Ch. 5 PowerPoint

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Chapter 5

Respiratory System


Respiratory System Function

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and body cells. The process is called respiration. External respiration (breathing): Oxygen passes

from lungs to blood (capillaries) and carbon dioxide passes from capillaries back into lungs to be expelled.

Internal respiration: The body cells take on oxygen from the blood and give back carbon dioxide, which is transported back to the lungs.


Organs of the Respiratory System


Structures of the Nasal Passages and Throat


Respiratory System

nose: lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air

pharynx (throat): serves as a food and air passageway adenoid: lymphoid tissue located behind the

nasal cavity tonsils: lymphoid tissue located behind the

mouth


Respiratory System (cont’d)

larynx (voice box): location of the vocal cords

epiglottis: flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing and keeps food from entering the larynx

trachea: passageway for air to the bronchi



bronchus: one of two branches from the trachea, which conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides (referred to as a bronchial tree). bronchioles: smallest subdivision of the bronchial

tree alveolus: air sacs at the end of the bronchioles;

oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through alveolar walls and capillaries


Bronchioles and Alveoli



lungs: 2 sponge-like organs in the thoracic cavity (right lung has 3 lobes; left lung has 2 lobes) pleura: Serous membrane covering each lung

and lining the thoracic cavity

diaphragm: Muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; aids in breathingmediastinum: Space between the lungs


Combining Forms for the Respiratory System

adenoid/o

alveol/o

bronch/i, bronch/o

diaphragmat/o

epiglott/o

laryng/o

lob/o

nas/o, rhin/o

pharyng/o

pleur/o pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/opulmon/o


Combining Forms for the Respiratory System (cont’d)

sept/o

sinus/o

thorac/o

tonsill/o

trache/o


Combining Forms Commonly Used with Respiratory System Terms

atel/o

capn/o

hem/o, hemat/o

muc/o

orth/o

ox/o, ox/i

py/o

spir/o


Prefixes

a-, an-

endo-

eu-

pan-

poly-


Suffixes

-algia -ar, -ary -cele -centesis -eal-ectasis -emia -gram

-graphy -graph -meter -metry -oxia -pexy -phonia -pnea


Suffixes (cont’d)

-rrhagia

-scope

-scopic

-scopy

-spasm

-stenosis

-stomy

-thorax

-tomy


Word Parts Meaning Breathing, Oxygen, and Chest Appear as Combining Forms and Suffixes

Meaning Combining Form Suffix

breathing spir/o -pnea

chest thorac/o -thorax

oxygen ox/o, ox/i -oxia


Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts

adenoiditis atelectasis bronchogenic carcinoma hemothorax pansinusitis pneumonitis pneumothorax rhinorrhagia


Atelectasis Showing Collapsed Alveoli


(air) / cv / (chest)


Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

asthma

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever or cocci)

emphysema

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

pulmonary embolism

tuberculosis (TB)


Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts

bronchoplasty laryngocentesis lobectomy pleuropexy pneumobronchotomy thoracocentesis or thoracentesis thoracotomy tracheostomy


(chest) / cv / (surgical puncture to remove fluid)


Types of Diagnostic Procedures

radiography: x-ray images of internal organs using ionizing radiationnuclear medicine: scans using radioactive material to determine the functional capacity of an organultrasound: sonograms, or echograms, using high-frequency sound waves to create an image of body organs


Types of Diagnostic Procedures (cont’d)

computed tomography (CT scans): computerized images of body organs in slices, horizontally

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scans): gives information about the body’s biochemistry by placing the patient in a magnetic field


Types of Diagnostic Procedures(cont’d)

endoscopy: endoscopes, which are lighted, flexible instruments, are used for visual examination of a hollow organ or body cavity

laboratory: diagnostic procedures performed on specimens such as blood, tissue, sputum, and urine

pulmonary function tests: diagnostic tests performed to determine lung function


Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts

capnometer

endoscope

endoscopic

endoscopy

laryngoscopy

thoracoscope

thoracoscopy

oximeter

polysomnography

spirometer

spirometry


Pulse Oximetry


Spirometer


Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts

Diagnostic imaging chest CT (computed tomography) scan chest x-ray ventilation-perfusion scanning

Laboratory procedure acid-bacilli (AFB) smear


Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

Pulmonary function arterial blood gases (ABGs) pulmonary function tests (PFTs) pulse oximetry

Other PPD skin test


Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts

acapnia anoxia aphonia apnea bronchospasm diaphragmatic dysphonia dyspnea


Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

eupnea hypercapnia hypocapnia hypoxemia hypoxia laryngeal nasopharyngeal rhinorrhea


Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts

airway asphyxia aspirate bronchoconstrictor bronchodilator hyperventilation hypoventilation mucopurulent


Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

nebulizer

nosocomial infection

patent

sputum

ventilator


Abbreviations

ABGsAFBARDSCFCOPDCTCXR

CO2

LLLLTBLUL

O2

OSAPCP


Abbreviations (cont’d)

PE

PFTs

PSG

RLL

RUL

TB

URIVPS

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Ch. 5 PowerPoint

Health & Medicine