CH403 Organic Chemistry Basics - jcemol.cup.uni-muenchen.de

CH403 Organic Chemistry

Basics

UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Semester 1 2008/2009

Scheme: Strathclyde Standard 2003

and after Credits: 10 Level: Level 4

Location: John Anderson Elective: NE - Not Offered As An

Elective

Mode Of

Delivery: Attendance

Department: Pure And Applied Chemistry

Faculty: Faculty Of Science

Credit Rating Equivalence

Credit Scheme Credits Level

European Credit Transfer Scheme 5 Not Applicable

Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before 1 Advanced

Teaching Components

Timetabled Components - ACADEMIC YEAR 2008/2009

NB: Lecture details are shown below, attendance at practical and/or tutorial events may also be

required.

Activity Type Component

Lecture A

It is assumed that a student will participate in one offering (series) of each of the above

components.

Teaching Component Offering Times

Lectures

Component Series Day Start End Weeks Building Room

A 1 Tuesday 12:00 13:00 wk 1-23 THOMAS GRAHAM C61

A 1 Thursday 12:00 13:00 wk 1-23 THOMAS GRAHAM C61

NB: Rooms and times are subject to change.

Staff

Contact: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Organiser: Dr Debra Willison, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Overview

Aims:

To survey some of a series of contemporary organoelemental techniques that have been developed

for use

in organic synthesis.

To highlight a further selection of developing methods and strategies in organic chemistry and to

link the

new synthetic methods to both mechanistic understanding and the practical processes employed.

To reinforce the use of retrosynthetic analysis as a method by which organic synthesis can be

planned

and, in so doing, show how the use of the delineated techniques can be embedded within synthetic

pathways.

To examine the use of these techniques and strategies, where they have been applied, in target

molecule

synthesis.

To apply the techniques being covered within chemical problem solving sessions.

To discuss prostereoisomerism and outline the nomenclature protocols.

To exemplify prostereoisomerism in enzymatic processes.

To detail stereoselective and stereospecific processes.

Briefly overview thermodynamic principles of selectivity.

Briefly overview methods of measuring chirality.

Syllabus

Topics

1-8 Use of Organoelemental Reagents in Synthesis

This will expand on the introduction to this general area as covered in the 3rd Year and will include

more advanced aspects of organoboron chemistry (e.g. carbonylation reactions and use of

alkynes),

organosilicon chemistry (e.g. further use of allyl and vinyl silane [including aspects of regio-and

stereoselectivity], organophosphorus chemistry (e.g. E- and Z-selective olefinations, conversion of

aldehydes to alkynes), orgnosufur chemistry (e.g. selectivity in use of sulfonium ylides and

Shapiro-

type processes), and organoselenium chemistry. Within this area and as part of the problem

solving

sessions, aspects of retrosynthetic analysis using these and other (previously covered) reagents

will be

embedded within the lectures.

9-12 Contemporary Reagents for Use in Synthesis.

Alternative contemporary alkene forming processed and a range of selective oxidation and

reduction

processes will be delineated. The synthetic methods will be linked to mechanistic understanding

and

the practical techniques used. Again, problem solving sessions will illustrate how these (and

previously

covered) techniques can be used in synthetic organic sequences.

12-17 Overview of techniques for studying organic reaction mechanisms.

Product studies, stereochemical outcomes, isotopic labelling, kinetic measurements, chemical and

physical trapping of intermediates and the Favorskii rearrangement, photochemical intermediates

and

matrix isolation.

Frontier Orbital Theory, Woodward-Hoffmann Rules, pericyclic reactions: cycloadditions,

sigmatropic and electrocyclic reactions.

18-20 Re-introduction of chirality and prostereoisomerism discussed in terms of hydride addition to

prochiral

and chiral carbonyl compounds and some basic definitions (ee, dr, de, kinetic resolution).

Selectivity

and Specificity: Steric & co-ordination control, mechanistic control, stereoelectronic control (Felkin

Ahn

and chelation models, relative topicity) thermodynamic/kinetic control. Thermodynamic principles

of

selectivity. Measurement of chirality, polarimetry NMR shift reagents and chromatography.

Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes:

Level 4

To develop an understanding of the mechanism and reactivity principles involved in the use of

more advanced organoelemental reagents (including organoboron, -silicon, -phophorus, ?sulfur,

and ?selenium compounds).

To develop an understanding of the regio- and stereoselectivity that can be achieved in organic

synthesis by the use of such organoelemental methods.

To establish an understanding and awareness of the continually evolving nature of organic

chemistry by the introduction of new and developing methods in organic chemistry (e.g. mild and

selective oxidations and reductions, emerging olefination techniques, and hypervalent-iodide

derived methods).

To build a knowledge base of the chief characteristics of such organoelemental species and other

contemporary reagents that overlays the knowledge base obtained from earlier stages of the

chemistry course and, in particular, that covered in Year 3 (and 4).

To develop an understanding of the mechanism and reactivity principles involved in the use of the

new and developing methods and to establish the levels of selectivity that can be achieved by the

use of such techniques.

To develop problem solving abilities in a range of synthetic contexts by applying the advanced

preparative techniques delineated as part of this programme.

To further extend and develop an understanding of the transferable principles of organic chemistry,

in particular with regards synthetic strategies involving polyfunctional molecules.

To further develop the application of knowledge and understanding to the solution of problems and

to the prediction of chemical properties of previously unseen compounds or reactions.

Be able to assign prostereoisomeric groups and faces using stereochemical nomenclature.

Be aware of the methods of controlling stereoselective and stereospecific processes and be able to

apply these to synthetic transformations.

Understand the thermodynamic principles of selectivity.

Be aware of the methods of measuring chirality with an appreciation of the

advantages/disadvantages of each method.

Level 5

To develop abilities to establish an appreciation of a range of distinct reagents and techniques that

have the abilities to perform similar synthetic transformations and, by taking an overview, to

develop the abilities to discern the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the individual

reagents and techniques.

For a given synthetic transformation or series of transformations, to develop the abilities to reason

whether a given reagent/technique or reagents/techniques would be used over alternative reagents

or methods.

To develop a proficiency in manipulating a variety of organic structural formulae with an emphasis

on polyfunctional organic compounds.

To further develop the application of knowledge and understanding to the solution of problems and

to the prediction of chemical properties of previously unseen compounds or reactions.

CH404 Cage And Cluster Molecules

Basics





Elective

Mode Of






European Credit Transfer Scheme 2.5 Not Applicable

Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before .5 Advanced

Teaching Components



required.


Lecture A

Lecture B


components.


Lectures


A 1 Wednesday 09:00 10:00 wk 7 THOMAS GRAHAM C61

A 1 Monday 09:00 10:00 wk 7-12 THOMAS GRAHAM C61

B 1 Friday 09:00 10:00 wk 7-12 THOMAS GRAHAM C61


Staff


Overview

Aims

To introduce students to the fundamental importance of cage and cluster molecules in chemistry.

To gain an appreciation of the widespread importance of organolithium compounds as

indispensable reagents for synthesis. To gain an understanding of the preparation, structural

principles and general reaction chemistry of key cage and cluster molecules.

Syllabus

Topics

1-2 Basics of organolithium chemistry: general preparative methods; synthetic applications of and

selectivity

patterns of lithium alkyls, lithium amides, and mixed-metal superbases.

3-4 Principles of aggregation and solvation in organolithium compounds. Electron-deficient

bonding, tetrameric

and hexameric cages, polymers and other oligomers. Ring-stacking and ring-laddering.

5 Dynamic structures in solution. Structural rearrangements. The role of the metal in synthetic

applications ? a case study of the aldol reaction.

6-7 Cluster molecules. Common geometries. Electron -precise, -deficient and -rich clusters. Boron

hydride

clusters. Electron-counting and Wade?s rules. Carborane and metallocarborane clusters.

8-9 Transition metal clusters. Osmium carbonyl species, high-nuclearity clusters, electron-counting

rules,

capping rule, clusters with encapsulated heteroatoms. Zintl clusters: group 14 and 15 anions

(Ge94-,

Sn94-, Sn82-, Pb52-).

10 Buckminsterfullerene and fullerene chemistry. General properties. Reactivity. Organometallic

derivatives.

Endohedra clusters.

Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course the student should be able to:

Have an appreciation of the complexity and breadth of the structural chemistry of organolithium

compounds, both in the solid state and solution

Relate the reactivity and selectivity of organolithium reagents to their structures and bonding types

Understand the difference between cage and cluster compounds

Differentiate between electron-rich, electron-precise, and electron-deficient molecules

Rationalise and predict the structures of boron hydride and related clusters by applying Wade's

rules

Be familiar with the terms isoelectronic, isolobal, and frontier orbitals in relation to cluster

compounds

Adjust Wade's rules for electron counting in transition metal carbonyl and Zintl cluster compounds

Describe the preparation, structures, physical properties and reactivity of fullerene clusters

CH432 Transition Metal Chemistry

Basics




Location: John Anderson Elective: PE - Possible Elective

Mode Of








Teaching Components

Teaching Contact - Overview

Activity Type Total Contact Duration Units

Lecture 12 hour(s)

Practical 0 hour(s)

Tutorial 4 hour(s)


No Teaching Times found

Staff


Lecturer: Dr John Reglinski, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY


Overview

Aims

(a) To discuss advanced topics in the coordination and organometallic chemistry of the transition

metals,

including metal-metal bonding, cluster formation, ligand effects and small molecule activation, with

particular reference to the 4d, 5d and 4f elements.

(b) To discuss the influences of ligand properties.

Syllabus

Topics

1. Comparison of the 3d and 4d/5d elements. Thermodynamic aspects, lanthanide contraction.

Effect on

their chemistry; oxidation states, coordination numbers, bonding, and magnetic properties.

2-4 Metal-metal bonding. Orbital interactions leading to M-M bonding, M2 dimer. MO diagram,

electron

counting. Review of structural types. Bond orders. Review of species containing single to quadruple

bonds. Interchange of bond orders.

5-6 Metal halide clusters. Contrast MX2 (M = Cr, Mo, W). Bonding (electron deficiency), structural

types,

redox activity (including non-integral oxidation states).

7 Ligands, Bonding modes. Influence of steric and electronic properties. Exemplified by Phosphines

(Tolmans cone angles, substituents effects, chirality) and cyclopentadienyls (Substituents and rates

of

reaction).

8 Dioxygen as a ligand. MO diagram. Bonding Modes. Co, Rh, Ir systems. Reactivity versus

reversibility,

exemplified by M(PPh3)2(O2), (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Relation to biological oxygen transport, an example

of

ligand design.

9 Dinitrogen and its complexes. Towards N2 fixation. Bonding (comparison with CO) structural

types.

Preparation and reactivity (activation). Ti, V, Zr, Mo, W, Ru, Os complexes.

10 Bonding and reactivity of other inorganic fragments; examples from NO, NO2, CO2, CSe2, COS,

SO2.

11-12 C-H activation. Hydrogen migration, orthometallation, insertion reactions.

Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes At the end of the course the student should:

- have an appreciation of the similarities and the differences between the 3d and the 4d/5d

elements and an

understanding of the reasons behind them;

- have knowledge of the effect of physical differences on the chemical properties of these

elements;

- be able to understand why metal-metal bonding occurs;

- be able to describe the main structural types of metal-metal bonded species, in terms of

structures and

bonding;

- be able to calculate bond orders of metal-metal bonds and to understand the factors which can

cause the

bond order to change;

- have a knowledge of higher oxidation state halide and chalcogeride clusters;

- have an understanding of steric and electronic influences in ligand chemistry;

- have an appreciation of activation or stabilisation of organic and organic fragments and metal

centres;

- be able to give examples from N2-fixation, sublogical O2-transport, stabilisation of NO and CS,

C+H

activation.

CH407 Interpretative Spectroscopy

Basics





Elective

Mode Of








Teaching Components



required.


Lecture A


components.


Lectures





Staff



Overview

Aims

To review, using appropriate case histories, the use of a variety of spectroscopic and physical

techniques for the elucidation of structural information from chemical compounds. The extent of

available information and the limitations of each technique will be highlighted.

Syllabus

Topics

1 Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Revision of fundamentals of multi-pulse operation. Relaxation

times.

Spin-spin coupling. Satellite Spectra. 2nd Order Spectra.

2 Quadrupolar nuclei. Receptivity; line-width factor; quadrupolar relaxation time. Effects of

symmetry and

physical conditions on linewidths.

