CHALLENGE OF BIOFUEL AS TRANSPORTATION FUEL IN INDONESIA

Zarrah Duniani

Research & Development

Processing Directorate

zduniani@pertamina.com

Asian Petroleum Technology Symposium Vietnam, February 18-20, 2009

Mas Putra Agung

Technology Process Services

Processing Directorate

OUTLINE

∆∆ GOVERNMENT ENERGY POLICYGOVERNMENT ENERGY POLICY

∆∆ BACKROUND OF PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRAMBACKROUND OF PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRAM

∆∆ PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRESSPERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRESS

∆∆ CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

3

INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY ON DEVELOPING BIOFUEL

The Presidential Instruction No. 1/ 2006 on preparing and using of Biofuel

as alternative fuel The Ministerial of ESDM Regulation

No. 32/2008on preparing, using and managing the market

of biofuel as an alternative fuel

The Presidential Instruction No. 1/ 2006 on preparing and using of Biofuel

as alternative fuel The Ministerial of ESDM Regulation

No. 32/2008on preparing, using and managing the market

of biofuel as an alternative fuel

IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION

The Presidential Decree No. 10/2006on forming The National Team for

Biofuel Development to increase the domestic income

The Presidential Decree No. 10/2006on forming The National Team for

Biofuel Development to increase the domestic income

Reg No. 30/2007

On:Energy:

- Diversification- Conservation

Reg No. 30/2007

On:Energy:

- Diversification- Conservation

TARGET: ENERGY MIX 2025TARGET: ENERGY MIX 2025(The Presidential Decree No. 5/2006)

Coal , 33%

Gas, 30%

Fuel, 20%

Geothermal, 5%Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro,Solar Energy, wind, 5%Coal Liquefaction, 2%

BF 5%BF 5%

•BLUEPRINT/ ROADMAP

•RECOMMENDATION

•EVALUATION

•BLUEPRINT/ ROADMAP

•RECOMMENDATION

•EVALUATION

RE,17%

Coal , 33%

Gas, 30%

Oil, 20%

Biofuel, 5%

Geothermal, 5%

Biomass, Nuclear, HydroSolar Energy, Wind Power, 5%

Coal Liquefaction2%

RE,17%

Natural Gas, 28.57%

Coal, 15.34%

Oil51.66%

Geothermal, 1.32%

Hydro Power, 3.11%

ENERGI MIX GOAL 2025ENERGI MIX GOAL 2025

OPTIMIZING ENERGY

MANAGEMENT

National (Primary) Energy Mix

National (Primary) Energy Mix of 2025(BaU Scenario) Energy Mix Year 2025

(Perpres No. 5/2006)

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5 YEAR 2006PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5 YEAR 2006NATIONAL ENERGY POLICYNATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

Gas, 20.6%

Coal 34.6%

Oil, 41.7%

Geothermal, 1.1%

Mini/micro Hydro Power Plant, 0.1%

Power Plant, 1.9%National Energy Mix 2025

(Presidential Decree Scenario)

4

TYPE OF FOSSIL ENERGY

RESOURCES RESERVES PRODUCTION R/P(YEARS)

Oil 86.9 billion bbl 9.1 387 million bbl 23

Gas 384.7 TSCF 185.8 2.95 TSCF 62

Coal 57.8 billion Ton 19,3 132 Million Ton 146

NON FOSSIL ENERGY RESOURCES EQUIVALEN

T UTILIZATION INSTALLED CAPACITY

Hydro 845 Million BOE 75,670 MW 6,851,000 MWh 4,200 MW

Geothermal 219 Million BOE 27,000 MW 2,593,500 MWh 807 MW

Mini/Micro hydro 458.75 MW 458.75 MW 54 MW

Biomass 49,810 MW 302.4 MW

Solar 4.8 kWh/m2/day

5 MW

Wind 9,287 MW 0.5 MW

Uranium 24.112 Tons* 3 GW

ENERGY RESOURCES (January 2006)

