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Challenges in implementing ICT to address Challenges in implementing ICT to address
Climate Change in developing economies with Climate Change in developing economies with
an experience of implementing sensors and an experience of implementing sensors and
wireless technologies in monitoring Glacier wireless technologies in monitoring Glacier
Lakes in HimalayaLakes in Himalaya
Bhushan Raj Shrestha, PhD, Nepal Research and Education Network
ITU Telecom World 2009, Geneva, 5-9 October, 2009
Experience of implementing sensors and wireless Experience of implementing sensors and wireless
technologies in monitoring Glacier Lakes in Himalaya is technologies in monitoring Glacier Lakes in Himalaya is
the experience gained through the project developed for the experience gained through the project developed for
monitoring Imja Glacier Lake in high Himalayas of Nepal.monitoring Imja Glacier Lake in high Himalayas of Nepal.
This a collaborative project of NARC/NARO Japan, Keio This a collaborative project of NARC/NARO Japan, Keio
University Japan, Nepal Research and Education Network University Japan, Nepal Research and Education Network
(NREN) Nepal, ICIMOD, DNPW Nepal and APAN-Japan.(NREN) Nepal, ICIMOD, DNPW Nepal and APAN-Japan.
This system is still in operation and can be accessed This system is still in operation and can be accessed
through through http://fsds.dc.affrc.go.jp/data4/Himalayan/. .
TThe effect of climate change in the form he effect of climate change in the form
of increase in temperature, change in of increase in temperature, change in
monsoon cycle, heavy rainfall, floods and monsoon cycle, heavy rainfall, floods and
droughts have adverse effect in the limited droughts have adverse effect in the limited
livelihood options of the majority of people livelihood options of the majority of people
in developing nations.in developing nations.
Vulnerable communities need strategies to Vulnerable communities need strategies to
cope and adapt with the changing cope and adapt with the changing
environment.environment.
ICT enables top-level decision makers to ICT enables top-level decision makers to
identify the vulnerable communities and identify the vulnerable communities and
develop national strategies for adaptation.develop national strategies for adaptation.
ICT enables community to develop strategies ICT enables community to develop strategies
to cope and adapt the changing environment.to cope and adapt the changing environment.
Glaciers are most
sensitive to global
temperature condition.
Most glaciers in Nepal
are undergoing rapid
deglaciation: rate of
glacial retreat ranges
from several meters to
20m/year. Source: Melting Himalayas
Regular monitoring of Regular monitoring of
glaciers and their glaciers and their
associates not only associates not only
help in preventing help in preventing
potential disaster from potential disaster from
GLOF, it also helps in GLOF, it also helps in
monitoring the trend of monitoring the trend of
global warming.global warming.
ObjectiveObjective
Real time monitoring of Imja Real time monitoring of Imja
glacial lake as a pilot project glacial lake as a pilot project http://fsds.dc.affrc.go.jp/data4/Himalayan/. .
Establish early warning Establish early warning
system to save villages from system to save villages from
GLOF in down stream.GLOF in down stream.
Establishing network Establishing network
infrastructure for researchers infrastructure for researchers
working in climate change working in climate change
worldwide.worldwide.
Island (Imja) Peak
Imja Glacier
Imja Lake
Mt. Everest
Imja Glacial lake is a large lake on moraine with narrow outlet located at 5100 + m altitude. It is formed by melted glaciers. Water level is rising, high risk of Glacial Lake Out-Burst and several villages downstream are on risk.
Imja Now and Then
May, 2008
Technology DeployedTechnology Deployed
Field Server : A sensor developed by Field Server : A sensor developed by National Agriculture Research National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), JapanCenter (NARC), Japan
Wi-FiWi-Fi
Internet through VSATInternet through VSAT
Web Server (Measurement & Web Server (Measurement & Device Control)Device Control)
Sensors (up to 24 channel)Sensors (up to 24 channel)
(Air temp., humidity, Solar (Air temp., humidity, Solar radiation, COradiation, CO22, Water level in Imja)
IP Camera for picture and video IP Camera for picture and video
Solar CellSolar Cell
FIELD SERVER
Wireless Network from Imja Lake to Wireless Network from Imja Lake to Namche Bazar – 4 days walkNamche Bazar – 4 days walk
Pangboche
Dingboche
Namche bazaar
Chhukung Ri
Kalapathar
Quangde
Tengboche
Loboche (Pyramid)
Phortse
Everest base camp
Imja lake
Khumbu Glacier
•Everest
25 Km
Lesson Lesson LearntLearnt
Countries situated in Himalayan region are highly Countries situated in Himalayan region are highly
vulnerable to climate changevulnerable to climate change
ICT is an appropriate technology to address Climate ICT is an appropriate technology to address Climate
ChangeChange
The skill of available human resources within the The skill of available human resources within the
developing nation are sufficient for establishing such developing nation are sufficient for establishing such
systemsystem
New development in wireless and sensor technologies, New development in wireless and sensor technologies, availability of broadband Internet connectivity are great availability of broadband Internet connectivity are great opportunities foropportunities for
developing efficient monitoring and early warning developing efficient monitoring and early warning systemssystems
creating knowledgebase for coping and adapting the creating knowledgebase for coping and adapting the changes due to climate changechanges due to climate change
national and international researchers outside the national and international researchers outside the region to study on glaciers and its associates due to region to study on glaciers and its associates due to climate change in real timeclimate change in real time
local people or decision makers in developing nations local people or decision makers in developing nations to get real time advisory from experts and others for to get real time advisory from experts and others for immediate action to be taken on disaster or any other immediate action to be taken on disaster or any other natural eventsnatural events
Lesson Learnt, Contd………..
Challenges in implementing ICT for Challenges in implementing ICT for climate change in developing nationsclimate change in developing nations
Network Infrastructure – large pats of rural areas Network Infrastructure – large pats of rural areas are not covered by existing infrastructure, private are not covered by existing infrastructure, private service providers have less priority to serve these service providers have less priority to serve these areas. areas.
Creating own private network is still very Creating own private network is still very expensive.expensive.
Limited and expensive bandwidth cost for internet Limited and expensive bandwidth cost for internet connectivity.connectivity.
Power supply – need to depend on solar energy, Power supply – need to depend on solar energy, high initial cost.high initial cost.
Awareness - top level decision makers and ICT Awareness - top level decision makers and ICT professionals are not aware of potentiality of ICT professionals are not aware of potentiality of ICT in Climate Change.in Climate Change.
Lack of activities to build the confidence of Lack of activities to build the confidence of stakeholders about ICT in climate change.stakeholders about ICT in climate change.
Affordability – devices and sensors to be used for Affordability – devices and sensors to be used for ICT enable system for climate change is still very ICT enable system for climate change is still very expensive and not affordable.expensive and not affordable.
Challenges in implementing ICT, Contd………..