Challenges withChallenges with

Multi-State/JurisdictionalMulti-State/JurisdictionalTransportation PlanningTransportation Planning

Crystal City (Arlington), VirginiaCrystal City (Arlington), Virginia June 18-19, 2001 June 18-19, 2001

Wilbur Smith AssociatesWilbur Smith AssociatesArno Hart and Jim CovilArno Hart and Jim Covil

Report on the Report on the Federal Highway Administration’sFederal Highway Administration’s

White Paper on:White Paper on:

SponsorsSponsors

TransportatioTransportationn

ResearchResearchBoardBoard

I-95 Corridor I-95 Corridor CoalitionCoalition

Seven Multi-State AlliancesSeven Multi-State Alliances

Seven Multi-State AlliancesSeven Multi-State Alliances

I-95I-95

Seven Multi-State AlliancesSeven Multi-State Alliances

High PriorityHigh PriorityCorridor 18Corridor 18

I-69I-69

Seven Multi-State AlliancesSeven Multi-State Alliances

Latin AmericaLatin AmericaTrade and Trade and TransportationTransportationStudyStudy

LATTSLATTS

Seven Multi-State AlliancesSeven Multi-State Alliances

MidwestMidwestRegionalRegionalRail InitiativeRail Initiative

MWRRIMWRRI

Seven Multi-State AlliancesSeven Multi-State Alliances

AppalachiaAppalachiaRegionalRegionalCommissionCommission

ARCARC

Seven Multi-State AlliancesSeven Multi-State Alliances

Binational BorderBinational BorderTransportationTransportationPlanning andPlanning andProgrammingProgrammingProcessProcess

JWCJWC

Seven Multi-State AlliancesSeven Multi-State Alliances

InternationalInternationalMobility andMobility andTrade CorridorTrade Corridor

IMTCIMTC

GoalsGoals

Coordinate/further transportation improvements (ITS)Coordinate/further transportation improvements (ITS)I-95

Plan the development of new highway facilityPlan the development of new highway facilityI-69

Regional passenger rail systemRegional passenger rail systemMWRRI

Position the region for international tradePosition the region for international tradeLATTS

Economic developmentEconomic developmentARC

Coordinate bi-national border crossing investmentsCoordinate bi-national border crossing investmentsJWC

Alleviate border-crossing congestionAlleviate border-crossing congestionIMTC

Multi-stateMulti-stateCoalitionsCoalitions

Multi-stateMulti-stateCoalitionsCoalitions

OriginOriginOriginOrigin

• Cannot be addressed easily Cannot be addressed easily using traditional using traditional approaches approaches

Transportation needsTransportation needs

SingleSingleagencyagencySingleSingleagencyagency

ChampionChampionChampionChampion

Recruit members, organizeRecruit members, organize

Becomes lead agency Becomes lead agency

Previous experience workingPrevious experience workingin a another organizational setup in a another organizational setup

Previous experience workingPrevious experience workingin a another organizational setup in a another organizational setup

Facilitated by:Facilitated by:Facilitated by:Facilitated by:

Example - SASHTOExample - SASHTO

Degrees ofDegrees ofFormalityFormality

Degrees ofDegrees ofFormalityFormality

VariousVariousVariousVarious

• FormalFormal• Set out basic aspectsSet out basic aspects

MOUMOU

• Not a legal documentNot a legal document• Symbolize willingnessSymbolize willingness

Terms of ReferenceTerms of Reference

InformalInformal

• Do not relinquish prerogativesDo not relinquish prerogatives with regard to Alliance decisions with regard to Alliance decisions

MEMBERS ACT ON OWN ACCORDMEMBERS ACT ON OWN ACCORDCoalitions Coalitions Coalitions Coalitions

Act as ForumsAct as ForumsAct as ForumsAct as Forums • No controlling authorityNo controlling authority• No binding authorityNo binding authority

NO POWERSNO POWERS

• Coalitions operate in pursuit of Coalitions operate in pursuit of shared interests shared interests

VOLUNTEER BASISVOLUNTEER BASIS

• To achieve win-winTo achieve win-win• To avoid problems for partnersTo avoid problems for partners

• Some are bigger winners Some are bigger winners • But all must win (perceive)But all must win (perceive)Level of Level of

Commitment Commitment from Membersfrom Members

Level of Level of Commitment Commitment from Membersfrom Members

Influenced byInfluenced byAnticipated BenefitsAnticipated Benefits

Influenced byInfluenced byAnticipated BenefitsAnticipated Benefits

Win-Win Outcome is KeyWin-Win Outcome is KeyWin-Win Outcome is KeyWin-Win Outcome is Key

CompromisesCompromisesCompromisesCompromises

MajorMajorDecisionsDecisions

MajorMajorDecisionsDecisions

Respect for uniqueRespect for uniquecircumstancescircumstances

Respect for uniqueRespect for uniquecircumstancescircumstances

Resolved outside of formal settingsResolved outside of formal settings

Formally ratified at meetingsFormally ratified at meetings

Private - SectorPrivate - SectorAdvocacy GroupAdvocacy GroupPrivate - SectorPrivate - SectorAdvocacy GroupAdvocacy Group

Support of a:Support of a:Support of a:Support of a:

Well organizedWell organized

ActiveActive

Similar ObjectivesSimilar Objectives

Helpful if:Helpful if:Helpful if:Helpful if:

Studies, Studies, Research, etcResearch, etc

Studies, Studies, Research, etcResearch, etc

Beyond staff resourcesBeyond staff resourcesBeyond staff resourcesBeyond staff resources

Retain External ServicesRetain External Services

AlliancesAlliancesAlliancesAlliances

• Achieve more than if eachAchieve more than if each members act alone members act alone