*) only in Kalan region, West Kalimantan

ENERGY DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAMENERGY DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAMTypes of fuel Household Transportation Industry Power Plant

• GasLPG √ √ √ –BBG √ √ √ √

• CoalCoal √ – √ √

Briquet √ – √ –Coal gasification √ √ √ √

Coal liquefaction – √ √ √

• Biofuel

Bio-ethanol – √ – –

Bio-diesel √ √ √ √

Bio-oil √ – √ √

• Geothermal √ – – √

• Other Renewable Energy

Biomass √ – – √

Nuclearr – – – √

Water – – – √

Solar cell √ √ – √

Wind – – – √

CBM √ √ √ √

Hidrogen / Fuel Cell – √ – √

Oil Shale – √ √ √

Biogenic Gas √ – – √

BIOFUEL COMMODITIES

Palm

Jatropha Curcas

Sugarcane

Cassava

LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR PALM(3 million hectares)

LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR JATROPHA CURCAS(million hectares)

LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR SUGARCANE(0.5 million hectares)

POTENTIAL LAND FOR CASSAVA PLANTATION (million hectares)

Potential land: < 75 ha: 75 – 200 ha: 201 – 400 ha: 401 – 1.800 ha

Environment :Earth Climate :Ozone DepletionGlobal Warming/atmosphericpollution

Energy Security

Regulation:Ratified Kyoto, Montreal

Overcome energy and resource shortageReduction in oil import, subsidyImprovement EfficiencyNon-Fossil/alternative Fuel

Value added: Employee, Customer,Stakeholder, Public

Continuous development / improvement and production :-Fuel Business Atm. Pollution Reduction :Cleaner & Quality Fuels-Non Fuel Business Envi. (Non-ODS, Non-GWP) products

Support governmentPERTAMINA POLICY BACKGROUND IN PRODUCE CLEAN PRODUCT

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Unleaded Gasolines :UL Premium-88, UL Premix-92 (later changed as Pertamax-92), UL Super TT-98 (later changed as Pertamax Plus-95) are supplied from Balongan Refinery since 2001 for Jakarta & surrounding cities.

In 2002, UL gasolines supply are extended for Depok, Bali, Batam and Cirebon.

In Aug 2005, a 52 MBSD Balongan Blue Balongan Blue Sky ProjectSky Project was commissioned, and imported HOMC volume is significantly reduced. This project was proposed to the Government since February 1996February 1996.

PERTAMINA stopped producing leaded Gasoline

0

1

2

2004 Jun-06Gradually from 2004 till June 2006, the TEL content in Premium-88 was reduced from 1.8 to 0.3 cc/USG.

TEL content

CNG :BBG

1990

LPG :V-Gas

Biofuel:BioPertamax

2008

Biofuel:BioPremium, BioSolarEuro-2

Gasoline,Diesel*

2012

Euro-4Gasoline

PERTAMINA’S IN DEVELOPING CLEAN ENERGY FOR TRANSPORTATON FUELS HAD BEEN A LONG JOURNEY & COMMITTED TO CONTINUE DOWN THE ROAD

*Note : Perta-Dex

Solar-48

BACKGROUND OF PERTAMINA’S BIOFUEL PROGRAM

• Presidential Instruction No.1/2006 to 13 central and regional government institutions on supply and utilization of biofuels asalternative energy (January 2006)

• Presidential Regulation No.5/2006 on National Energy Policy, calling for 5% biofuels in the energy mix by 2025 (January 2006)

• Presidential Decree No.10/2006, established by the National Teamfor Biofuels Development to coordinate industry expansion (July 2006)

• SK Dirjen Migas 3675K/DM/2006 re. Specification & 3674K/DM/2006• SNI (Indonesian Standard)• PERTAMINA‘s Commitment to provide green fuel and energy

diversification by utilizing renewable biofue• Min ESDM regulation No 32/2008,a mandatory to blend 5% biofuels

in fuels if Fame and etanol available

15

1. BIO SOLAR (B5)The Minister of ESDM and The BOD of Pertamina launched the mass selling of Bio Solar for industry in Jakarta on May 20, 2006 and followed it in Surabaya and Denpasar on November 11, 2008.