3 Chemical Shifts ? diamagnetic and paramagnetic shielding parameters. NMR of transition metal

nuclei.

NMR of paramagnetic species. Examples from a range of less common nuclei.

4 ESR Spectroscopy. Basics, electron spin in a magnetic field, selection rules, g-values and

hyperfine

coupling constants. Experimental considerations. Anisotropy. Examples from inorganic and organic

chemistry.

5 Magnetic properties of materials. Deviations from spin only behaviour: orbital contributions; 2nd

order spin-

orbit coupling.

6 Temperature dependence. Spin cross-over. Magnetic materials.

7 X-ray crystallography. Basics of diffraction. Bragg?s law. Unit cell; crystal system; Miller indices;

Space

groups.

8 The structure factor. Electron density. The Phase problem.

9 Structure solution. Direct methods. The Patterson function. Data refinement. Assessment of data

quality.

Practicalities ? crystal growth, quality and mounting. Data collection.

10 XAS. The X-ray absorption spectrum. Electron wave propagation: the equation. Backscattering:

amplitude,

phase shift, atomic motion. Obtaining structural information from the absorption spectrum.

Limitations of

that information.

Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes

- appreciate applications of NMR nuclei other than 1H and 13C.

- understand factors affecting ease of observation of NMR nuclei

- know the main differences between I = 1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei

- have an understanding of factors affecting linewidths in quadrupolar nuclei

- be aware of factors influencing chemical shifts

- be able to interpret NMR spectra with respect to chemical shifts, coupling patterns and linewidths

- Understand the underlying principles of ESR

- Know the significance of g-values, hyperfine coupling constants and anisotropy.

- Be able to interpret the form of ESR spectra

- Understand the basic magnetic phenomena and how temperature dependence arises

- Knowledge of deviation from spin only formula

- Be able to deduce ground terms from magnetic behaviour

- Have a basic understanding of diffraction.

- Be able to derive Bragg's law.

- Understand crystals, lattices, space groups.

- Have a basic understanding of the experimental aspects of crystallography

- Be able to understand the physical basis of X-ray absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)

- Be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of XAS as a technique

CH538 Molecular Catalysis

Basics




Location: John Anderson Elective: PE - Possible Elective

Mode Of








Teaching Components

Teaching Contact - Overview

Activity Type Total Contact Duration Units

Lecture 12 hour(s)

Practical 0 hour(s)

Tutorial 4 hour(s)



required.


Lecture A


components.


Lectures



A 1 Friday 12:00 13:00 wk 24-29 THOMAS GRAHAM C57


Staff


Lecturer: Dr Mark Spicer, PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY


Syllabus

Topics

1 Introduction to catalysis. Definitions. Thermodynamic and kinetic background. Homogeneous vs

heterogeneous catalysis.

2 Homogeneous catalysis. Organometallics in catalysis - catalytic cycles. Catalyst design (Trost).

3 - 7 Case Studies on catalyst development: metallocene polymerisation catalysts; Grubb's olefin

metathesis catalysts; hydrogenation catalysts; epoxidation catalysts; chiral catalysts.

8 Investigation of mechanism in catalytic processes: kinetics, isotopic labelling, spectroscopy.

9 Heterogeneous Catalysts. Advantages and disadvantages. Immobilisation of molecular catalysts

on

silica, polymers, resins etc. Examples.

10. Metallo-enzyme catalysts. Control of selectivity and activity. Simple molecular models. Vitamin

B12

Coenzyme; Ni/Fe Hydrogenase.

Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes At the end of the course the student should:

Understand the basic concepts of catalysis

Know the factors which influence catalyst activity and selectivity

Be able to construct catalytic cycles

Have a grasp of the application of different techniques to elucidation of mechanism of catalyst

action

Appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of immobilised catalysts

Have some knowledge of metallo-enzyme mediated catalysis

13364 Transferable Skills 3

Basics

UG/PG/CE: Undergraduate Semester: Both Semesters 2008/2009




Elective

Mode Of







Strathclyde Standard 2002 and before .5 Intermediate

Teaching Components

No Teaching details found

Staff



Overview

Aims

To improve presentation skills

To encourage group work

To raise students awareness of quality issues.

