1. Challenges towards Model-Based Development of ELearning
Management Systems Josefina Guerrero-Garca, Juan Manuel
Gonzlez-Calleros, Jaime Muoz-Arteaga, Miguel ngel Len-Chvez, Carlos
Reyes-Garca Benemrita Universidad Autnoma de Puebla Universidad
Autnoma de Aguascalientes Instituto Nacional de Astrofsica, ptica y
Electrnica [email protected] WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
2. Plan 1. Introduction 2. State of the art 3. Challenges
towards Model-Based Development of ELearning Management Systems 4.
Conclusions2 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
3. Introduction The design of a learning process Links users to
domain-specific information Collaboration spaces Knowledge transfer
Knowledge generation. Efficient and stimulating Better and
effective learning The strategy must consider at least: Design of
learning content, Design of different ways to present content
(textual, graphical or mixed) Considering different devices (PDA,
mobile phones, laptop) Collaboration during learning process.
Issues related to the context Learning Style3 WILE2011 Puebla
28/11/2011
4. 2. State of the Art4 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
5. State of the Art Criteria/Work (Jonassen (McDonald (Germn
(Gonzalez et et al.) et al.) et al.) al) [19] Formal specification
Activity Conceptual State Workflow technique theory framework
machine Environment NonA C-Flow Cated Ecool Personalization + + -
++ Multiple User -- + -- ++ interface. Reverse engineering -- + --
++ Customization + + + ++ Learning objects + ++ ++ ++ Multimedia
content + ++ + ++ Traceability of - -- + ++ collaborative learning5
WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
6. 3. Challenges towards Model-Based Development of ELearning
Management Systems Formal Methodology6 WILE2011 Puebla
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7. 3.1 Formal Methodology (a) We argue that creating learning
content is an activity that would benefit from the application of a
development methodology which is typically composed of: 1. A set of
models defined according to an ontology. 1. A set of descriptions
of the concepts and relationships within a field of knowledge
(learning process). 2. A language that expresses these models. M 1.
Models are uniformly and univocally expressed according to a single
Specification Language. 2. A genuine User Interface Description
Language (UIDL) is needed based on a trilogy (semantics, syntax,
stylistics) 3. A principle-based method manipulating these models
based on guidelines. 1. The goal is not to come up with yet another
Software Development Method but to reuse existing work and
structure it accordingly.7 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
8. 3.1 Formal Methodology (b) Cont.. development methodology
composed of: 4. A set of software Tools: A suite of software
engineering tools that supports the designer and the developer
during the development life cycle according to the method. The set
of software tools required to support the development of learning
content includes: Model editors to assist a designer in
constructing the models. Design critics provide a designer with
quality assessment facilities. Implementation tools translate a
specification into a representation that can be used by a compiler,
an interpreter or an interface builder.8 Transformation tools
provide support to thePuebla 28/11/2011 WILE2011 designer to edit,
store, and exe-cute model transformation rules.
9. 3.1 Formal Methodology (c) - Models W o rkflo w -id : S
tring -nam es : S tring so u rceP ro cess targ etP ro cess -sourceP
rocessId : S tring -targetP rocessId : S tring 1 1..* 1..* 1..* 1 1
P ro cess -id : S tring 1 p ro cessO p erato r 1..* p ro cessM o d
el -nam e : S tring -id : S tring 1..* -frequency : Integer -nam e
: S tring -im portance : Integer 0..* -category : Integer 1 O rg an
izatio n al u n it 0..* Jo b so u rce targ et -id : S tring 1..*
-nam e : S tring -id : S tring -souuceId : S tring -targetId : S
tring -organizationO bjectives : S tring -nam e : S tring 1..* 1..*
2..* -organizationR ules : S tring 1..* T ask 1..* 1..* -id : S
tring 1 1 0..* -nam e : S tring T ask R eso u rce 1..* 1..*
-category : S tring 1 taskR elatio n sh ip s 1..* taskM o d el
-frequency : Integer -id : S tring -im portance : Integer -nam e :
S tring -term inationV alue : S tring 0..* 1 -taskT ype : S tring
-taskItem : S tring -preC ondition : S tring 0..* 1..* tem p o ral
U serS tereo typ e Im m aterial M aterial d eco m p o sitio n - -id
: S tring 0..1 -stereotypeN am e : S tring -taskE xperience : S
tring -system E xperience : S tring -deviceE xsperience : S tring
-taskM otivation : S tring 1..*9 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
10. 3.1 Formal Methodology (d) - Language Language Engineering
Approach Semantics Meta Models, UML Class diagrams Syntax Abstract
XML Schema Concrete XML Stylistics Different graphical
representations of the concepts10 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
11. 3.1 Formal Methodology (e) - Language UsiXML Structured
accordingly to the Model Driven paradigm UsiXML relies on a
transformational approach UsiXML allows the modification of the
developments steps UsiXML allows reusing parts of previously
specified UsiXML is open11 Follows a Language Engineering Approach
WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
12. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method A structured catalog of
transformation rules Task and Domain Model Model to that form a
body of design knowledge that Model can be reused in any method
Abstract UI Model Model to Model Concrete UI Model Code Generatio n
Final UI12 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
13. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on
Domain Model Guidelines A set of Principles area added Model to
model to the method Guidelines Abstract UI Model Based on
Guidelines Task patterns Canonical list of task types Model to
Automatic model Evaluation Refined Concrete UI Usability Concrete
UI Model Advisor Model Code Generatio Code n Generatio n Final UI
Final UI13 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
14. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on
Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Abstract UI Based on Model
Guidelines Model to Model Automatic Evaluation Canonical list of
task types Refined Concrete UI Usability Concrete UI Model Advisor
Model Code Generatio n Final UI14 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
15. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on
Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Abstract UI Based on Model
Guidelines Model to Automatic Model Evaluation Concrete UI Model
Usability Advisor Refined Concrete UI Facet Selection Model Code
Generatio n 3D User Interface15 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
16. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on
Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Element Select Input
Abstract UI Based on Model Guidelines Model to Automatic Model
Evaluation Slider Refined Concrete UI Usability Concrete UI Model
Advisor Model AIO Selection Code Generatio n Final UI16 WILE2011
