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Ch 3 US histAlbany Plan of UnionJoin or Die Ben Franklin1754 Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island met in Albany, New York to discuss the issues over the trading issues and the threat of the French and the Frenchs allies the Indians.

Ben Franklin proposed that each of the thirteen colonies choose a delegate and these 13 delegates would have the authority to raise a militia and navel forces, regulate trade and govern the collecting of taxes. The colonies completely rejected the idea. The colonists did not want to relinquish any power to a governing body

Britain and France were at war almost constantly since the late 17th century primarily over trading rights and the land just west of the colonies. The French controlled what is now Canada all the way down the region by Lake Erie. In between the lands controlled by the English and French is what is called the Middle ground.

French and Indian War1756 Fighting began between the French/ Indians and EnglandPrior to 1759 French were winning the war. Then,1759 General James Wolfe won a decisive victory for England and the British began to win the war.1763- Treaty of Paris was signed giving all of Canada to England

French and Indian war (also known as the 7 years war) ended in 1763. It was fought on colonial soil. Therefore, once the war was over, the English Government thought it only fair to tax the colonist. Colonist disagreed . Thus, conflict began with the Sugar Act then the Stamp Act. A series of subsequent taxes followed.

First Continental CongressSeptember 4, 1774 representatives from all colonies except Georgia met in Philadelphia to discuss how to handle the taxes and unfair treatment of the English Government.

Met for 2 months and decided to boycott British goods. Not effective

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre- 1770

Boston Massacre

Gaspee AffairColonists seized the Gaspee and burned the ship.Colonists were denied trial by jury of their peers1773 Virginia House of Burgesses develop the Committees of Correspondence to deal with England.Boston Tea Party

Boston Tea Party1773- British Prime Minister Lord North attempted to help the British East Indies company which was deeply in debt.The tax on tea in colonies had encouraged smuggling.Therefore, the BEI company was not selling tea. In 1773 the TEA act refunded almost all of the taxes the BEI company had to pay to ship tea to the Colonies- which made their tea less expensive. This made the BEI companies tea less expensive than the smuggled tea. Also, The BEI company could sell tea directly to shopkeepers bypassing the colonial merchants.Oct 1773- British East Indies comp sent 1253 chests of tea to Boston. The committees of correspondence forced the ships to return to England.December 1773 another ship arrived. This time the ships would not leave and the night before they were to unload 150 men dressed as Indians boarded the ship and threw 342 chests overboard.Intolerable/Coercive ActsShut down Boston HarborMassachusetts had to pay for teaSoldiers were sent to live in colonists homes

Thomas Paine- Common SenseChanged the attitude of many colonists. Prior- even though many colonists were unhappy with England and George III they assumed that a constitutional monarchy was their only option.Monarchy incompatible with Liberty

Richard Henry Lee these colonies are, and of right, ought to be free and independent states. ( During 2nd continental congress)

June 11, 1776- a committee was appointed to draft the Declaration of Independence.John Adams( chair) Robert Livingston(New York) Thomas Jefferson (Virginia) Roger Sherman (Connecticut) Ben Franklin (Pennsylvania)First Draft presented June 28Loyalist- Colonists loyal to Britain and George III

Patriots- Colonists who supported Independence.

Continental Congress encouraged states to draft their own state Constitutions. As the states began to experiment with their own Constitutions this would pave the way for the United States Constitution.

Revolutionary War will be fought for 7 yearsFrance will join after the battle of SaratogaColonies will become victorious after the battle of YorktownTreaty of Paris 1783 will officially end the war.Now what????

1777 Articles of Confederation written-but were weakFederalist

Anti- Federalist

A Republic vs. True Democracy

New Constitution-

Constitutional Convention55 Delegates attended39 had attended the Continental Congresses8 had signed the Declaration of Independence31 had attended college

George Washington attended he was 55Ben Franklin attended sporadically he was 81

The Framers met in Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence was signed 11 years earlier.May 25 George Washington elected President OF THE CONVENTION-Each state would have only one vote.

Met from May25- Sept 17 1787. Meeting 86 of the 116 days

Abolishing the Articles: Resolved that a national government ought to be established consisting of a supreme Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary.Edmund Randolph, Virginia

24Virginia Plan- Representation in Congress based on Population or financial contributions each state gave the government. Legislative, Executive, Judicial, Bicameral- Lower House chosen by states. Upper House chosen by the members elected to the HouseThis plan was in favor of a strong Federal/ Central Government

New Jersey Plan- Representation in Congress equal for all states regardless of population.Unicameral Very little power by Federal government to tax and regulate tradeNot one person as the Executive( President) wanted a committee of Executives.

Combined both plansVirginia Plan became the Lower House or what is called today the House of RepresentativesNew Jersey Plan became the Upper House or what is today the Senate

Also known as the Great Compromise.