CHAMPION LAKES REGIONAL RECREATIONAL PARK …

Bowman Bishaw Pty Ltd (ABN 18 009 238 706) as Trustee for the BBG Scientific Services Trust trading as Bowman Bishaw Gorham

CHAMPION LAKES REGIONAL RECREATIONAL PARK

PRELIMINARY ACID SULFATE SOIL INVESTIGATION

Prepared for:

Dept. of Planning and Infrastructure

Albert Facey House

469 Wellington Street

PERTH WA 6000

Prepared by:

Bowman Bishaw Gorham

290 Churchill Avenue

SUBIACO WA 6008

Telephone: (08) 9382 4744

Facsimile: (08) 9382 1177

Report No: S02073

August 2002

Champion Lakes Regional Recreational Park Page No. i Preliminary Acid Sulfate Soil Investigation

BOWMAN BISHAW GORHAM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Guidance 2

2.0 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WORK 3

3.0 INVESTIGATIONS 4

3.1 Sample Collection 4

3.2 Field pH Measurements 4

3.3 Laboratory Measurements 4

3.3.1 Peroxide Oxidation Combined Acidity and Sulfate (POCAS) 5

3.3.2 Chromium Reducible Sulfur (CRS) 5

4.0 RESULTS 6

4.1 Field pH Test Results (pHF and pHFOX) 6

4.2 Laboratory POCAS and CRS Test Results 7

4.3 Groundwater pH 8

5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9

6.0 REFERENCES 12

Champion Lakes Regional Recreational Park Page No. ii Preliminary Acid Sulfate Soil Investigation


LIST OF TABLES

Table Page No. No.

1 Field pH Assessment Criteria 6

2 Management Plan Action Criteria for Soil Texture Categories 8

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No.

1 Concept Layout and Soil Investigation Locations

2 POCAS and CRS Summary Results

3 Interpolated Groundwater pH (June 2002)

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A Soil Profile Logs

Appendix B Laboratory Certificates

Champion Lakes Regional Recreational Park Page No. 1 Preliminary Acid Sulfate Soil Investigation


1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The City of Armadale and the Department of Planning and Infrastructure (DPI) jointly

propose to develop a regional multi-purpose water-based recreational park, incorporating

an international standard rowing course, at the site of Wright Lake in Westfield (Figure

1). The proposed site is situated on the Swan Coastal Plain between the Canning and

Southern Rivers and extends over approximately 120ha, including 25ha of land currently

occupied by the lake, with the balance comprising a mixture of pasture and vacant land.

The geology of the study area comprises the Bassendean Sand (sand and silty sand) of

variable thickness underlain by Guildford Formation (sandy clay and clayey sand).

The creation of the park will necessitate the excavation of 2,926,000m3 of in-situ

material from within the development footprint assuming a rowing channel floor

excavation level of 17mAHD (Tabec 19 July 2002). Surplus fill excavated from the

development will be offered to the Main Roads design and construct contractor for the

adjacent Tonkin Highway extension, which is planned for commencement in 2002/03. It

has been inferred from previous investigations (GHD, 2002) that at least 25% of the

excavated soils within the assumed boundaries of the channel will meet Main Roads WA

specifications for embankment construction.

The bulk earthworks program will be delivered by advance dewatering below the water

table of the channel excavation area and use of conventional earthmoving plant.

Consultations held with the Department of Environment, Water and Catchment

Protection (DEWCP), in support of the preparation of the Public Environmental Review

(PER), identified a requirement to investigate the possible occurrence of Potential Acid

Sulfate Soils (PASS) and/or Actual Acid Sulfate Soils (AASS) within the anticipated

excavation areas prior to the commencement of works. This undertaking was not

formerly recognised as an EPA objective at the outset of the scheme.

Although PASS materials are benign while they remain in an anaerobic environment,

their disturbance through excavation or drainage works, can present serious potential

risks to the aquatic and built environments. The conversion of reduced inorganic pyritic

sulfides to sulfuric acid can lead to highly acidic discharges to soils, groundwaters or

surface waters, combined with elevated levels of sulfate and potentially toxic elements

such as aluminium or arsenic.



The investigation of the presence, magnitude and extent of PASS/AASS therefore

constitutes an essential component of assessing the potential environmental effects of the

proposed disturbance. In particular, it will assist in the identification of appropriate

management and mitigation strategies to control the associated risks to water quality

within the proposed water bodies and/or fill materials employed for the adjacent

alignment of the Tonkin Highway and other built infrastructure.