LAUNCHING OF PERTAMINA BIOFUELS

2. BIO PERTAMAX (E5) It launched to the market place in Jakarta on December 11, 2006,and Surabaya and Malang and Denpasar.

Launching of Bio Solar in Jakarta on May 20, 2006

by HE The Minister of ESDM, Mr. Purnomo Yusgiantoro

3. BIO PREMIUM (E5)It launched in Malang on August 13, 2006 and then in Jakarta for 13 stations.

Launching of Bio Pertamax,in Jakarta

December 11, 2006

Launching of Bio Pertamax and Bio Solar in Denpasar on November 13, 2007

BY : NPD

PERTAMINA BIOFUELS

BIOPREMIUM

BIOSOLAR :BIOSOLAR :-- FAME blended solar/diesel oils (5% FAME)FAME blended solar/diesel oils (5% FAME)

Properties according to Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Degree N0.3675K/24/DJM/2006, March 17, 2006

BIODIESEL / Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or monoBIODIESEL / Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or mono--alkyl alkyl esters derived from vegetable oils or animal fats and other esters derived from vegetable oils or animal fats and other biomassbiomass--derived oils that shall be technically proven and derived oils that shall be technically proven and approved for use in diesel engines, with quality approved for use in diesel engines, with quality specifications in accordance with the SNI( Indonesia specifications in accordance with the SNI( Indonesia National Standards )National Standards )

Most of biodiesel in Indonesia derived from Palm oil.¥Other feedstock are Coconut oil and Jatropa

BIOPREMIUM

BIO PERTAMAX :BIO PERTAMAX :Etanol Etanol unhydrous denaturated (99.5%purity)denaturated (99.5%purity)blended Pertamax (3blended Pertamax (3-- 5% Etanol)5% Etanol)

BIOPREMIUM :BIOPREMIUM :Etanol Etanol unhydrous denaturated (99.5%purity)denaturated (99.5%purity)blended Premium (3blended Premium (3-- 5% Etanol)5% Etanol)

Properties according toMinister of Energy and Mineral Resources Degree N0.3674K/24/DJM/2006, March 17, 2006

Most of Bioetanol in Indonesia derived from sugarcane Molasse & cassava

=

Tetes Tebu

Penurunan kadarPenurunan kadar11 April 200811 April 2008 1 Nov 20081 Nov 2008

Bio Solar

Bio Premium

Bio Pertamax

Prosentase Biofuel blendedProsentase Biofuel blended

launcedlauncedJuni 2007

20 Mei 2006B-5

13 Des 2006

18 Agustus 2006

E-5

E-5

B-2.5 B-1 B-5

E-3E-5

E-3 E-5 E-5

Malang

JakartaE-2

By 11 November 2008, injeksi FAMEinjection become 5% For transportation & industries sectors,if FAME & Ethanol avable.

