THE COLD WAR_
CHAPTER 27
OVERVIEWAfter World War II, the Soviet Union
and the United States emerge as rivals. This rivalry is mainly diplomatic and strategic, but also leads both to become involved in military actions around the world. The rivalry dominates world politics for four decades.
(Teacher read)
TIMELINE1945 – U.N. formed; Cold War
begins
1947 – Truman Doctrine, Marshall
Plan
1949 – Communists take control
of China, NATO formed
1953 – Korean War ends (1950-
1953)
1954 – Civil Rights Movement
begins
1957 – Soviets launch Sputnik
1959 – Cuban revolution
1961 – Berlin Wall Built
1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis
1964 – More troops sent to
Vietnam
From Stettin in the Baltic to
Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron
curtain has descended across
the continent. Behind that line lie
all the capitals of the ancient
states of central and eastern
Europe, Warsaw, Berlin, Prague,
Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade,
Bucharest, and Sofia; all these
famous cities and the
populations around them lie in
the Soviet sphere and all are
subject, in one form or another,
not only to Soviet influence but to
very high and increasing a
measure of control from Moscow.
In substance,
Mr. Churchill
now stands in
the position of
a firebrand of
war.
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
• Dean Acheson
• Nikita Khrushchev
• Charles de Gaulle
• John F. Kennedy
• Martin Luther King, Jr.
CONFRONTATION
• USSR feared the Capitalist
West
• USA feared Communism
–USA wanted Eastern
European nations to
govern themselves after
WWII
• Stalin feared the Eastern
European countries would
be anti-Soviet if free
• Truman Doctrine – The
USA would give $$$ To
countries threatened by
Communist expansion
MARSHALL PLAN
• June 1947 – European
Recovery program begins
–Rebuilds war-torn Europe
• USSR and its satellite states
don’t take part, set up Council
for Mutual Economic
Assisstance
CONTAINMENT
•USA sets up policy of
containment to stop
spread of
Communism.
CRISIS IN BERLIN
• W. Germany unified, creates
a West German State in 1948
• USSR opposes, blockade
West Berlin
• US, GB airlift supplies into
West Berlin
• Blockade ends 1949
CON’T
•Berlin divided into two
parts, East and West
HTV 2005
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0
Cold War Video
What were several
causes of the Cold
War?
THE COLD WAR SPREADS
• Chinese Communists take
control of China in 1949
• Fall of China, USSR first atom
bomb test starts an arms race
b/w the USA and USSR
NATO• April 1949-North Atlantic Treaty
Organization formed (NATO)
• Military alliance-members agreed
to help if another is attacked
• Warsaw Pact – USSR and Eastern
European nations form a military
alliance
KOREAN WAR
• North Korea (Commie) invades
South Korea (Democratic)
• USA helps S. Korea try to
repel North
• Lasts 3 years, boundaries
don’t change
SPACE RACE
• USSR puts Sputnik I
into orbit in 1957
• Sparks fears in USA of lag behind
USSR technology, missiles
BERLIN WALL
• August 1961 – Nikita
Khrushchev orders wall
built between East and
West Berlin to prevent
escape from East.
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
• Bay of Pigs – JFK orders secret invasion of Cuba to overthrow Communist Castro
–Invasion fails
• USSR sends arms and military to Cuba
–Places nuclear missiles in Cuba
CON’T
• JFK orders blockade of Cuba to
stop missiles from getting there
• Khrushchev agrees to remove
missiles if JFK promises not to
invade Cuba
• Close call to nuclear war
VIETNAM AND THE DOMINO
THEORY• Commie N. Vietnam invades S.
Vietnam
–USA applied domino theory to
Vietnam: if Vietnam fell to
Communism, other Asian
countries would fall, like
dominoes
ANTIWAR MOVEMENT
•Growing political
unrest at home due to Vietnam war
•USA ended up
withdrawing from Vietnam
COLD WAR PHASESCAUSES:
Mutual mistrust
Two ideologies
Arms Race
THE SPARK:
Berlin Blockade
Soviet Aggression
TURNING POINT:
China goes Commie
USSR gets A-Bomb
KOREAN WAR:
1950-53
Ended a draw (not
good)
VIETNAM:
1965-75
Commies won
FINAL STAGE:
1980s
Reagan bankrupted
USSR
EFFECTS:
USSR dead
Communism
discredited
TO BE
CONTINUED…