COLLECTIVE POWERCOLLECTIVE POWER

GreaterGreatersphere ofsphere ofinfluenceinfluence

GreaterGreatersphere ofsphere ofinfluenceinfluence

Especially true if seekingEspecially true if seekingFederal discretionary fundsFederal discretionary funds

PooledPooledFundFund

ApproachApproach • Tackle larger issuesTackle larger issues• Broadens the scopeBroadens the scope• Greater flexibilityGreater flexibility

Achieve moreAchieve more

Seven Multi-State AlliancesSeven Multi-State Alliances

FederalFederalAgenciesAgenciesFederalFederal

AgenciesAgencies

TypicallyTypicallyplay a roleplay a roleTypicallyTypically

play a roleplay a role

Source of fundingSource of funding

Disproportionate to roleDisproportionate to roleon steering committeeon steering committee

FinancialFinancialParticipationParticipationBy MembersBy Members

FinancialFinancialParticipationParticipationBy MembersBy Members

Staff involvementStaff involvement

Travel expensesTravel expenses

Out-of-state travel policiesOut-of-state travel policiescan limit involvementcan limit involvement

Contribute to “Pool”Contribute to “Pool”

Key to successKey to successKey to successKey to success

FUNDING OF COALITION ACTIVITIESFUNDING OF COALITION ACTIVITIES

IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPOSALSIMPLEMENTATION OF PROPOSALS

InfluencesInfluencesSuccess, orSuccess, orPotential SuccessPotential Success

Level of Level of CommitmentCommitment

FundingFundingSourcesSourcesFundingFundingSourcesSources

TargetTargetTargetTarget

Federal Discretionary GrantsFederal Discretionary Grants

Congressional EarmarksCongressional Earmarks

Leverage state fundsLeverage state funds

• FederalFederal• StateState

Credit ProgramsCredit Programs

Value Value ofof

CoalitionsCoalitions

Value Value ofof

CoalitionsCoalitions

CoordinationCoordination

ConsensusConsensus

Multi-Jurisdiction Multi-Jurisdiction ProjectsProjects

Special FundingSpecial Funding

Three Phases (Lives)Three Phases (Lives)

• Champion pushes ideaChampion pushes idea• Decide on vision, goals, plan, etcDecide on vision, goals, plan, etc

BUILD COALTIONBUILD COALTION BUILD COALTIONBUILD COALTION

• Secure study funding (pool)Secure study funding (pool)• Hire external resourcesHire external resources• Conduct studyConduct study

STUDY/RESEARCHSTUDY/RESEARCH STUDY/RESEARCHSTUDY/RESEARCH

• Mostly coordinateMostly coordinate

IMPLEMENT/COORDINATEIMPLEMENT/COORDINATE IMPLEMENT/COORDINATEIMPLEMENT/COORDINATE

Phase IPhase I

Phase IIPhase II

Phase IIIPhase III

Funding is IssueFunding is Issue

• Members cover costsMembers cover costs• Other association meetingsOther association meetings

BUILD COALTIONBUILD COALTION BUILD COALTIONBUILD COALTION

• Federal earmarks, discret. & formulaFederal earmarks, discret. & formula• Own funds (state)Own funds (state)

STUDY/RESEARCHSTUDY/RESEARCH STUDY/RESEARCHSTUDY/RESEARCH

• Funding is ScarceFunding is Scarce

IMPLEMENT/COORDINATEIMPLEMENT/COORDINATE IMPLEMENT/COORDINATEIMPLEMENT/COORDINATE

Phase IPhase I

Phase IIPhase II

Phase IIIPhase III

Major ChallengeMajor Challenge

Funding NeedsFunding Needs

• Several $ ThousandSeveral $ Thousand

BUILD COALTIONBUILD COALTION BUILD COALTIONBUILD COALTION

• $1-$5 Million$1-$5 Million

STUDY/RESEARCHSTUDY/RESEARCH STUDY/RESEARCHSTUDY/RESEARCH

• $Hundreds of Millions and $Billions$Hundreds of Millions and $Billions

IMPLEMENT/COORDINATEIMPLEMENT/COORDINATE IMPLEMENT/COORDINATEIMPLEMENT/COORDINATE

Phase IPhase I

Phase IIPhase II

Phase IIIPhase III

• Project eligibilityProject eligibility• Competing prioritiesCompeting priorities• Difficulty matching Federal fundsDifficulty matching Federal funds

States Have Limited ResourcesStates Have Limited Resources

Jurisdiction 1Jurisdiction 1 JurisdictionJurisdiction 3Jurisdiction 2Jurisdiction 2 Jurisdiction 4Jurisdiction 4 Jurisdiction 5Jurisdiction 5

AA BB

JobsJobsJobsJobs JobsJobsJobsJobs JobsJobsJobsJobsJobsJobsJobsJobs

Travel transcends boundariesTravel transcends boundaries

Boundaries control jurisdictionBoundaries control jurisdiction

JurisdictionJurisdiction 2Jurisdiction 1Jurisdiction 1 Jurisdiction 3Jurisdiction 3 Jurisdiction 4Jurisdiction 4

CoalitionCoalition

Jurisdiction 1Jurisdiction 1

Jurisdiction 2Jurisdiction 2

Jurisdiction 3Jurisdiction 3

Jurisdiction 4Jurisdiction 4

Multi-State/Jurisdictional Multi-State/Jurisdictional ApproachApproach

CoalitionCoalition

Public SectorPublic Sector

Private SectorPrivate Sector

Expanded ApproachExpanded Approach

CoalitionCoalition

ChallengesChallenges

OpportunitiesOpportunities

Thank YouThank You