BY : NPD

Malang

E-5

E-2Jakarta

BIOFUELS DISTRIBUTION & MARKETING SYSTEM

PENYEDIAAN

BLENDING BIOFUEL & FOSSIL FUEL

CONSUMEN/END USERBIOFUEL

Producer

IMPOR

DALAM NEGERI

Ethanol Producer

Ethanol Producer

FAME ProducerFAME Producer

INDUSTRIES

STATIONS

INSTALATION / TERMINAL

PERTAMINA

Inline Blending Bio

Fuel

MOBIL FAME /

ETHANOL

TANKER FAME TANKER

BIO SOLAR

MOBIL BIO SOLAR/

BIO PREMIUM/BIO PERTAMAX

BY : NPD

MalangBio Premium : 1 stationsVolume ± 400 KL / M

Bio Pertamax : 3 stationsVolume ± 55 KL / M

JakartaBio Solar : 381 stationsVolume ± 76.900 KL/M

Bio Pertamax : 22 stations

Volume ± 1.100 KL / MBio Premium : 13 stationsVolume ± 9.100 KL / M

SurabayaBio Solar : 19 stations

Volume ± 1.600 KL / MBio Pertamax : 7 stations

Volume ± 296 KL / M

DenpasarBio Solar : 11 stations

Volume ± 2.100 KL/M

Bio Pertamax : 14 stationsVolume ± 200 KL/M

Total :Bio Solar : 411 stationsVol : ± 80.600 KL/M

Bio Premium: 14 stations

Vol : ± 9.500 KL / M

Bio Pertamax : 46 stations

Vol : ± 1.651 KL / M

WHERE ARE NOW ? PERTAMINA BIOFUEL PROGRESS

Jakarta November 1, 2008

4 big industries Volume ± 173 KL

BY : NPD

PERTAMINABIO PREMIUM

ROLL OUT PLAN PERTAMINA BIOFUEL

November ‘08 December ‘08 2009 2010

LOCATION

EXISTING & WEST JAVA

LOCATION

+ EAST JAVA & BALI

Product: • BIOSOLAR• BIOPREMIUM• BIO PERTAMAX• BIO M. DIESEL• BIO KEROSENE• BIO M. BAKAR

Product :• BIOSOLAR• BIOPREMIUM• BIO PERTAMAX• BIO M. DIESEL• BIO KEROSENE• BIO M. BAKAR

LOCATION• JAVA

• SUMATRA• Part of KALIMANTAN &

SULAWESI

LOCATION

INDONESIA

Assumption: price of FAME ≤ MOPSBiofuel content: 5%

FAME : 25,157 KLETHANOL : 560 KL

FAME : 1,025,117 KLETHANOL : 805,479 KL

FAME : 1,278,621 KLETHANOL : 1,123,608 KL

Product: • BIOSOLAR• BIOPREMIUM• BIO PERTAMAX

Product: • BIOSOLAR• BIOPREMIUM• BIO PERTAMAX

FAME : 18,981 KLETHANOL : 540 KL

BY : NPD

ROADMAP BIOSOLAR

• In 2009 : Solar BioSolar JAVA

November ‘08-D. Plumpang

-Inst. Tj. Priok

-TT. Tj. Gerem

-D. Padalarang

-D. Ujung Berung

-D. Tasikmalaya

Desember ‘08-ISG

-D. Malang

-D. Madiun

-D. Kediri

-D. Sangaran

-D. Tj. Wangi

2009- P. Jawa

-Part of Sumatra

-Part of Kalimantan

2010- P. Jawa

- Sumatra

- Kalimantan

-Sulawesi

LAUNCHING

Potential of Biofuel supply and demandPotential of Biofuel supply and demand

BY : NPD

Fuel Consumption average per year

Subsidized Non Subsidized

Premium/Gasoline 17.000.000 KL 250.000 KL

Gas Oil 11.000.000 KL 15.000.000 KL

Kerosene 9.900.000 KL 100.000 KL

Biofuel demand per year (max 10% injection) except Kerosene (2%)

Subsidized Industry

Ethanol (Gasohol E-10) 1.700.000 KL 25.000 KL

Fame (Biodiesel B-10) 1.100.000 KL 1.500.000 KL

Kerosene 198.000 KL 2.000 KL

Indonesian gov. policy on biofuel. max 10% biofuel in fuel and

2% biofuel in kerosene

As the gov. regulation, it must be max 10% of biofuel injected in the

common fuel except 2% for Kerosene

Biofuel potential for domestic demand

THE AVAILABILITY OF BIOFUEL SUPPLY

YEARS (CAPACITIES - KL)

2008 2009FAME 1.588.300 2.521.000

ETHANOL 144.500 212.500

Source: The Association of Indonesian Biofuel Producer (APROBI)

