Ch1 e3 e4 Ews Ngsdh Concepts

8/12/2019 Ch1 e3 e4 Ews Ngsdh Concepts

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E3E3--E4 (E&WS)E4 (E&WS)

NGSDH CONCEPTSNGSDH CONCEPTS

For internal circulation of BSNL only


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MIGRATION TOWARDS NGSDH

Since the turn of 20th century, Telecommunicationhas shifted from the traditional voice transport to datatransport, although digitized voice is still a large

Contributor in revenue share.

In order to enable the additional data related

transport the need of time to migrate towards NGSDH



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REVIEW OF SDH

The SDH MUXs were designed to transport thevoice signals.

Because of their nature of multiplexing they arereferred as Time Division Multiplexers.

An additional advantage of design of SDH is itsmultiplexing structure, where PDH tributary signals

are mapped as payload into containers.



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REVIEW OF SDH (Continued)

The original set of payload container for the SDH setof virtual Containers are VC-4, VC-3 and VC-12.

These containers provide a wide range of payloadcapacities from 2 Mbit/s up to 149.76 Mbits /s.

These available payload sizes containers weresufficient to transport PDH multiplexes from 2.488

Mbit/s (E1) up to the 139.264 Mbit/s (E4) .



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SDH INITIAL MUX STRUCTURE

CC

Pointer processing multiplexing

Aligning

Mapping

DS1 E1 DS2 E3/DS3 E4

C-11 C-12 C-2 C-3 C-4

VC-11 VC-12 VC-2 VC-3

TU-11 TU-12 TU-2 TU-3

TUG-2

TUG-3

VC-4

AU-4

AUG-1

STM-1

x4 x3 x1

x7

x1

x3

x3

x1

x1



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REVIEW OF SDH (Continued)These containers along with their own timinginformation and OA&M overhead are transported asindependent virtual containers in SDH network.

The multiplex structure of SDH is also designed totake care of higher order multiplexers to meet thedemand of transporting more and more payload.

To take care of the demand of further increased

bandwidth the concept of Concatenation wasintroduced.



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To meet the demand of higher SDH multiplexing,ITU-T has extended the concept of existingmultiplexes structures. Similar to PDH multiplexing schemes, each nexthigher order Multiplexer in SDH has a four timeslarger payload transport Capacities than the previousmultiplex. The payload capacities of these new highermultiplexes can also be used to transport a singlecontiguous payload container. This methodology is called Concatenation.

PAYLOAD CONTAINER CONCATINATION



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SDH EXTENDED MUX STRUCTURE

CC

Pointer processing multiplexing

Aligning

Mapping

DS1 E1 DS2 E3/DS3 E4

C-11 C-12 C-2 C-3 C-4

VC-11 VC-

12

VC-2 VC-3

TU-11 TU-12 TU-2 TU-3

TUG-2

TUG-3

VC-4

AU-4

AUG-1

STM-1

x4 x3

x1

x7

x1

x3

x3

x1

x1

C-4-4c C-4-16c

C-4-64C C-4-256C

VC-4-4c VC-4-16c VC-4-64c VC-4-256c

AU-4-4c AU-4-16c AU-4-64c AU-4-256c

AUG-4

AUG-16

AUG-64

AUG-256

STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 STM-256

x4x4

x4

x4

x4

x1 x1 x1 x1

x1 x1 x1 x1

Contiguous Concatenation

Higher order multiplexes



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THE STATUS TODAY

SDH - is the deployed technology in the core networkwith huge investments in capacity!

Ethernet - is the dominant technology of choice atLANs and well known at all enterprises worldwide!

Data traffic is still growing, but only at a slower speedthan expected

All network topologies focusing on a IP/EthernetONLY approach are shifted to long-term future.



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Mass market Carrier Class marketAsynchronous Synchronous

Dynamic Bandwidth Fixed Bandwidth

Connection less Connection oriented

Best Effort Service High Quality of Servic

ETHERNET VS. SDHEthernet SDH

How to solve all these challenges?



