Ch. 18 - Acids & Bases

electrolytes electrolytes

turn litmus red

sour taste

react with metals to form H2 gas

slippery feel

turn litmus blue

bitter taste

ChemASAP

vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits

ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda

ArrheniusArrhenius - In aqueous solution… - In aqueous solution…

HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl– •AcidsAcids form hydronium ions (H3O+)

H

HH H H

H

Cl ClO O–+

acid

ArrheniusArrhenius - In aqueous solution… - In aqueous solution…

•BasesBases form hydroxide ions (OH-)

NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-

H

H

HH H

H

N NO O–+

HH

H H

base

Strong Acid/BaseStrong Acid/Base 100% ionized in water strong electrolyte - +

HClHNO3

H2SO4

HBrHIHClO4

NaOHKOHCa(OH)2

Ba(OH)2

Weak Acid/BaseWeak Acid/Base• does not ionize completely• weak electrolyte

- +

HFCH3COOH

H3PO4

H2CO3

HCN

NH3