Market Development

BIOETHANOL PRODUCT CAPASITY & LOCATION

No PERUSAHAAN LOKASI 2008 2009

CAPASITY(KL)

Domestic(KL)

CAPASITY(KL)

Domestic(KL)

1 Anugrah Kurnia Abadi PT./ BPPT Ethanol

Lampung 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500

2 Medco Group Lampung 60.000 60.000

3 Molindo Raya Industrial Lawang & Lampung

12.000 12.000 50.000 50.000

4 Sugar Group Lampung 70.000 100.000

TOTAL 144.500 14.500 212.500 52.500

BY : NPD

BIODIESEL PRODUCT CAPASITY & LOCATION(Status Sept. 2008)

PERUSAHAAN LOKASI 2008 2009Capasity

MT/yDomestic

MT/yKapasitas

MT/yDomestic

MT/y

1 Asian Agri TbK Lubuk Gaung,Dumai 200.000 70.000 200.000 80.000

2 Energi Alternatif Indonesia . Jakarta 300 300 1.000 1.0003 Eterindo Wahanatama Tbk Gresik & Cikupa 120.000 120.000 240.000 240.0004 Darmex Biofuel PT. Bekasi 150.000 30.000 150.000 60.0005 Ganesha Energy Group Medan 3.000 3.000 10.000 10.0006 Indo Biofuels Energy PT. Merak 60.000 60.000 160.000 100.0007 Multikimia Intipelangi PT. Bekasi 5.000 5.000 10.000 10.0008 Musim Mas Group Medan 50.000 10.000 350.000 100.0009 Permata Hijau Group Duri 200.000 75.000 200.000 120.000

10 Sumi Asih PT. Bekasi & Lampung 100.000 50.000 200.000 100.00011 Wilmar Group Dumai 700.000 300.000 1.000.000 300.000

TOTAL 1.588.300 723.300 2.521.000 1.121.000

BY : NPD

PRICE FAME,ETHANOL VS CRUDE OIL,GASOLINE

CPO

OLEIN

ETHANOL

FAME MOPS HSD

MOPS GASOLINE

CRUDE OIL

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

waktu

g(

$)

CPO 61.4 70.7 78.4 84.7 82.8 87.2 86.6 87.8 86.6 93.8 97.6 111. 113. 101. 101. 102.

OLEIN 46.7545.5548.5155.1252.1550.9856.1561.1865.7064.3865.4376.2082.2886.2083.3089.1892.9989.7393.2381.59105.7 118. 118.3105.0110.0 105.

ETHANOL 55.2 54.9 54.7 55.0 55.3 55.4 55.4 54.8 55.2 56.8 55.9 55.4 53.6 53.9 55.1 54.2 53.8 53.42 54.7 54.7354.5754.09 53.9

FAME 52.5752.0655.0758.5757.1654.7053.9156.9661.6360.4060.8765.1869.3276.0777.5975.1177.1984.9883.5382.9185.79 91.2 104.395.2899.88 99.2

MOPS HSD 52.9454.0154.2654.2747.7044.7644.0243.8741.5644.4146.2550.4751.3451.5153.9352.2057.0559.8067.9367.2166.48 69.9 79.3987.0099.76 104.

MOPS GASOLINE 49.8252.7044.3939.0738.0637.3340.6946.7551.1954.4551.8852.2247.0750.3554.1459.9760.1061.63 64.4 67.6072.4880.50 85.7

CRUDE OIL 44.0 42.6 45.2 45.8 39.3 35.1 35.1 37.8 33.2 36.2 38.6 42.7 43.1 43.4 47.4 45.4 47.8 51.9 57.9 57.5 57.92 59.7 64.8568.7578.41 83.2

MEI JUNI JULI AGUSSEPTOKTONOVEDESEJANUFEBRMARAPRI MEI JUNI JULI AGUSSEPTOKTONOVEDESEJANUFEBRMARAPRI MEI JUNI

2006 2007 2008

BY : NPD

January 2009Fame (Jan –Sept 2008 , avg) = Rp 8500/ltrFame ( Oct – Des 2008 avg) = Rp 5000/ltr

