QuestionEverything!

Science-the knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested

Investigation Research Observation Experimentation

Benefits of science! Recycling (Saving resources) Fighting diseases Answering questions

ZoologistGeochemistMechanicOceanographerVolcanologistAny job ever!

Scientific Method-a series of steps followed to solve problems Ask a question Make observations Form a hypothesis ▪ Hypothesis-an explanation that is based on prior

scientific research or observations and that can be tested

Test the Hypothesis Analyze the results Draw Conclusions Communicate results

Controlled experiments! an experiment that tests only one factor at a time by

using a comparison of a control group with an experimental group

Variable a factor that changes in an experiment in order to test a

hypothesis Change only ONE at a time!

Analyzing results of experiments help scientists focus on the effect of the varriable

Types of Models Physical Mathematical conceptual▪ Ideas, comparisons, behavior

Model- a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept

Knowledge can change when a scientist makes a new Hypothesis

Models can represent things that do not exist, is to small to see, or to see a large item scaled down

Models can help us understand things Theory-an explanation that ties together many

hypotheses and observations Law-A summary of many experimental results

and observations: a law tells us how things work New evidence can always challenge accepted ideas

and scientists can re-evaluate old ideas

Models are useful but not perfectA model is not the object it is

representing!A model only tells part of the storyThis model shows us what a dinosaur

might look like, but that’s it!

Engineering Design Process -the process engineers use to develop a new technology Step 1- Identify a need Step 2- Develop possible solutions Step 3- Make a prototype

▪ Prototype- a test model of a product Step 4- Testing and Evaluation▪ Cost benefit analysis- the process of determining

whether the cost of doing something is worth the benefit provided

Step 5 - Improve! Repeat forever!

Intended Benefits vs. Unintended consequences

Bioengineering Engineering on living organisms

Assistive Bioengineering Helps, not permanent

Adaptive Bioengineering Permanently changes individual

SI Units- Easy to use, most widely used, and makes information sharing easy