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THE FUTURE TODAY : Bring SDH and Ethernet together!

This requirements leads towards

Next Generation SDH



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SONET/SDH

S O N E T M U X / D E M U X

N a

t i v e

I n t e r f a c e s

NEXT GENERATION SDH

Edge

?

Thats New SDH Thats New SDH Thats New SDH Thats New SDH

VC

VirtualConcatenation

LCAS

LinkCapacity

AdjustmentScheme

GFP

GenericFrame

Procedure

LAPS

Ethernet

Ficon

Escon

FibreChannel

Edge CoreAdaptation

Customer Operator



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HIGH ORDER VCATHIGH ORDER VCAT High Order VCAT applies concatenation at higherHigh Order VCAT applies concatenation at higher

order path by adjoining VCorder path by adjoining VC- -3 or VC3 or VC--4 for SDH.4 for SDH.

It can be used to transport higher order dataIt can be used to transport higher order datasuch as 1Gbps / 10such as 1Gbps / 10 GbpsGbps Ethernet traffic.Ethernet traffic.

Low Order VCAT applies concatenation at lowerLow Order VCAT applies concatenation at lowerorder path by adjoining VCorder path by adjoining VC- -12 for SDH.12 for SDH.

It can be used to transport lower order data such asIt can be used to transport lower order data such as10/100 Mbps Ethernet traffic.10/100 Mbps Ethernet traffic.



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VC NOMENCLATURE

VC-nVirtual Container n

n=4, 3, 2, 12, 11

Defines the type ofvirtual containers,

which will be virtually

concatenated.

-XNumber of

virtuallyconcatenated

containers

All X Virtual Containersform together the Virtual

Concatenated Group(VCG )

vIndictor for

VirtualConcatenation

v = virtualconcatenationc = contiguous

concatenation

Virtual Concatenated Group (VCG) of X VC-n containers!



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LINK ADJUSTMENT SCHEME What is LCASLCAS ?

Link capacity adjustment scheme

Provides a mechanism for hitless increase ordecrease of VCG size Adding or removing of a container to a VC-x-nv

group is carried out with LCAS LCAS without affecting thetraffic.

LCAS LCAS guarantees the continuous availability of theservice without traffic interruption with reducedbandwidth.



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LCAS ADVANTAGES

Dynamic Scalability : Allows bandwidth to be

dynamically tuned in small increments on demand to

match desired data rate and avoid wastage. Efficiency : Allows more efficient usage of an

existing networks available bandwidth by trimmingbandwidth to match the subscribers work schedules.



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LCAS ADVANTAGES ( Continued)

Compatibility : Backward compatible to VirtuallyConcatenated services not offering LCAS. Inter

working between LCAS and non-LCAS nodes isfacilitated.

Resiliency : Individual members of a virtuallyconcatenated group can be routed as diversely as

possible across a network. So if one member is lost,

the others are likely to be operational albeit with a

reduced bandwidth.



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ETHERNET PATH PROTECTIONWITH LCAS

10 Mbps traffic is provided by giving6 Mbps (3 VC-12) along the blue pathand 4 Mbps (2 VC-12) along the red

path between the ingress and egressnode. In case of failure as shown in the

figure the bandwidth would come

down to 4 Mbps without the trafficbeing affected. This would provide protection for at

least 4 Mbps of traffic even when

there is a fiber cut and hence acheaper solution compared to fullprotection but clear differentiatorcompared to unprotected connection.

6 Mbps

4 Mbps

10 Mbps4 Mbps



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There are two types of GFP protocols:

GFP-T: optimized for low-latencyapplications as in Storage Area Networks

GFP-F: optimized for IP, Ethernet andMPLS traffic

Generic Framing Procedure



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Benefit :Internetworking

SONET/SDHVendor A

SONET/SDHVendor B

End-to-end SONET/SDH path

A Network

B Network

Generic Framing Procedure



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Ch1 e3 e4 Ews Ngsdh Concepts

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