo.com/tunisia-death-toll-rises-four-u-embassy-attack-122134508.htmlhttp://news.yahoo.com/tunisia-death-toll-rises-four-u-embassy-attack-122134508.htmlhttp://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2012/10/tunisia-ennahda-blamed-for-continued-salafist-attacks.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/18/tunisia-revolution-at-riskhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/18/tunisia-revolution-at-riskhttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/12/2012121165214413284.htmlhttp://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/12/01/252791.htmlhttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/12/20121215635559504.htmlhttp://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ixP6SxBB7sNPMxh8PJ8YSNnIx9jw?docId=CNG.5bd2fe3676dea1a5db897268609d309a.1c1http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2012/11/30/tunisia-unrest/1738513/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/28/tunisia-riots_n_2206214.htmlhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/30/us-tunisia-unemployment-idUSBRE84T0WT20120530http://www.aspeninstitute.it/aspenia-online/article/tunisia%E2%80%99s-challenge-after-ben-ali-tackling-inequalityhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19848935http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/08/detention-in-italy-better-than-home-in-tunisia/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16526462http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tunisia/overview