Ch. 16 IDs

1.) Spoils System

• When – Act in which elected politicians give government jobs to friends and supporters

• Significance – Causes corruption and incompetence at different government levels and will eventually split the Republican Party

2.) Stalwarts and Half-breeds

• What – Stalwarts are Republicans who are in favor of the spoils system while Half-breeds wanted reform

• Significance – This divisions will eventually cause the assassination of James Garfield

3.) Garfield/Guiteau

• What – Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled Stalwart, shoots and kills President Garfield

• When – 1881• Significance – Will turn everyone against the

spoils system and lead to the Pendleton Civil Service Act

4.) Pendleton Civil Service Act

• What – Legislation that makes people take an aptitude test in order to qualify for a number of government jobs

• Significance – Brings an end to the corruption and ineptitude of the spoils system

5.) Wabash v. Illinois

• What – Supreme Court ruling that states that the federal government has the right to regulate interstate trade

• When – 1886• Significance – – 1.) Leads to the creation of the ICC– 2.) Inadvertently ends laissez faire economics

6.) Interstate Commerce Commission

• What – Government agency created to regulate interstate trade

• Significance – – 1.) One of the first independent government

agencies– 2.) Government takes a more active role in

regulating the economy

7.) Sherman Antitrust Act

• What- Legislation that made trusts illegal• When – 1890• Significance – Sets precedent (Most politicians

were too afraid to use it until T. Roosevelt)

8.) The Grange

• What – One of the oldest farming organizations in the US

• When – 1867• Significance – Will cause farmers to start

coming together and forming cooperatives/working together

9.) Farmers’ Alliance

• What – Large farmer’s exchange • When – 1877• Where – Begins in Texas• Significance – Failures of the alliance will

cause farmers to get more political/form the Populist Party

10.) Panic of 1873

• What – Economic recession caused by railroad failures and the removal of silver from circulation

• Significance – Leads to the formation of the Populist Party

11.) Panic of 1893

• What – Economic depression caused by failure of multiple railroad companies

• Significance – Greatest depression in US to its time

12.) Populist Party

• What – Political party consisting mostly of farmers from the Midwest and parts of the South

• Significance – Will become very successful in the late 1800s and will introduce a number of reforms that will be passed by later generations

13.) “Front Porch Campaign”

• What – William McKinley’s campaign for presidency

• When – 1896• Significance – Popular method used in the late

1800s, gives the candidate the image of the “local man” working for everybody

14.) De Facto Segregation

• What – Segregation by choice• Significance – De facto is seen everywhere and

proves to be more difficult to defeat than segregation by law

15.) Jim Crow Laws

• What – Segregation laws• Where – South• Significance – Will lead to the treatment of AA

as second-class citizens

16.) Grandfather Clause

• What – Law that states that if your grandfather could vote, then you could vote

• Significance – Loophole that still kept blacks from voting, while allowing poor whites

17.) Plessy v. Ferguson

• What – Court ruling that said segregation was legal

• When – 1896• Significance – Creates the “separate but

equal” doctrine

18.) Booker T. Washington

• Who – African American leader• Significance – – 1.) Creates the Tuskegee Institute– 2.) Promoted economic success over immediate

political equality (gradualism)

19.) Atlanta Compromise

• What – Speech made by Booker T. Washington• When – 1895• Significance – Washington introduces his

gradualist beliefs

20.) W.E.B. DuBois

• Who – African American leader• Significance – – 1.) Will help create and lead the NAACP– 2.) Will formulate the effort to grant AA full

political equality immediately