Date post: | 02-Jun-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | pujiardarita |
View: | 239 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 46
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
1/46
1 -1
An electronic
presentation byDouglas CloudPepperdine University
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
2/46
1 -2
Task F orce Clip Ar tincluded in this electronic
presentation is used withthe permission of NewVision Technology of
Nepean Ontario, Canada.
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
3/46
1 -3
Introduction:The Role,
H istory, andDirection of
M anagementAccounting
CHAPTER
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
4/46
1 -4
1. Discuss the need for management accountinginformation.
2. Differentiate between management accountingand financial accounting.
3. Provide a brief historical description ofmanagement accounting.
4. Identify the current focus of managementaccounting.
Objectives
After studying thischapter, you should
be able to:
Continued
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
5/46
1 -5
5. Describe the role of management accountants inan organization.
6. Explain the importance of ethical behavior formanagers and management accountants.
7. List three forms of certification available tomanagement accountants.
Objectives
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
6/46
1 -6
1. To provide information for costing outservices, products, and other objects ofinterest to management.
2. To provide information for planning,controlling, evaluating, and continuousimprovement.
3. To provide information for decisionmaking.
The managerial accounting system has three
broad objectives:
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
7/46
1 -7
OutputsProcessesInputs
Economic Events
CollectingMeasuring
StoringAnalyzingReportingManaging
Special ReportsProduct Costs
Customer CostsBudgets
Performance ReportsPersonal Communication
Users
Management AccountingInformation System
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
8/46
1 -8
The M anagement Process is defined by thefollowing activities:
PlanningControlling
Decision Making
Planning requires
setting objectivesand identifyingmethods to achievethose objectives.
Management Process
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
9/46
1 -9
The M anagement Process is defined by thefollowing activities: Controlling is
the managerialactivity ofmonitoring aplansimplementationand takingcorrective actionas needed.
PlanningControlling
Decision Making
Management Process
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
10/46
1 -10
The M anagement Process is defined by thefollowing activities:
PlanningControlling
Decision Making
Control isusually achievedwith the use offeedback.
Management Process
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
11/46
1 -11
Feedback is informationthat can be used to evaluate
or correct the steps beingtaken to implement a plan.
Management Process
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
12/46
1 -12
The M anagement Process is defined by thefollowing activities:
Decisionmaking isthe process
of choosingamongcompetingalternatives.
PlanningControlling
Decision Making
Management Process
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
13/46
1 -13
Work of Management
Planning
Controlling
Directing and
Motivating
NextPage
ClickHere
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
14/46
1 -14
Planning and Control Cycle
DecisionMaking
Formulating Long-andShort-Term Plans(Planning)
MeasuringPerformance(Controlling)
Implementingthe Plans
(Directing andMotivating)
Comparing Actualto
Planned Performance(Controlling)
Begin
NextPage
ClickHere
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
15/46
1 -15
Differentiate BetweenManagement Accounting and
Financial Accounting
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
16/46
1 -16 Managerial Accountingand Financial Accounting
Managerial accountingprovides informationfor managers of anorganization whodirect and control
its operations.
Financial accountingprovides information
to stockholders,creditors and others
who are outsidethe organization.
NextPage
ClickHere
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
17/46
1 -17 Management Accounting Financial Accounting
1. Internally focused 1. Externally focused
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
18/46
1 -18
Managementaccountingfocuses on providing
information forinternal users.
Targeted Users
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
19/46
1 -19
ABCCompany
AnnualReport
Financialaccounting focuses
on providedinformation forexternal users.
Targeted Users
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
20/46
1 -20 Management Accounting Financial Accounting
1. Internally focused 1. Externally focused2. No mandatory rules 2. Must follow externally
imposed rules
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
21/46
1 -21
Restrictions on Inputs and Processes
Management accounting is not subjectto the requirements of generallyaccepted accounting principles.
Financial accounting reporting mustfollow the accounting procedures set by
the SEC and the FASB.
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
22/46
1 -22 Management Accounting Financial Accounting
1. Internally focused 1. Externally focused2. No mandatory rules 2. Must follow externally
imposed rules3. Financial and
nonfinancial informa-tion; subjectiveinformation possible
3. Objective financialinformation
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
23/46
1 -23
Types of Information
The restrictions imposed onfinancial accounting tend to
produce objective and verifiablefinancial information.
For management accounting, thefinancial or nonfinancial
information may be much moresubjective in nature.
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
24/46
1 -24 Management Accounting Financial Accounting
1. Internally focused 1. Externally focused2. No mandatory rules 2. Must follow externally
imposed rules3. Financial and
nonfinancial informa-tion; subjectiveinformation possible
3. Objective financialinformation
4. Emphasis on the future 4. Historical orientation
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
25/46
1 -25
Time Orientation
Management
accounting stronglyemphasizes providinginformation about
future events.
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
26/46
1 -26
Financialaccounting recordsand reports eventsthat have already
happened.