Syllabus

Content

1. Oral Presentation Skills

After a brief introductory session outlining good practice in oral presentations, each student will

prepare

and deliver an oral presentation on an experiment from the 3rd Year Laboratory classes. Each

presentation will be assessed by laboratory demonstrators/tutors.

2. Poster Presentations

The Poster Presentation Exercise provides the opportunity for students to develop written and

graphic

presentations skills and to extend and utilise their team abilities in a new, and chemically related,

context. Within teams of 5/6 students, this will involve the students producing a poster describing

an

important area of science; the topics available to the students will relate to significant

breakthroughs made

in the recent past. Each team will have an academic member of staff as their supervisor for the

unit and

each poster will be prepared within a limited time period. The students will be assessed by the

course

tutors and the academic supervisor throughout the duration of the unit. This assessment will be

based on

the individual and team performance of each student.

Quality Systems Workshop

These interactive workshops (2 x 2hrs) address issues of information quality and validity and how

these

may be formalised. Working in groups of 3/4 the students will be required to role-play, devise

strategy

and to summarise and report back their deliberations. Many of the issues covered in this

exercise will be encountered by students in their industrial placement year and this is an important

introduction. During the course of the exercise each student will complete a workbook which will be

assessed by the tutor.

Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes

By the end of the course the students should be able to:

i. Find information in books in the library

ii. Find information in periodicals in the library

iii. Present their findings in a clear and structured manner

iv. Consider quality issues in an industrial setting

v. Present chemical details in a clear and concise manner.

CH418 Inorganic Chemistry

Basics





Elective

Mode Of








Teaching Components



required.


Lecture A


components.


Lectures


A 1 Monday 12:00 13:00 wk 1-23 THOMAS GRAHAM C-

0123

A 1 Friday 12:00 13:00 wk 1-23 THOMAS GRAHAM C-

0123


Staff

No Staff details found

Syllabus

The Transition Metals.

1-2. Ligands in transition metal chemistry. Steric effects - ligand substituents, backbone and

geometry. Examples - Schiff's bases, tripodal ligands, macrocycles. Mono vs polydentate ligands.

3. Electronic effects. Metal ligand bonding modes, base strength, hard / soft acids and bases.

Examples in synthesis of metal complexes.

4-5. Reactions at metal centres; Substitution reactions. General mechanisms. Square planar

complexes, trans-effect. Ground state and transition state effects. Octahedral complexes. Rates of

reaction - inert, labile complexes. Influence on reaction rates. Cis-effect.

6-7 Redox reactions. Outer sphere mechanism. Activation energy, electron transfer. Inner sphere

mechanism. Bridging ligands, resonance vs chemical transfer.

The main group: Rings and Cages.

8. Mapping onto the lectures on macrocyles and crowns - inorganic ranges which are devoid of

carbon will be introduced.

9-10. A description of the synthesis and structure of homo-atomic ring systems, with special

emphasis on B-B, S-S, Al-N, and S-N systems.

11. Formation of cages. Description of how the more stable care motifs (e.g. adamanty) supersede

the formation of large rings.

12. Rings in Action: A description of the silicates.

13-14. Cages in Action: A description of the chemistry of Fullerenes.

Organometallics

15. Organometallic chemistry. Basic concepts - Electron counting, 18 electron rule, hapticity,

nomenclature.

16-17. Survey of ligands in organometallic chemistry: alkyls, aryls, n-alkenyls, n-alkynyls,

carbenes, carbynes, n-alkenes, n-alkynes, n-allyl, cyclopentadienes and n-arenes. Includes:

preparations, structure and bonding.

18. Reactions of organometallic species: substitution, oxidative addition/reduction elimination, CO

insertion/alkyl migration, olefin insertion, n-hydride transfer.

20. Use of s and p block organometallics. Synthesis structure and solution phase behaviour

(Schlenk eq).

21-24. Tutorial/consolidation sessions. These will be interspersed through the above lectures at

appropriate points.

CH508 Advanced And Modern Methods In Organic Synthesis A

Basics





Elective

Mode Of








Teaching Components



required.


Lecture A


components.


Lectures







Staff



Overview

Aims:

To outline some of the currently available methods used in asymmetric synthesis including chiral

auxiliaries, reagents and catalysts.