Ethanol avg = Rp 5500/ltrSolar = ± Rp 5.137 – 5800/ltr

Gasoline = ± Rp 5400- Rp 5600/ltr

CPO Price

Perusahaan Minyak & Gas Nasional

CHALLANGES IN BIOFUELS PROGRAM :

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GOVERNMENT POLICY

PRICE OF BIOFUELS FEED STOCKS

PRICE OF BIOFUEL PRODUCT VS FOSSIL FUEL

SECURITY OF SUPPLY OF FAME & ETHANOL

COMPETION FEEDSTOCKS FOR FOOD & FUELS

THE GEOGRAPHY OF INDONESIA

QUALITY OF FUELS ISSUES ( EURO 4,WWFC CAT 4)

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (Fossil)

BIODIESEL (FAME)

BIODIESEL GENERASI 2

% OXYGEN 0 11 0

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

0.84 0.88 0.78

HEATING VALUE, MJ / kg

43 38 44

SULFUR, ppm < 10 < 1 < 1

CLOUD POINT, oC - 5 - 5 to + 15 - 10 to + 20

DISTILLATION, oC 200 - 350 340 - 355 265 - 320

CETANE 40 50 - 65 70 - 90

STABILITY GOOD MARGINAL GOOD

Properties Produk Biodiesel Generasi Ke 2 yang dibandingkanDengan Ultra Low Sulfur Petroleum Diesel dan FAME

SUMBER : UOP

BY : NPD

No. Karakteristik SatuanBatasan Metode Uji

ASTMMin. Maks.1 Bilangan Cetana :

- Angka Cetana atau - 48 - D 613 - 95- Indeks Cetana - 45 - D 4737 - 96a

2 Berat Jenis ( pada suhu 15 °C ) kg/m³ 815 870 D 1298 atau D 4052 - 963 Viskositas ( pada suhu 40 °C ) mm²/s 2.0 5.0 D 445 - 974 Kandungan Sulfur % m/m - 0.35 1) D 2622 - 985 Distilasi : D 86 - 99a

T 95 °C - 3706 Titik Nyala °C 60 - D 93 - 99c7 Titik Tuang °C - 18 D 978 Residu Karbon % m/m - 0.1 D 4530 - 939 Kandungan Air mg/kg - 500 D 1744 - 9210 Biological growth *) - nihil11 Kandungan FAME *) % v/v - 1012 Kandungan Methanol dan Ethanol *) % v/v tak terdeteksi D 481513 Korosi Bilah Tembaga menit - kelas 1 D 130 - 94 14 Kandungan Abu % m/m - 0.01 D 482 - 9515 Kandungan sedimen % m/m - 0.01 D 47316 Bilangan Asam Kuat mg KOH/g - 0 D 66417 Bilangan Asam Total mg KOH/g - 0.6 D 66418 Partikulat mg/l - - D 2276 - 9919 Penampilan visual - Jernih dan terang20 Warna No.ASTM - 3.0 D 1500

SPESIFIKASI BIO SOLAR MENGACU SPESIFIKASI SOLAR 48 (Dirjen Migas No. 3675K/24/DJM/2006)

*) Khusus untuk Minyak Solar yang mengandung Bio Diesel, jenis dan spesifikasi Bio Diesel nya mengacu ketetapan Pemerintah.Catatan Umum :1.Aditif haris kompatibel dengan minyak mesin (tidak menambah kekotoran mesin/kerak)Aditif yang mengandung komponen pembentuk abu (ash forming) tidak diperbolehkan.1.Pemeliharaan secara baik untuk mengurangi kontaminasi (debu, air, bahan bakar lain, dll)2.Pelabelan pada pompa harus memadai dan terdefinisi.Catatan Kaki :1) Batasan 0,35% m/m setara dengan 3500 ppm.

