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CH----O---C-----R
R= C12-C24 Hydrocarbon Chain
I I O
3
Biodiesel Molecule
Triglyceride Transesterification
A high viscosity fuel, such as raw vegetable
oil, will produce a larger drop of fuel in
an engine combustion chamber which may
not burn as clean as a fuel that produces a
smaller drop.
Biodiesel has a viscosity much closer
to diesel fuel than vegetable oil. This
helps produce a much smaller drop, which
burns cleaner.
300 gallons Yellow Grease x .6 = 180 gallons
180 gallons x 134,000 BTU’s = 24,120,000 BTU’s
180 gallons x 7.38 lbs. = 1,328 lbs.
1,328 lbs. x $0.16 = $212.54 ($1.18/gal.)
Types of Alternative Fuels•Dimethoxy Methane, Dimethyl Ether
•Thermal Depolymerization
•Biodiesel Oil; SAE Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME)
•Rapeseed Methyl Ester(RME)
•CNG, LNG, LPG (Traditional)
•Fischer-tropf Fuels, Biomass to Liquid(BTL), Sundiesel
•E-diesel
•P-Series
•Purinox
•Syngas, Nano-fuels
Biofuels and the Carbon Cycle
When the source of fuel is plant matter, organic material or biomass, the fuel is a renewable source of energy, an important distinction. A large part of the CO2 released during combustion is reclaimed during photosynthesis.The most readily available and successful biofuels in the marketplace today are ethanol and biodiesel.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GGE)
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Projected Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions
CO2 Concentrations As Observed, 1958 through 2002
Cold War Technology
Carbon Sequestration
Geologic Approaches to Sequestration
•Oil and Gas Reservoirs
•Coal Bed Methane
•Saline Formation
Ocean Approaches
CO2 is soluble in ocean water, and through natural processes the oceans both absorb and emit huge amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. It is widely believed that the oceans will eventually absorb most of the CO2 in the atmosphere. However, ocean uptake is unacceptably slow.
•Stimulate growth of phytoplankton by adding micronutrients and macronutrients
•Direct injection of CO2
Terrestrial Approaches
•Forest lands
•Agricultural lands
•Biomass croplands
•Restoration of degraded lands and deserts
•Boreal wetlands and peatlands
Nanotechnology
Infrastructure$/Kw
Biofuels are an important component of Carbon
Sequestration