To discuss the mechanisms of these processes, where appropriate.

To relate these methods of asymmetric synthesis to selected industrial and research syntheses of

simple

biologically active molecules.

To survey some of the most contemporary metal-mediated techniques that have been developed

for use in

organic synthesis.

To examine the use of these organometallic strategies, where they have been applied, in target

molecule

synthesis.

To examine the mechanistic aspects of the metal-mediated processes and to explore how the

proposed

reaction pathways have led to the discovery of the optimum reaction techniques.

To apply the techniques being covered within chemical problem solving sessions.

Syllabus

Topics

1-7 Asymmetric Organic Synthesis.

The emphasis will be on how we can use modern asymmetric synthesis as a tool in the synthesis of

biologically active compounds. Also, in the use of enzymatic and microbial methods in synthesis.

General Introduction (Enantioselective synthesis, thermodynamic principles). Very briefly, first

generation methods. Second generation methods (chiral enolates/azaenolates, aldol, (Li & B

chemistry) conjugate addition (Cu & Mg), Diels-Alder (A1, Ti). Third/Fourth Generation methods.

Definitions (reagent/catalyst control). Carbon-carbon bond formation (Addition to C=O (An, Li)

conjugate addition (P, Cu), Diels-Alder (Ti-B)). Chiral bases. Enantioselective oxidation (Sharpless

(Ti), asymmetric dihydroxylation (Os), aminohyroxylation, Jacobsen epoxidation (Mn (III), Shi

epoxidation). Enantioselective reduction (catalytic hydrogenation (C=O, double bond isomerisations

(Rh, Ru), CBS). Enzymatic and microbial methods (biocatalytic oxidation and reduction,

esterases/lipases).

8-9 Palladium Catalysed Processes

The important mechanistic aspects of the use of Palladium-Catalysed Transformations in Organic

Synthesis will be discussed to build the concepts for the general catalytic cycles involved in this

area. The common reagents and ligands used in this field will be detailed. More specifically, in

terms of synthesis, the commonly used and important Pd-catalysed reactions will be discussed in

detail and examples given. This will include the Stille coupling reaction, the Suzuki coupling

reaction, the Heck reaction and related alkyne based methods, examples of Pd-catalysed

carbonylations, and the Buchwald-Hartwig amination technique. Applications of the Pd-based

processes in total synthesis will be given throughout.

10-11 Key Radical Reactions in Synthesis

Show how radical chemistry extends and complements polar chemistry for the synthetic chemist.

Organotin methods for radical generation, benefits and problems; activation by thermal and

photochemical means; catalytic methods.

End of lectures for BSc students.

12-15 Advanced Radical Processes

Silanes as radical generators. Cobalt complexes as radical precursors. Atom transfer and group

transfer strategies. Barton esters and the Zard strategy. The versatility of samarium diiodide.

Manganese (III) complexes and tetrathiafulvalene as radical-polar crossover reagents. Polar effects

and polarity reversal catalysis. Control and selectivity in applications to synthesis.

16-20 Applications of Transition Metals in Organic Synthesis.

Useful and widely applicable organometal-mediated transformations in organic synthesis will be

detailed: use of Cr-carbene complexes, Fe-lactones and ?lactams, and a range of Co-promoted

(and related) transformations. Additionally, metal carbene-mediated ring closing metathesis

processes will be described and the scope and limitations of this important technology will be

explored. Throughout the focus will be on economical and bond-forming processes with the high

degrees of regio- and stereoselectivity available being highlighted. The properties of each set of

organometallic reagents will be discussed and the mechanistic details of each process will be

described, in turn, showing how this influences the reaction conditions employed. Applications of

the organometal-mediated reactions in target synthesis will be used to illustrate their wide utility.

Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes:

To appreciate the various methods of asymmetric synthesis and be able to give appropriate

examples

To be aware of the structure of the key chiral reagents in all theses processes

To understand the mechanism of selected reactions and be able to discuss and outline them

To apply the knowledge gained to propose asymmetric syntheses of chiral compounds

To develop an understanding of the important mechanistic aspects of palladium-catalysed coupling

reactions, to develop a familiarity with the important reactions in this area, and to develop an

ability to

employ these palladium-based strategies in synthetic organic sequences.

