Ch. 10 Diagrams

Photosynthesis

(a) Plants(b) Multicellular

alga

(c) Unicellularprotists

(d) Cyanobacteria

(e) Purple sulfurbacteria

10 m

1 m

40 m

Figure 10.2

Figure 10.4

Mesophyll

Leaf cross section

Chloroplasts Vein

Stomata

Chloroplast Mesophyllcell

CO2 O2

20 m

Outermembrane

IntermembranespaceInnermembrane

1 m

Thylakoidspace

ThylakoidGranumStroma

Equation for Photosynthesis

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Light

LightReactions

CalvinCycle

Chloroplast

[CH2O](sugar)

ATP

NADPH

NADP

ADP

+ P i

H2O CO2

O2

Figure 10.6-4

Figure 10.7

Gammarays X-rays UV Infrared

Micro-waves

Radiowaves

Visible light

Shorter wavelength Longer wavelength

Lower energyHigher energy

380 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm

105 nm 103 nm 1 nm 103 nm 106 nm (109 nm) 103 m1 m

Chloroplast

LightReflectedlight

Absorbedlight

Transmittedlight

Granum

Figure 10.8

Figure 10.9

Whitelight

Refractingprism

Chlorophyllsolution

Photoelectrictube

Galvanometer

Slit moves topass lightof selectedwavelength.

Greenlight

High transmittance(low absorption):Chlorophyll absorbsvery little green light.

Bluelight

Low transmittance(high absorption):Chlorophyll absorbsmost blue light.

TECHNIQUE

(b) Action spectrum

(a) Absorptionspectra

Engelmann’sexperiment

(c)

Chloro-phyll a Chlorophyll b

Carotenoids

Wavelength of light (nm)

Ab

so

rpti

on

of

lig

ht

by

ch

loro

pla

st

pig

me

nts

Ra

te o

f p

ho

tos

yn

the

sis

(m

ea

su

red

by

O2

rele

as

e)

Aerobic bacteria

Filamentof alga

400 500 600 700

400 500 600 700

400 500 600 700

RESULTSFigure 10.10

Figure 10.13

(b) Structure of photosystem II(a) How a photosystem harvests light

Th

yla

ko

id m

em

bra

ne

Th

yla

ko

id m

em

bra

ne

PhotonPhotosystem STROMA

Light-harvestingcomplexes

Reaction-centercomplex

Primaryelectronacceptor

Transferof energy

Special pair ofchlorophyll amolecules

Pigmentmolecules

THYLAKOID SPACE(INTERIOR OF THYLAKOID)

Chlorophyll STROMA

Proteinsubunits THYLAKOID

SPACE

e

Figure 10.14-5

Cytochromecomplex

Primaryacceptor

Primaryacceptor

H2O

O2

2 H

+1/2

P680

Light

Pigmentmolecules

Photosystem II(PS II)

Photosystem I(PS I)

Pq

Pc

ATP

1

2

3

5

6

7

8

Electron transport chain

Electron

transport

chain

P700

Light

+ HNADP

NADPH

NADP

reductase

Fd

e

e

e

e

4

e

e

Figure 10.16

Photosystem I

Primaryacceptor

Cytochromecomplex

Fd

Pc

ATP

Primaryacceptor

Pq

Fd

NADPH

NADP

reductase

NADP

+ H

Photosystem II

Figure 10.18

STROMA(low H concentration)

STROMA(low H concentration)

THYLAKOID SPACE(high H concentration)

Light

Photosystem II

Cytochromecomplex Photosystem I

Light

NADP

reductase

NADP + H

ToCalvinCycle

ATPsynthase

Thylakoidmembrane

2

1

3

NADPH

Fd

Pc

Pq

4 H+

4 H++2 H+

H+

ADP+P i

ATP

1/2

H2OO2

Input

3 (Entering oneat a time)

CO2

Phase 1: Carbon fixation

Rubisco

3 P P

P6

Short-livedintermediate

3-Phosphoglycerate6

6 ADP

ATP

6 P P1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

CalvinCycle

6 NADPH

6 NADP

6 P i

6 P

Phase 2: Reduction

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(G3P)

P5G3P

ATP

3 ADP

Phase 3:Regeneration ofthe CO2 acceptor(RuBP)

3 P PRibulose bisphosphate

(RuBP)

1 PG3P

(a sugar)Output

Glucose andother organiccompounds

3

Figure 10.19-3

Figure 10.20

C4 leaf anatomy The C4 pathway

Photosyntheticcells of C4 plant leaf

Mesophyll cell

Bundle-sheathcell

Vein(vascular tissue)

Stoma

Mesophyll cell PEP carboxylase

CO2

Oxaloacetate (4C) PEP (3C)

Malate (4C)

Pyruvate (3C)

CO2

Bundle-sheathcell

CalvinCycle

Sugar

Vasculartissue

ADP

ATP

Sugarcane

Mesophyllcell

Bundle-sheathcell

C4 CO2

Organic acid

CO2

CalvinCycle

Sugar

(a) Spatial separation of steps (b) Temporal separation of steps

CO2

Organic acid

CO2

CalvinCycle

Sugar

Day

Night

CAM

Pineapple

CO2 incorporated(carbon fixation)

CO2 releasedto the Calvincycle

2

1

Figure 10.21

Light

LightReactions:

Photosystem IIElectron transport chain

Photosystem IElectron transport chain

NADP

ADP

+ P i

RuBP

ATP

NADPH

3-Phosphoglycerate

CalvinCycle

G3PStarch(storage)

Sucrose (export)

Chloroplast

H2O CO2

O2

Figure 10.22

Figure 10.UN02

Primaryacceptor

Primaryacceptor

Cytochromecomplex

NADP

reductase

Photosystem II

Photosystem IATP

Pq

Pc

Fd

NADP

+ H

NADPH

H2O

O2

Electron transport

chain

Electron transport

chain