How does energy flow

between organisms in an ecosystem?

Chapter 4: Lesson 2:

LIFE PROCESSES

Looking at living things

Living things

Although all living things look different from each other, they all have seventhings in common.

These seven things are called life processes.

Something is only alive if it does allseven processes.

THE SEVEN LIFE PROCESSES

1All living things move

Animals move their whole bodies to get from one place to another.

Plants turn towards the light and their roots grow down into the soil.

2All living things reproduce

Animals have babies.

New plants grow from seeds.

3All living things are sensitive

All living things respond to changes. Living things notice changes in their surroundings and react to them.

Ex. Plants grow towards the light.

Ex. People react to the temperature around them.

4All living things neednutrition

Food is used to provide energy.

Green plants make their own food using sunlight.

Animals eat plants or other animals.

5All living things excrete

Waste substances must be removed from the body.

Plants and animals both need to get rid of waste gas and water.

6All living things respire

Plants and animals use the oxygen in the air to turn food into energy.

7All living thingsgrow

Babies grow into adults.

Seedlings grow into plants.

The seven life processes

1 Move

2 Reproduce

3 Sensitive

4 Nutrition

5 Excrete

6 Respire

7 Grow

Use the first letter from each process to help you remember them.

Move

Reproduce

Sensitive

Nutrition

Excrete

Respire

Grow

They spell MRS NERG

This is MRS NERG !

Can you remember what each of the letters in her name stand for ?

Organism

Is one living thing

All organisms need:

Energy(Power)

Organisms get

energy from food.

Types of organisms

Producers Consumers

Decomposers

Make their own food.

1) Producers

Example:

Plants

Roots: takes

water and

nutrients from

the soil.

Leaves: takes

sunlight, air,

water and

nutrients and

makes the

plants food (photosynthesis).

Stem: takes

water and

nutrients from

the roots and

sends it to

the leaves.

Flower

Photosynthesis

process

Substances that plants and

animals need to grow and

stay healthy.

Eat plants, animals or

both.

2) Consumers

Herbivores

Types of

Consumers

Carnivores

Omnivores

Animals do not make

their own food.Some animals eats plants:

Example:

Panda eats bamboo Caterpillar eats leaves

They are called herbivores

Some animals eats other animals

Example:

Puffin eats fish Owls eats rat

They are called carnivores

Some animals eats both plants

and animals.

Example:

Bears eat both

They are called Omnivores

Is an organism that

breaks down dead

plants and animals

3) Decomposers

Example:

Worms, bacteria and fungi

Living things need one another to survive.

The above drawing shows a food chain.

A FOOD CHAIN:

Shows the flow of energy from one organism to another.

Examples of food chains:

A FOOD WEB is:

Made up of many food chains connected.

In a food chain there are

Preys Predatorsand

Animals that

are eaten

Animals that

eat the prey

What is competition?

When animals compete

(struggle) with other animals

for their food, water and

shelter to survive.

Energy pyramid

It shows the amount of energy in an ecosystem.

Producers are always at the bottom of the pyramid.

The next level of the pyramid shows herbivore. It must

eat a lot to stay alive because small amount ( 10% ) of

a plant’s energy passes to the herbivore.

Omnivore and carnivore takes the next levels of the

pyramid. They take small amount

10% ) of the herbivore’s energy to pass.

The pyramid also shows how many plants or animals in

each level. This tells how many plants or animals are

needed to feed the animal at each level of the

pyramid.