To develop an understanding of the synthesis, diverse reactivity, and mechanism of action of

Fischer

carbene complexes and to create the ability to recognise and employ the described techniques in

synthetic organic sequences.

To develop an understanding of the synthesis, reactivity, and mechanism of action of Schrock

carbene

complexes, in particular in metatheses processes, and to develop the ability to recognise and

employ the

described techniques in synthetic organic sequences.

To create a familiarisation with alkyne trimerisation reactions and subsequent cycloaddition

techniques.

To develop an understanding of the preparation and reactivity of metal-stabilised carbocations and

to be

create an awareness of their use in preparative organic chemistry.

To be establish a familiarity with the scope and efficiency of the Pauson-Khand cyclisation

technique, as

well as associated cycloaddition protocols, for cyclopentenone synthesis.

To develop an understanding of the synthesis and reactivity of iron-lactone and iron-lactam

complexes and

to create a familiarisation with the use of these complexes in organic synthesis.

CH525 Biomolecule Analysis

Basics





Elective

Mode Of








Teaching Components



required.


Lecture A


components.


Lectures





Staff



Syllabus

20 Lectures

1-4. Identification of biomolecules of interest: Genomics and proteomics, Bioassay driven isolation

Immunoassay Microarrays Lab-on-a-chip Amplification strategies, PCR Cloning and expression.

5-8. Methods for the separation and detection of biomolecules.

i) Chromatography, Ion-exchange, Size exclusion, Reverse phase, Affinity, Capillary

electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (and 2D-methods) TLC of lipids

ii) Detection methods: Spectroscopic methods, Mass spectrometry and hyphenated techniques

Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation Chemical stains (e.g. coomassie, silver, ninhydrin).

9-10. Determination of covalent structure (primary sequence information), Chemical and enzymatic

sequencing of DNA, peptides proteins and carbohydrates. Mass spectrometric methods, NMR.

11-12. Determination of conformation and dynamics (secondary and tertiary structure).

X-ray crystallography NMR (2D, 3D and 4D methods), Prediction, (Integration of all of the above

with modelling and databases), Circular dichroism, Calorimetry, Mass spectrometry and isotope

exchange.

13. Determination of intermolecular interactions and forces (e.g. quaternary structure).

Atomic force microscopy, Coprecipitation, Biacore technology, Affinity methods, Cross-linking.

14-20. Determination of Mechanism and Function.

Complemetation, Active site labels and probes, inhibitors (including suicide), Isotopically labelled

substrates, Site directed mutagenesis, Homology and database searching, X-ray diffusion

(selenomethionine modified proteins), Spectroscopy: Raman, IR, ESR.

CH526 Advanced Medicinal Chemistry

Basics





Elective

Mode Of








Teaching Components



required.


Lecture A


components.


Lectures







Staff



Syllabus

20 Lectures

1-3. Lead identification: Bioassay methods including bioactivity based screening, high thoughput

methods and selectivity. The use of chemi- and bioinformatics to identify potential targets and the

use of information obtained from genomics. Modern pharmacogenomics. Advanced solid phase

synthesis and combinatorial chemistry methods.

4-5. Drugs that target DNA and DNA metabolism. Drugs that interact with DNA: Chemically

reactive species (mustards etc), intercalators, minor groove binders. Antisense technologies.

Inhibitors of DNA synthesis.

6-7. Other anticancer and antiviral drugs. Reverse transcriptase and topoisomerase inhibitors.

Protease inhibitors. Inhibitors of the cell cycle.

8-9. Athersclerosis. Causes, and treatment. Inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. Regulation of

genetics. Transcription factors and targeting. Multifaceted approaches to therapy.

10-11. Peptide and protein therapeutics.

12-13. Drug resistance, detoxification and metabolism.

14-15. New generation antibiotics. Certainly worth studying and presumably the background to

multidrug resistance would be included.

16. Prodrug strategies, in vivo activation and targeting. Vinyl chloride as a biologically activated

carcinogen. N-nitrosoureas and pH dependent activation. ADEPT strategies.

17-20. Case studies: Synthesis, development and delivery.

Traditional drugs DNA drugs (antisense) Protein based therapeutics.

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