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Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Chapter 28
Posters and Presentations
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
• Publications
• Presentations
• Posters
Types of Scientific Communication
Poster = Visual way to show your workPoster = Visual way to show your work
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Content of a Poster Presentation
Include:• Title• (Abstract)• Introduction• (Materials and Methods)• Results• Conclusion• (References)• (Acknowledgements)
Design the poster around your research question Design the poster around your research question
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Poster Organization
• Concentrate only on the main points in each section
• Let illustrations tell the story
• Vary size and spacing of the poster sections
• Aim for about 20% text, 40% graphics, and 40% empty space
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Poster Layouts
T i t l e a n d A u t h o r s T i t l e a n d A u t h o r s
T i t l e a n d A u t h o r s
Horizontal
Symmetrical
Vertical
Asymmetrical
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Background:• Use no more than two or three colors in the background • Avoid designs in background
Color:• Use consistent font and colors • Use conservative colors • Use good contrast
Font:• Use large font (24–48 pts)
This is OK This is OK
This is not OK This is not OK
This is OK
Background, Color, and Format of Posters
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Lettering should be easy to read
48 point
36 point24 point
18 point
14 point
12 point
10 point
8 point
Posters
Slides
TitlesTextFootnotes
Journals
Poster Font Size
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
WORDS ARE HARDER TO READ AND TAKE
UP MORE SPACE
Words are harder to read
and take more space
Avoid blocks of capital letters
Poster Font Type
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
• Use an interesting title
• Use a small amount of text
• Structure layout to guide readers
• Break text visually; make it readily available
• Use left justification
• Use active voice
• Proofread carefully
Poster Text Format
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Readability
• Large enough lettering and symbols
• Easy to distinguish symbol shapes
• Uncluttered graphs
Emphasis• Highlight important information (data)• Use different line weights:
curves—darkest letters in axis labels—less darkaxes, tick marks, error bars, keys, and curve labels—least
dark
Figures > Tables > Text
Figures > Tables > Text
Visual Aids on Posters
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
printed figures ≠ slide figures ≠ poster figures
S.p.xS.p.
S.f.xS.p.
S.f.xS.f.
Poster Figures
Title and brief legendTitle and brief legend
Per
cent
of
ST
EM
gra
duat
es
Figure X. Percent of STEM majors graduating in scientific disciplines in China, the US and in Germany over the past two decades. Although roughly twice as many students initially declare a major in a STEM field in US univrsities, less than half of them graduate in the field and graduation numbers are declining. STEM graduates include male and females students finishing a four-year degree from a public or private university in each country. The survey spanned 420 universities in the US, 382 in Germany and 764 in China. Numbers were averaged by students that declared a stem major by the end of the first year of their studies.
We surveyed male and female students for STEM majors at 420 universities in the US, 382 in Germany and 764 in China finishing a four-year degree from a public or private university. Numbers are averaged by students that declared a STEM major by the end of the first year of their studies.
Per
cent
of
ST
EM
gra
duat
es
STEM graduates in China, the US, and in Germany
Per
cent
of
ST
EM
gra
duat
es
STEM graduates in China, the US, and in Germany
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
AbstractTo examine the food requirements of cardinals, we assessed the feeding frequency as well as the amount and type of food taken at feeders. We found that cardinals require on average 20 meals of 25g a day during spring, summer, and fall. Their preferred food source consists of black sunflower seeds. During winter, birds needed about 33% more food per day. When feeding chicks, males and females both required 55% more seeds. Thus, it is important to offer more food to cardinals during winter and when they are rearing chicks.
PurposePurpose
ApproachApproach
Main Findings
Main Findings
ImportanceImportance
Sample Poster AbstractNo references
No references
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Question/Purpose
Question/Purpose
Background
Background
ProblemProblem
ApproachApproach
Introduction
The landscape of the Middle East has been altered by human activity for most of the Holocene period. Rapid population growth, political conflict, and water scarcity are common throughout the area. All of these factors increase the region’s vulnerability to potentially negative impacts of climate change while decreasing the likelihood of successfully emerging region-wide adaptation strategies. In this study, we analyzed climate change in the Middle East during the 21st century as predicted by 18 Global Climate Models. The simulations were run as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) and used the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A2 emission scenario.
Sample Poster Introduction
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Sample Poster Experimental Approach
24 hrsDark
Mechanism of UV MutagenesisUV light exposure, 30”
Culture of P. patens
Isolate protoplasts according to [2]
Media containing 0 - 2μM NAAVisually select phenotypic mutants
Screen for effects of auxin according to [3]
Classify mutants as described [4]
Visual Presentation
Visual Presentation
Few wordsFew words
Structure leads readers
through
Structure leads readers
through
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Figure 1. Mean change in annual temperature and precipitation. There is high agreement amongst the global climate models for the predicted temperature change and significant disagreement for the predicted precipitation change.
ResultsSection titleSection title
Results presented as visual, not
text
Results presented as visual, not
text
Figure legend with title and
data interpretation
Figure legend with title and
data interpretation
Sample Poster Result Section
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Conclusions•Mean annual temperatures will increase by ~4K by the late 21st century.
•Changes in precipitation are more variable; the largest change is a precipitation decrease over an area covering the Eastern Mediterranean and Turkey.
•Changes in precipitation will have a significant impact on fresh water resources
Bullet point presentationBullet point presentation
Main findings
only
Main findings
only
Sample Poster Conclusion
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
• Be at your poster during the assigned poster session
• Arrive at least 15 min early
• Dress professionally
• Check set-up
• Hide personal items
• Put handouts, business cards and reprints nearby
Poster Presentation
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
• Have a 5- to 10-min talk prepared
• Answer questions and tell viewers about your work
• Identify everything on the poster
• Focus on graphics
• Do not read the poster
• Avoid distracting tics
Giving the Presentation
Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press
Sample Poster