Chapter 06 The System Unit

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Competencies

After you have read this chapter must be able to:

1. Discuss microprocessors, including microprocessor chips and specialty processors

2. Discuss memory including RAM, ROM, and flash memory

6. Discuss expansion slots and cards

7. Describe five principal types of expansion buses

8. Compare standard, specialized, and legacy ports

9. Discuss power supply for desktop and notebook computers

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System Unit components show this video

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System Unit components

• System Chassis.

• System board(Motherboard).

• Microprocessor.

• Memory.

• Socket.

• Bus Lines.

• Expansion Slots.

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System Board

System Board

Also known as the main board or motherboard

Controls communications for the

entire computer system.

Connects all system components

and allows input and output devices

to communicate with system unit.

Allows communication between

devices.

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System Board

• Circuit board components:

• System Board Located in the system unit, consists of a large flat circuit board covered with a variety of deferent electronic components including:

1) Sockets

2) Slots

3) Bus lines

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System Board • Circuit board components:

1. Sockets:

Provide a connection point for small specialized electronic part called Chips.

Chips consists of tiny ( صغيرة ) circuit board لوحة دوائر

محفورا etched الكترونية onto squares of sandlike material called silicon.

A Chip is also called a silicon chip , semiconductor or integrated Circuit.

Chips are mounted on carrier packages.

Sockets: Used to connect the system board to a variety of deferent type of chips , including microprocessor and memory chips .

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System Board • Circuit board components:

2. Slots:

Provided a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards these cards provide expansion capability for a computer system .

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System Board • Circuit board components:

3) Bus lines :

Provide pathways that support communication among the various electronic components that either located on the system board or attached to the system board

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Microprocessor

Microprocessor Chips

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)or processor

Is a contained on a single chip called the Microprocessor.

has two Basic Components:

1. Control unit:

• Tells the rest ( باقي )of computer system how to carry out (تنفيذ) a Program instructions.

• Directs the movement of electronic signals flow between memory and Arithmetic-Logic Unit

• Directs control signals flow between CPU and I/O devices

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Microprocessor Chips

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)or processor :

2. Arithmetic-Logic Unit – ALU:

• Perform Two types of operations • Arithmetic operation +, -, * , …et • Logical operation <, = , ….et.

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Microprocessor Chips

• Microprocessor Chips:

• Chip capacities are expressed in word sizes

A word is the number of bits )16,32,64 bits) that can be accessed at one time by the CPU.

• 8 bits= 1 byte.

• 32- bits- ward computer can access (يمكن الوصول) 4bytes at a time.

• 64 bits- ward computer can access 8bytes at a time.

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Microprocessor Chips

• Microprocessor Chips:

The processing speed of a microprocessor represented by its clock speed.

clock speed :represents the number of times the CPU can fetch(جلب ) and process data or instructions in a second.

• Older computers process data and instructions in millionths of a second – microseconds

• Newer computers: • Nanoseconds– microcomputers • Picoseconds– supercomputers

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Microprocessor Chips

• Microprocessor Chips: The Two significant developments (التطورات المهمة ) are 64-bit

processors& Multi-Core Chips:

• 64-bit processors:

• Have become standard for most of today’s desktop and laptop computers.

• Multi-Core Chips:

• Can provide two separate and independent CPUs يمكن ان توفر )

These chip allow a single computer .المستقلة والمنفصلة CPUاثنين من to run two or more operation at the same time.

• Parallel Processing.

• divide tasks into parts that can be distributed across each core

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