Ch8 Warm Up #4 4/19

1. How are matter and energy related?2. Name 1 form of energy3. How do living things get energy from foods?4. Name 1 macromolecule5. Explain why that macromolecule is important

(what does it do for us?)

Agenda 4/19

• Go over lab from yesterday• Cellular Respiration Notes• Practice• Grades

How do organisms get energy from food?

Learning target #4: • “I can recognize and describe the processes

and chemical equations that occur during photosynthesis and respiration”

Cellular Respiration

– Cellular respiration: process where organsims use glucose and oxygen to make energy, carbon dioxide, and water

– Remember: energy is stored in the bonds of molecules

–Calories = Energy stored in the bonds of foods

• KEY CONCEPT:ALL living things use respiration to get energy– Includes plants, algae, bacteria, animals, fungi

• Cellular respiration happens inside an organism’s cells

Step 1: Getting glucoseA. The organism gets glucose either by making

it (autotrophs) or eating another organism (heterotrophs)

B. Glucose is taken into cells to get broken down

Step 2: Breaking glucose bonds to get energy

A. Glucose moves into the cell’s Mitochondria-Remember: “mighty” mitochondria makes the cell’s energy!

B. Oxygen (O2) also moves into the mitochondria

Without oxygen, this part of respiration does not work so organisms cannot get much energy! (this is why humans & other organisms need O2!)

C. Enzymes break down glucose and make new bonds forming H2O, CO2, and Energy (stored as ATP)

-Enzymes control the speeds of these reactions

D. CO2 leaves the cell and is released by the organism (breathing out)

-Now the CO2 can be used by plants in photosynthesis!

Cellular respiration vs

Respiratory system• Cellular respiration happens inside cells and is

breaking molecules down using oxygen• The respiratory system all of the organs that

bring oxygen into our bodies and take carbon dioxide out.

• Key point: they are related, but not the same

WHEN DONE – TAKE OUT A LAPTOP

• When it talks about TEACHER – put MS. KENYON!

• The survey is about me, not Mr. Slider (you don’t need to do one for him)

• I will give everyone who takes time and does the survey 15 points!!!!!

Your “Do Now” 4/20

• Take paper from up front• Get out Notes 3 & 4• Complete 7, 8, and 9• Copy down learning target #4 when done“I can recognize and describe the processes and

chemical equations that occur during photosynthesis and respiration”

Agenda

• Practice problems (complete these with your critical partners)

• Thinking maps• Quiz• Reminder: get lab turned in!!!• Phonecalls today

Summary

• During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down forming ATP, water, and carbon dioxide

• ATP can get broken down to ADP, which releases energy

Cellular Respiration Equation

O2 + C6H12O6 CO2 + H2O + EnergyOxygen + Glucose Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

Wait a minute… that looks familiar…

Why does an organism need ATP (energy)?

Some other important points

• In cellular respiration carbs, proteins, and lipids can be broken down to make energy

• Hormones in our bodies control metabolism (respiration rates)– Hormones released from our brains signal our cells

to do more respiration when we need more energy– Part of homeostasis (keeping things in balance)

Can organisms make energy when O2 is not there?

Oxygen and Energy– Aerobic Respiration:

respiration that requires oxygen (makes much more energy)

– Anaerobic Respiration: respiration that does not require oxygen (does not make much energy)

The relationship between photosynthesis & respiration

• Photosynthesis makes sugars using light energy, respiration breaks sugars down to get energy

• Finish the statement:The ________________ of photosynthesis

are the ________________ of respiration

CELLULAR RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS

RESPIRATIONO2 + C6H12O6 CO2 + H2O + EnergyOxygen + Glucose Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

PHOTOSYNTHESIS CO2 + H2O + energy (light) C6H12O6 + O2

Carbon dioxide + water + energy glucose oxygen

Reminders

– Energy capture by photosynthesis occurs only in plants, algae, and some bacteria.

– The release of energy by cellular respiration takes place in plants, animals, fungi, protists, and most bacteria.

Lactic Acid Fermentation– In organisms like humans, fermentation

happens in muscles when there is a lack of oxygen

– What could cause this to happen?

____________________________

-The lactic acid builds-up and causes pain

Big question: How do organisms get energy from food?

• Fermentation notes (at end of hour if we have extra time and questions about fermentation)

Fermentation

– Fermentation: respiration without oxygen

makes much less energy than aerobic respiration

– Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

Alcoholic Fermentation

– Fermentation in yeast produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.

– This process is used to produce alcoholic beverages and causes bread dough to rise.

Quick Energy– Cells normally contain small amounts of ATP

produced during cellular respiration, enough for a few seconds of intense activity.

– Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced.

– Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several minutes in order to pay back the built-up “oxygen debt” and clear the lactic acid from the body.

Energy and Exercise

Long-Term Energy– For intense exercise lasting longer than 90

seconds, cellular respiration is required to continue production of ATP.

– Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation does.

– The body stores energy in the form of the carbohydrate glycogen. These glycogen stores are enough to last for 15 to 20 minutes of activity. After that, the body begins to break down other stored molecules, including fats, for energy.

Energy and Exercise

FRIDAY, APRIL 19