Ch. 3.1 Solids, Liquids, Gases
True False Statement True False
Solids have a definite shape and volume, and their particles do not
move
Liquids have definite shape, not volume, and their particles can
move
Gases do not have a definite shape or volume, and particles are free to
move
The Kinetic Theory states all particles of matter are in constant
motion
Gases can fit any size or shaped container
Kinetic TheoryAll particles of matter are in constant motionExplains the behavior of solids and liquids
Kinetic Energy- an objects energy due to its motion
States of MatterSolid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Solids:Matter that has
Definite shapeDefinite volume
Orderly arrangement of atomic particles. Close together
Behavior of SolidsParticles vibrate in fixed locations
Repetitive, back in forth motionKeeps solids constant shape and volume
Liquids:Matter that has
Definite volumeNO definite shape
Arrangement of particles at atomic level is further apart than solids
Behavior of LiquidsParticles can flow to new locations
No definite shapeForce of attraction keeps particles close
togetherConstant volume
Gases:Matter that has no
Definite shapeDefinite volume
Takes the size and shape of its container
Behavior of GasesParticles are in constant motion
Become any size or shapeKinetic Theory of Gases
Particles are in constant, random motionMotion of 1 particle is unaffected by the motion
of another, unless they collideForces of attraction among particles in a gas
can be ignored under ordinary conditions
Plasma:Gas containing
NucleiElectrons
Exists in extremely hot environmentsSunStars
Phase ChangesCh. 3.3
True False Statement True False
The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase
change
Energy does not change during a phase change
Heat of fusion is the energy needed to melt a substance
Heat of vaporization is the energy needed to turn into a gas
Endothermic reactions absorb heat and become hot, exothermic give
off heat becoming cold
Phase ChangesReversible physical changes1 state of matter changes into another
6 PhasesMelting / freezingvaporization / condensationSublimation / deposition
Phase Change andTemperature EnergyTemp of the
substances does NOT change during a phase change
Energy is either absorbed or released during a phase change
EnergyEndothermic ExothermicAbsorbs energy from
surroundingsBecome coldEx: Evaporation of
water
Releases energy into surroundings
Produce heatEx: Candle flame
Heat of FusionHeat needed to meltVaries for every substance
Phase ChangesMelting FreezingMolecules become less
orderlyGain energy, vibrate
more quickly to break away from fixed position
Endothermic
Molecules become more orderly
Kinetic energy decreases, decreasing movement until a fixed arrangement is met
Exothermic
Phase Changes: VaporizationEvaporation
Liquid to gasEndothermic
Heat of Vaporization- amount of heat needed
Occurs on the surface & and temps BELOW boiling point
Vapor Pressurethe pressure of the vapor
resulting from evaporation of a liquid above a sample of the liquid in a closed container
BoilingOccurs below the surface
at BOLING point
Phase Changes: CondensationGas to liquidExothermic
Phase ChangesSublimation DepositionSolid to gas, skipping
liquidEndothermicEx: Dry ice
Gas to solid, skipping liquid
Exothermic