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Chapter 8 Electronic Survey Measurement Dr. Maher A. El-Hallaq Lecturer of Surveying The Islamic University of Gaza
Chapter 8Electronic Survey Measurement
Dr. Maher A. El-HallaqLecturer of Surveying
The Islamic University of Gaza
• Introduction.• Parts of a total station.• Handling a total station.• Total station set up.• Coordinate calculation.• Total station field techniques.• Field procedure.
Contents
Introduction• Transits and theodolites were commonly used.
• Recently, total stations has replaced all instruments.
• Total station can accomplish all tasks much more efficiently.
• In addition, they can also measure distances accurately and quickly.
• Furthermore, they can make computations with angle and distance measurements.
• They can display the results in a real time.
• They are used for all types of surveys.
Total station = theodolite
+
built in EDM
+
built in data collector
+
microprocessor
Introduction
Measures and Records:Measures and Records:Horizontal Angles
Vertical Anglesand
Slope DistancesCalculates:Calculates:
Horizontal DistanceVertical Distance
Azimuths of LinesX,Y,Z Coordinates
Layoutetc.
Introduction
Parts Parts
of of
a total a total
stationstation
Parts Parts
of of
a total a total
stationstation
Parts Parts
of of
a total a total
stationstation
Parts Parts
of of
a total a total
stationstation
Parts of a total stationParts of a total station
1. The telescope.
2. The angle measurement system.
3. The vertical circle.
4. Rotation of the telescope.
5. The base of a total station.
6. The tribrach.
Parts of a total stationParts of a total station
7. An optical plummet.
8. A tripod.
9. The microprocessor.
10. The keyboard and display.
11. The communication ports.
Handling a total station
üShould be centered over the survey point.
üShould be leveled.- bull’s-eye bubble for preliminary leveling
- one plate bubble for precise leveling
Total station set up
Total station set up
Vertical coordinate z
hB = hA + HI + S sin v - HT
v
Horizontal Coordinate (x,y)
xk = xi +dik sin αik
yk = yi +dik cos αik
1. Point Location
Total station field techniques
2. Missing Line Measurement
Total station field techniques
3. Resection
Total station field techniques
4. Azimuth Calculation
Total station field techniques
5. Remote Object Elevation Calculation
Total station field techniques
6. Offset Measurement
Total station field techniques
7. Setting Out Positions
Total station field techniques
8. Area Computation
Total station field techniques
Parameter Input
1. Angle units: degrees
2. Distance units: meters
3. Pressure units
4. Temperature units
5. Prism constant (usually – 0.03 m)
6. Automatic point number increments
Summary of typical total station characteristics
Parameter Input
7. Height of instrument (HI)
8. Height of reflector (HR)
9. Point number and code number of occupied and
sighted stations
10. Date and time setting
Summary of typical total station characteristics
Capabilities
1. Monitor: battery status, axes status, collimation, etc
2. Compute coordinates: easting, northing, elevation
3. Traverse closure and adjustment and areas
4. Topography reduction
5. Object heights ROE
6. Missing line measurement
7. inversing
Summary of typical total station characteristics
Capabilities
8. Resection
9. Layout (setting out)
10. H and V collimation correction
11. Load external programs
12. Transfer data to the computer (download)
13. Transfer files to the data collector (upload)
Summary of typical total station characteristics
Initial Data Entry1. Project description
2. Date and crew
3. Temperature and pressure
4. Prism constant
5. Curvature and refraction settings
6. Number of measurement repetitions (angle or dist.)
7. Choice of imperial units for all data (ex: SI)
Field Procedure for total station
Survey Station Descriptors
Field Procedure for total station
Occupied Point Data Entry
1. Height of the Instrument
2. Station Number
3. Station Identification code
4. Coordinates of occupied station
5. Coordinates of backsight (BS) station
6. Description point data
Field Procedure for total station
Sighted Point Data Entry
1. Height of prism (reflector) HR
2. Station Number
3. Station Identification code
4. Description point data
Field Procedure for total station
Example
Field Procedure for total station
Automatic Target Recognition
THANK YOU
Questions
