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8/11/2019 Ch 112 From Lenin to Stalin
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Joseph Stalin
Rise to Power
Born Joseph Djugashvili
Poor, peasant family from
Georgia
Studied to be a priest
Joined the Bolshevik
underground and took the
name Stalin or Man of Steel
Got many party members
on his side and forced his way
into power. Trotsky fled to
Mexico.
1879-1953
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Stalin vs TrotskyTrotsky
-Great Speaker
-Wanted worldwide
revolution againstcapitalism
Stalin
-Wanted to focus on
building socialism at home
-Had supporters in top
jobs in Communist Party
& kept Trotsky isolated.
STALIN
WON
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Stalin Gains Power
Trotsky fled to Mexico & was later assassinated in 1929
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Stalins Five-Year Plans
Stalin wanted the USSR to be a modern
industrial power 5 Year Plan aimed atimproving heavy industry, transportation, &agriculture
Command Economy (govt officials make allbasic economic decisions)
Industrial
Agricultural
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INDUSTRIAL Five-Year Plan
Industrial Growth some successes1. High production goals set
2. Govt pushed workers and managers to meet
quotas3. By 1928-1939
large factories
hydro-electric power stations huge industrial complexes rose
Oil, coal & steel production grew
mining expanded
new railroads were built
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Results of 5-Year-Plans
Some lives improved
Generally standards of
living remained poor
Wages low
Consumer goods were
scarce cars, clothes &
refrigerators
Shortages in some areasand surpluses in others
Poor quality products
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AGRICULTURE Five-Year Plan
Peasants give up private landcollectives (large farmsowned & operated by peasants as a group).
All farm animals and implements were to be turned over tothe collective
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AGRICULTURE Five-Year Plan
Idea was to teach farmers new methods andtools needed so they could produce surplusfood for city factory workers
Farmers resisted collectivism by killing farm
animals & burning crops
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The Five-Year Plans
Stalins Reaction:1. Soldiers fired weapons into crowds
2. Attempted to destroy kulaks (wealthy peasants) byconfiscating their land & sending them to labor camps(gulags)
3. 1000s were killed or died from overwork
4. Government allowed protesting peasants to starve (5-
8,000,000 people died in the Ukraine from famine)
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Stalin and his secret police charged peoplew/wide range of crimes, from counter-revolutionary plots to failure to meetproduction quotas.
Between 1936-1938, Stalin had show trials;purged party members were sent toforced-labor camps in Siberia or executedapproximately 4,000,000 in a few yrs
Anyone still alive after the purges owed theirloyalty to Stalin for sparing them
The Great Purge 1934
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How were people controlled?1. Secret Police
2. Censorship
3. Terror
4. Propaganda(Radios, loudspeakers,movies, schools, newsreels, newspapers)
5. War on religionAtheismbecame official policy of the
state
Communists targeted Russian OrthodoxChurch which supported the czars
6. Communist Ideology
Communism treated like a religion;
shrines, writings,portraits
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Foreign Policy
Communist International (Comintern) aid
revolutionary groups around the world & urge
colonial people to rise up against imperial powers
Wanted to join the League of Nations & improvediplomatic and trade relations with many western
governments
Western nations were suspicious of USSR after it was
found that they were behind some schemes to turn
strikes into revolutions
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Joseph Stalin
WWII
Formed an Alliance with
Germany in August 1939
German-Soviet Non-
aggression Pact
Nazis eventually invaded in
1941 and fighting continuedthrough the end of WWII in
1945
U.S.S.R. rallied behind Stalin even
after their great losses
Established puppet Communist
regimes and created the Iron
Curtain between Eastern and
Western Europe (1947)