BY : NPD

No. Karakteristik SatuanBatasan Metode Uji

ASTMMin. Maks.1 Bilangan Cetana :

- Angka Cetana atau - 48 - D 613 - 95- Indeks Cetana - 45 - D 4737 - 96a

2 Berat Jenis ( pada suhu 15 °C ) kg/m³ 815 870 D 1298 atau D 4052 - 96

3 Viskositas ( pada suhu 40 °C ) mm²/s 2.0 5.0 D 445 - 97

4 Kandungan Sulfur % m/m - 0.35 1) D 2622 - 985 Distilasi : D 86 - 99a

T 95 °C - 3706 Titik Nyala °C 60 - D 93 - 99c7 Titik Tuang °C - 18 D 978 Residu Karbon % m/m - 0.1 D 4530 - 939 Kandungan Air mg/kg - 500 D 1744 - 9210 Biological growth *) - nihil11 Kandungan FAME *) % v/v - 1012 Kandungan Methanol dan Ethanol *) % v/v tak terdeteksi D 4815

13 Korosi Bilah Tembaga menit - kelas 1 D 130 - 94 14 Kandungan Abu % m/m - 0.01 D 482 - 9515 Kandungan sedimen % m/m - 0.01 D 47316 Bilangan Asam Kuat mg KOH/g - 0 D 664

17 Bilangan Asam Total mg KOH/g - 0.6 D 664

18 Partikulat mg/l - - D 2276 - 9919 Penampilan visual - Jernih dan terang

20 Warna No.ASTM - 3.0 D 1500

SPESIFIKASI BIO SOLAR MENGACU SPESIFIKASI SOLAR 48 (Dirjen Migas No. 3675K/24/DJM/2006)

*) Khusus untuk Minyak Solar yang mengandung Bio Diesel, jenis dan spesifikasi Bio Diesel nya mengacu ketetapan Pemerintah.Catatan Umum :1.Aditif haris kompatibel dengan minyak mesin (tidak menambah kekotoran mesin/kerak)Aditif yang mengandung komponen pembentuk abu (ash forming) tidak diperbolehkan.1.Pemeliharaan secara baik untuk mengurangi kontaminasi (debu, air, bahan bakar lain, dll)2.Pelabelan pada pompa harus memadai dan terdefinisi.Catatan Kaki :1) Batasan 0,35% m/m setara dengan 3500 ppm.

BY : NPD

Spesifikasi Standar Bioetanol Terdenaturasi untuk Gasohol (SNI DT 27-0001-2006)

Page 36

No Sifat Unit, min/max Spesifikasi1)

1 Kadar etanol %-v, min 99,5 (sebelum denaturasi)2)

94,0 (setelah denaturasi)

2 Kadar metanol mg/L, max 300

3 Kadar air %-v, max 1

4 Kadar denaturan %-v, min%-v, max

25

5 Kadar tembaga (Cu) mg/kg, max 0,1

6 Keasaman sebagai CH3COOH mg/L, max 30

7 Tampakan Jernih dan terang, tidak adaendapan dan kotoran

8 Kadar ion klorida (Cl-) mg/L, max 40

9 Kandungan belerang (S) mg/L, max 50

10 Kadar getah (gum), dicuci mg/100 ml, max 5,0

11 pHe 6,5 - 9,0

1) Jika tak diberikan catatan khusus, nilai batasan (spesifikasi) yang diterakan adalah nilai untuk bioetanol yang sudah didenaturasi.

2) FGE atau etanol kering biasanya memiliki berat jenis dalam rentang 0,7936 – 0,7961 (pada kondisi(15,56/15,56 oC), atau berat jenis dalam rentang 0,7871 – 0,7896 (pada kondisi 25/25 oC), diukur

dengan cara piknometri atau hidrometri yang sudah sangat lazim diterapkan di dalam industri Alkohol.

BY : NPD