Ch. 5, Sec. 3Ch. 5, Sec. 3A Call To ArmsA Call To Arms

Objectives:Objectives:Know what happened at the Continental Congress in Know what happened at the Continental Congress in Philadelphia.Philadelphia.Be familiar with how the colonists met British soldiers in the first Be familiar with how the colonists met British soldiers in the first battle.battle.

The Continental CongressThe Continental Congress September 1774—September 1774—Group of 55 prominent Group of 55 prominent

colonial leaders met in __________.colonial leaders met in __________. Called the Called the Continental CongressContinental Congress Purpose:Purpose: Establish a political group that would fight Establish a political group that would fight

for American interests and challenge British rule.for American interests and challenge British rule.

Major figures in attendance:Major figures in attendance: Massachusetts: Samuel Adams & John AdamsMassachusetts: Samuel Adams & John Adams New York: John JayNew York: John Jay Virginia: Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry & ____________.Virginia: Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry & ____________.

Decisions of the CongressDecisions of the Congress Drafted a statement of grievancesDrafted a statement of grievances

Called for the repeal of 13 Acts of Parliament.Called for the repeal of 13 Acts of Parliament. Voted to boycott all ________ goods and trade.Voted to boycott all ________ goods and trade.

Delegates from 12 colonies (all except Georgia) met to discuss the situation with

Britain in the fall of 1774.

Carpenters Hall

They met at Carpenters’ Hall in

Philadelphia in what became known as the

“First Continental Congress” to convince Parliament to repeal the Intolerable Acts.

Delegates included John Adams, Benjamin

Franklin, Samuel Adams, George

Washington, Richard Henry Lee, and John

Jay.

Decisions of the CongressDecisions of the Congress

Drafted a statement of grievances:Drafted a statement of grievances: Called for the repeal of 13 Acts of Parliament.Called for the repeal of 13 Acts of Parliament. Voted to boycott all British goods and trade.Voted to boycott all British goods and trade. Passed a resolution to form ________, so colonies Passed a resolution to form ________, so colonies

would have their own armed forces.would have their own armed forces. Militia--_______________________________.Militia--_______________________________.

The First BattlesThe First Battles Colonists expected fighting to break out in New Colonists expected fighting to break out in New

England.England. Massachusetts militia held frequent training Massachusetts militia held frequent training

sessions, made bullets & stockpiled rifles.sessions, made bullets & stockpiled rifles. Some companies used Some companies used minutemenminutemen..

MinutemenMinutemen--____________________________________.--____________________________________.

The British prepared for battle:The British prepared for battle: British General Sir Thomas ______ had 3,000 British General Sir Thomas ______ had 3,000

soldiers in & around Boston.soldiers in & around Boston. April 1775April 1775—had orders to take away weapons of —had orders to take away weapons of

Massachusetts militia and arrest their leaders.Massachusetts militia and arrest their leaders. Gage learned militia had strong arms in ________.Gage learned militia had strong arms in ________.

Ordered 700 troops under Lt.-Colonel Francis Smith to Ordered 700 troops under Lt.-Colonel Francis Smith to march 20 miles northwest of Boston to Concord.march 20 miles northwest of Boston to Concord.

The Minutemen

Based on English militia model

All males over age 16 were required to join militia. Minutemen were selected from colonial militia rosters

The average age was about 25 years old, and many were veterans of the French and Indian War

Alerting the ColonistsAlerting the Colonists April 18, 1775April 18, 1775—Dr. Joe Warren saw British —Dr. Joe Warren saw British

regiment form ranks and march out of Boston.regiment form ranks and march out of Boston. He alerted __________ & William Dawes.He alerted __________ & William Dawes. Revere & Dawes rode to Lexington to warn Revere & Dawes rode to Lexington to warn

Sam Adams & John Hancock that British were Sam Adams & John Hancock that British were coming.coming.

Revere shouted, “The regulars are out!” to Revere shouted, “The regulars are out!” to people and houses along the way.people and houses along the way.

Upon finding out, Adams replied, “What a Upon finding out, Adams replied, “What a glorious morning this is!”glorious morning this is!”

