Ch. 10: The cell

What are living things made of?

Early idea: all living things are made of air, fire and water

Now: all living things are made of cells (cell theory)

Cell: the basic, functional unit of life

The cell is the basic unit of life.

All living things are made of one or more cells.

All cells come from other living cells.

All living things...

1.Grow

2.Move

3.Respond to stimuli

4. Reproduce

A result of the cells in your body increasing in number

New cells will grow to replace old cells that die

A change in position, shape or location (locomotion)

Stimulus: anything that causes an organism to react.

May be external or internal

Identify the stimulus and response:

Producing more of the same kind (offspring)

Review

Page 393

Total Magnification= power of objective lens X power of eyepiece lens

Eyepiece lens (10x)

Objective lenses:

Low (4x)

Medium (10x)

High (40x)

Example: You are observing an onion cell under medium power. What is the magnification?

Example: You are looking at a hair root under high power. What is the magnification?

Page 401

#’s 2, 6, 7, 8, and Pause &

Reflect

Microscope Assignment

Microscope Lab

1. Cell membrane:

•Surrounds and protects the contents of the cell

•Controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell

Found in both plant and animal cells

2. Cytoplasm:

•Jell-like fluid in which the organelles float

•Helps to move materials like food to different parts of the cell

•Found in both plant and animal cells

3. Cell wall:

•Tough, rigid structure that give plant cells their box-like shape

•Made mostly of cellulose

•Found only in plant cells!

4. Nucleus:

•The “control centre” of the cell

•Large round structure often visible

•Contains the chromosomes

•Found in both plant and animal cells

5. Vacuole:

•Balloon-like spaces in the cytoplasm

•Store materials that can not be used right away

•Found in both plant and animal cells

(many small ones in animal cells,

few large ones in plant cells )

6. Mitochondrion:

•Oval, bean-like structures

•Produces energy by breaking down food particles

•Found in both plant and animal cells

7. Chloroplast:

•Green structures that contain chlorophyll

•Capture the sun’s energy for photosynthesis

•Found only in plant cells!

Organelle Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell Wall x rigid, box shape

Nucleus

Vacuole many, small few, large

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast x

photosynthesis

Plant VS Animal Cells

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Mitochondrion

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Mitochondrion

Vacuole

Page 415: #s 1-10, 13-15

Page 416: #s 9-13

Cell Assignment

•Necessary for growth and reproduction

•Will replace cells that are dead or in need of repair

•How does this happen? A process called mitosis

•Occurs in body cells (somatic cells)

NOT in sex cells (egg and sperm cells)

•Bacteria cells reproduce like this

ProphaseMetaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

•Cells need energy for all life processes.

•Energy is stored in food called glucose(a type of sugar)

•To release energy cells must carry out cellular respiration. Here the energy is converted to another form of energy.

•Takes place in the mitochondrion.

•Most energy is released as heat.

•Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration.

•Carbon dioxide and water vapour are waste gases produced. These are removed from the cell.

Page 415: #16

Page 416-417

Cell in a Bag project

Bill Nye Video