Puebla 28/11/2011
17. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on
Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Abstract UI Based on Model
Guidelines Model to Automatic Model Evaluation Concrete UI
Usability Refined Concrete UI Graphical representation Model
Advisor Model selection Code Generatio n Final UI17 WILE2011 Puebla
28/11/2011
18. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on
Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Abstract UI Based on Model
Guidelines Model to Model Automatic Evaluation Automatic guidelines
evaluation Refined Concrete UI Usability Concrete UI Model Advisor
Model Code Generatio n Final UI18 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
19. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task and Based on
Domain Model Guidelines Model to model Abstract UI Based on Model
Guidelines Model to Automatic Model Evaluation Refined Concrete UI
Usability Concrete UI Model Advisor Model Code Generatio n Final
UI19 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
20. 3. Challenges towards Model-Based Development of ELearning
Management Systems 2. Framework20 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
23. 3.2 Framework MLO Editor We live in a multicultural
environment Learning must adapt to such differences Adding the
multicultural characteristic going beyond regions is a real
challenge. Support to define different MLO adopting different
learning strategies: Constructivist, generative learning, LO model
is needed. Compatible with standards. LOs are conveyed includes:
web pages, PDF documents, video and/or audio content, animations,
and virtual reality to mention a few. Reuse social networks to
store multimedia content slideshare (slides), Wikipedia (free
encyclopedia), YouTube (videos), Picasa (photos), among other, to
share content, we can avoid storing multimedia in the LOs
repositories. The integration of access to social networks is
essential to give versatility to the CMS.23 WILE2011 Puebla
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24. 3.2 Framework MLO Editor The ultimate goal is to automate
this method in a software tool A content management system (CMS)
for creating MLO. Integrating multimedia from social networks ,
such as: slideshare (slides), Wikipedia (free encyclopedia),
YouTube (videos), Picasa (photos), among other, to share content,
Including guidelines to support the method is desirable for the
systematic creation of MLO. Wizard-Based recommendation system CMS
preserving ergonomics, guidelines, heuristics24 and usability
principle WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
26. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design26 WILE2011 Puebla
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27. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design Online services
assisting the learning process design Structuring academic courses
Relevant and adaptable to the context of students Including
learning styles recognition Integrating those efforts and to
connect them to MLO repository is more than just a technological
problem. Content adaptation Learning styles identification Courses
creation27 Assist teachers WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
28. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design A mechanism to assist
teachers for creating a course Reusing material available in the
MLO format. Integrating pedagogical recommendations to create a
system of guidelines for the creation of courses Identifying
multicultural issues in education Identifying different forms of
education (classroom, mixed, distance) Integrating this information
in the specification of a learning process Integrating intelligent
management of information28 in the learning process WILE2011 Puebla
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29. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design Integration of
guidelines to use the tool for defining courses content, assistive
interaction is needed (wizard, intelligent agent) to guide teachers
in this activity. The manager must have a content editor for
courses. A learning process can be described as a workflow model
that is composed of tasks, resources and places where education
takes place. The workflow model is recursively decomposed into
learning processes which are in turn decomposed into tasks. Support
to different learning types and approaches to learn, this is
believed to occur as a progressive series of tasks29 WILE2011
Puebla 28/11/2011 So, a workflow model can be used to plan and
to
30. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design30 WILE2011 Puebla
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31. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design31 WILE2011 Puebla
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32. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design32 WILE2011 Puebla
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33. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design33 WILE2011 Puebla
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34. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design34 WILE2011 Puebla
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35. Algunas IU para las tareas35 WILE2011 Puebla
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36. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design The editor must be
based on ergonomic guidelines should be taken into account in the
development of this editor, for their good design will allow for
easy use. This method should also consider elements such as
academic monitoring, assessments Using the method of assessment
adaptation Practices and exercises, and other traditional elements
considered in a course. The systematic creation of courses based on
a method will allow having more quality content.36 WILE2011 Puebla
28/11/2011
45. Conclusions 1. An alternative method for the automatic
generation of Collaborative Multiplatform Scenarios with
Interactive Learning Objects. Note:This implies: a change in the
current paradigm from eLearning to mLearning (Mobile Learning) to
mpLearning (Multiplatform learning) 2. The overall learning process
is seen as a workflow. 3. This approach introduces a flow control
that allows tackling at the same time, the problem of divergence in
individual learning and the definition of the learning process in
terms of collaboration agents and processes. 4. The introduction of
a meta-description (in UsiXML) that is going to aid in the process
of generation of multiple Uis. WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/201145
46. Future Work Social Network Integration Sharing content
Creating the social network Considering more advanced UserInterface
Generation support Adaptive Adaptable Migratory Graceful
degradation Virtual Reality46 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011
47. Thank you very much Josefina Guerrero-Garca, Juan Manuel
Gonzlez-Calleros, Jaime Muoz-Arteaga, Miguel ngel Len-Chvez, Carlos
Reyes- Garca Benemrita Universidad Autnoma de Puebla Universidad
Autnoma de Aguascalientes Instituto Nacional de Astrofsica, ptica y
Electrnica [email protected] 47 WILE2011 Puebla
28/11/2011