Pg. 143 for Revere’s route.Pg. 143 for Revere’s route.

“One if by land, two if by sea”

Many of the leaders of the rebel movement, known as

the “Patriots”, fled Boston to avoid arrest by the British.

Those who stayed devised a plan to alert those who remained of a British

advance: one lantern in the steeple of the Old North Church, two if from the

Charles River.

The riders

Dawes took the longer “by land” route across the

isthmus of Massachusetts and was able to elude

capture by British forces and warned militia at several

locations along the route the British traveled to Lexington

and Concord. Dawes was thrown from his horse and

was captured.

Revere was captured, but lied to the British about colonial troop strength, and was

eventually released to return to Boston on a poorly rested horse.

Only Prescott was able to make it to Concord

Fighting @ Lexington & Fighting @ Lexington & ConcordConcord

Redcoats approached Lexington at dawn. Redcoats approached Lexington at dawn. Were encountered by about 70 minutemen.Were encountered by about 70 minutemen. Captain John Parker led m-men.Captain John Parker led m-men. Shot was fired & both sides started shooting.Shot was fired & both sides started shooting. 8 minutemen died.8 minutemen died.

Redcoats continued to ________.Redcoats continued to ________. Found out most of militia’s gunpowder had been removed, so Found out most of militia’s gunpowder had been removed, so

they destroyed rest of supplies.they destroyed rest of supplies. At Concord’s __________, m-men were waiting for them.At Concord’s __________, m-men were waiting for them. Farmers, blacksmiths, & many others lined the road from Farmers, blacksmiths, & many others lined the road from

Concord to Boston, hiding behind trees, rocks, & stone fences..Concord to Boston, hiding behind trees, rocks, & stone fences.. Militia was successful in driving British back to _______.Militia was successful in driving British back to _______. Over 200 British wounded & 73 dead! Over 200 British wounded & 73 dead! 50 militia died.50 militia died.

““Shot heard ‘round the world.”Shot heard ‘round the world.”

Lexington and Concord

April 19, 1775

“The shot heard round the world”

More Military ActionMore Military Action Shortly after Lex. & Concord, _____________, Shortly after Lex. & Concord, _____________,

a captain of Conn. militia raised 400 troops to a captain of Conn. militia raised 400 troops to seize seize Ft. Ticonderoga.Ft. Ticonderoga.

Strategically located & rich in military supplies.Strategically located & rich in military supplies. Learned that Learned that Ethan AllenEthan Allen was also planning an attack. was also planning an attack. They joined forces and became known as the They joined forces and became known as the

___________________.___________________. Caught British by surprise and garrison surrendered.Caught British by surprise and garrison surrendered.

After Lex. & Concord, committees of After Lex. & Concord, committees of correspondence built militia up to 20,000 from correspondence built militia up to 20,000 from enlisting volunteers.enlisting volunteers.

Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill June 16, 1775June 16, 1775—about 1200 militia under command —about 1200 militia under command

from Colonel William Prescott set up at ___________ from Colonel William Prescott set up at ___________ and nearby ___________ across harbor from Boston.and nearby ___________ across harbor from Boston.

British wanted to drive them from the strategic location.British wanted to drive them from the strategic location. Formed @ bottom of Breed’s Hill & charged up it.Formed @ bottom of Breed’s Hill & charged up it. Militia was low on __________.Militia was low on __________.

Prescott shouted, Prescott shouted, “Don’t fire until you see the whites of “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”their eyes!”

Americans opened fire—British retreated.Americans opened fire—British retreated. Redcoats charged 2 more times.Redcoats charged 2 more times. Militia ran out of gunpowder and had to withdraw.Militia ran out of gunpowder and had to withdraw.

British won Battle of Bunker Hill, but suffered ______ British won Battle of Bunker Hill, but suffered ______ dead and wounded!dead and wounded!

British quickly learned defeating Americans would not British quickly learned defeating Americans would not be easy.be easy.

Choosing SidesChoosing Sides

Loyalists--_______________________Loyalists--_______________________

_______________________________._______________________________. Patriots--_________________________Patriots--_________________________

_______________________________._______________________________.