Time Orientation
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
27/46
1 -27 Management Accounting Financial Accounting
1. Internally focused 1. Externally focused2. No mandatory rules 2. Must follow externally
imposed rules3. Financial and
nonfinancial informa-tion; subjectiveinformation possible
3. Objective financialinformation
4. Emphasis on the future 4. Historical orientation5. Internal evaluation and
decisions based on verydetail information
5. Information about thefirm as a whole
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
28/46
1 -28
Managementaccounting provides
measures and internalreports used theevaluate performance ofentities, product lines,
departments, andmanagers.
Degree of Aggregation
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
29/46
1 -29
Financialaccounting focuses
on overall firm performance.
Degree of Aggregation
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
30/46
1 -30 Management Accounting Financial Accounting
1. Internally focused 1. Externally focused2. No mandatory rules 2. Must follow externally
imposed rules3. Financial and
nonfinancial informa-tion; subjectiveinformation possible
3. Objective financialinformation
4. Emphasis on the future 4. Historical orientation5. Internal evaluation and
decisions based on verydetail information
5. Information about thefirm as a whole
6. Broad, multidisciplinary 6. More self-contained
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
31/46
1 -31
Management accounting is much broader than financial accounting.
It includes aspects of managerialeconomics, industrial engineering,
and management science.
Breadth
Hi t i l D i ti f
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
32/46
1 -32 Historical Description ofManagement Accounting
1880 - 1925 Most of the product-costing and internalaccounting procedures used in this centurywere developed
1925 Emphasis of inventory costing for externalreporting
1950s/60s Effort to improve the managerialusefulness of traditional cost systems
1980s/90s Significant efforts have been made toradically change the nature and practice ofmanagement accounting
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
33/46
1 -33
Current Focus of Management Accounting
Activity-Based Management
Activity-based management is a system
wide, integrated approach that focusesmanagements attention on activities with the
objective of improving customer value and
the resulting profit.
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
34/46
1 -34
Current Focus of Management Accounting
Customer Orientation
Customer value is the difference between
what the customer receives (customersatisfaction) and what the customer gives up
(customer sacrifice).
What is received is called the total product.
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
35/46
1 -35
Current Focus of Management Accounting
Strategic Positioning
Strategic cost management is the use of cost data
to develop and identify superior strategies thatwill produce a sustainable competitive advantage.
Strategies:
1) Cost leadership2) Superior products through differentiation
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
36/46
1 -36
Current Focus of Management Accounting
Value-Chain Framework
The internal value chain is the set of activities
required to design, develop, produce, market,and deliver products and services to customers.
The industrial value chain is the linked set ofvalue-creating activities from basic raw
materials to the disposal to the final products byend-use customers.
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
37/46
1 -37
Supermarkets
Value Chain:Apple Industry
Planting andCultivating
Harvesting
Distribution ofApples
ApplesauceProduction
ApplesauceDistribution
FirmB
FirmC
FirmA
Product Disposal
End-Use Customer
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
38/46
1 -38
Managing the value chain meansthat a management accountant
must understand many functionsof the business, from
manufacturing to marketing.
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
39/46
1 -39
The philosophy of total qualitymanagement is to manufacture
perfect products.
This emphasis on quality has
created a demand for managementaccounting systems that provide
financial and nonfinancialinformation about quality.
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
40/46
1 -40
The role ofmanagement
accountants in anorganization is one
of support.
Partial Organization Chart
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
41/46
1 -41 Partial Organization Chart,Manufacturing Company
President
ProductionVice President
Line Function
FinancialVice President
Staff Function
ProductionSupervisor
MachiningForeman
AssemblyForeman
Controller Treasurer
InternalAudit Cost Financial Systems
Tax
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
42/46
1 -42
EthicalBehavior
Michael Josephsons* Ten Ethical Values: Honesty
IntegrityPromise keeping
Fidelity
Fairness
Caring for others
Respect for othersResponsiblecitizenship
Pursuit of excellenceAccountability
*Michael Josephson, Teaching Ethical Decision Making and Principled
Reasoning
3
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
43/46
1 -43
CMA: One of the main pur poses of the CM A was to establishmanagement accounting as a recognized, professionaldiscipline, separate f rom the profession of publicaccounting.
CPA: The responsibil i ty of a CPA is to provide assurance
concerni ng the rel iabil i ty of f inancial statements.CIA: The focus of the CI A is to recognize competency in
internal auditi ng rather than external auditi ng as withthe CPA.
Professional Certifications
1 44
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
44/46
1 -44
The CMA
Four areas emphasized on the exam:
1) Economics, finance, and management2) Financial accounting and reporting
3) Management report, analysis, and behavioralissues
4) Decision analysis and information systems
1 45
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
45/46
1 -45
The End
Chapter One
1 46
8/10/2019 ch01 akuntansi manajemen
46/46
1 -46