1.2 Guidance

The preliminary acid sulfate soil investigation was undertaken with reference to

guidance provided in the following documents:

• C.R. Ahern, M.R. Ahern and B. Powell, 1998. Guidelines for Sampling and

Analysis of Lowland Acid Sulfate Soils (ASS) in Queensland 1998. Queensland

Acid Sulfate Soils Investigation Team (QASSIT), Queensland Department of

Natural Resources and Mines.

• New South Wales Acid Sulfate Soil Management Advisory Committee, 1998.

Acid Sulfate Soil Manual.

• New South Wales Acid Sulfate Soil Management Advisory Committee, 2000.

Acid Sulfate Soils – Keys to Success.

• Gutteridge Haskins and Davey Pty Ltd, 2002. Tonkin Highway Extension –

Champion Lakes: Report on Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation.

• Bulk Earth Works maps and data provided by Tabec Civil Engineering

Consultants (19 July 2002).



2.0 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WORK

The primary objective of the preliminary investigation was to investigate the presence

and the requirement to manage PASS and AASS within the proposed development.

Towards meeting this objective, the following scope of works was agreed with DEWCP:

• Sampling and analysis of in-situ soils at 7 locations within the curtilage of

Wright Lake and 7 inside the proposed excavation boundaries of the rowing

channel and return lane to a maximum depth of 6m. The sampling transect was

based on conceptual design Option 1B. A preliminary sampling frequency of

10% of the recommended NSW guideline level was discussed and agreed

beforehand with DEWCP.

• Measurement of field pHF and peroxide pHFOX at 25-50cm depth intervals down

the soil profile at each location, to the proposed target depth.

• Laboratory analysis of selected samples using the standardised Peroxide

Oxidation Combined Acidity and Sulfate (POCAS) and Chromium Reducible

Sulfur (CRS) test methods, based on the results of the field testing program.

• Comparison of field and laboratory results with relevant field identification

assessment criteria and acid sulfate soil management plan action criteria

respectively.

• Provide recommendations for further investigation and management plan

requirements to be addressed in advance of the commencement of development.

The assessment of Wright Lake, between Cammillo and Lake View roads, had to be

excluded from the assessment program because the Department of Indigenous Affairs

was unable to approve access within the program schedule. Approval to disturb the lake

bed was not forthcoming in the currency of the investigation.



3.0 INVESTIGATIONS

3.1 Sample Collection

Soil samples were retrieved using a drill rig fitted with hollow stem auger and split

spoon sampler at each location, as shown on Figure 1. The geographical co-ordinates of

each auger hole position were recorded using a Global Positioning System.

Samples were recovered at vertical depth increments of between 25-50cm down the

profile at each location. Field descriptions of each sampling horizon were recorded using

the nomenclature of the Australian Soil and Land Survey Field Handbook (McDonald et

al., 1990) (Appendix A), including observations of texture, colour, mottles and, where

present, the abundance and size distribution of any carbonate material in the recovered

sample.

3.2 Field pH Measurements

Field pHF tests were conducted on soil samples at each sampling interval to provide an

indication of the presence of AASS. Each of the soil samples was also oxidised using

hydrogen peroxide and the pHFOX measured after oxidation to assess the presence of

PASS. The vigour of the reaction with peroxide was also recorded.

Investigations into existing groundwater levels and quality within the site in June 2002

included the measurement of pH. The monitoring bores were located remote from the

ASS sampling locations, however, the results were used as an indication of any existing

acidity within the groundwater. A full discussion of groundwater quality is presented in

Appendix H of the PER.

3.3 Laboratory Measurements

Soil samples collected for chemical analysis were placed into glass jars and immediately

sealed to minimise exposure to air and potential moisture loss. Containers were stored in

a clean esky cooler containing ice packs to minimise the potential for sulfide oxidation

in the field. All samples were delivered to the laboratory within 24 hours of collection

and kept frozen until ready to oven dry.



3.3.1 Peroxide Oxidation Combined Acidity and Sulfate (POCAS)

A total of 30 selected oven-dried soil samples were subjected to the POCAS test method,

which is the standardised test recommended by both the Queensland and NSW

governments.

The POCAS technique measures the sulfur released as sulfate by pyrite oxidation and

the net acidity caused by pyrite oxidation.

3.3.2 Chromium Reducible Sulfur (CRS)

Based on the outcomes of the POCAS test results, two oven-dried soil samples were

analysed using the Chromium Reducible Sulfur method to verify the POCAS test results.

The CRS technique is specific to reduced inorganic sulfur compounds in AASS/PASS

and is not measurably affected by sulfur in organic matter or sulfates.



4.0 RESULTS

4.1 Field pH Test Results (pHF and pHFOX)

A combination of three factors requires consideration in arriving at a positive

identification of PASS in the field, in accordance with the latest Queensland guidelines,

including the:

• Strength of reaction with hydrogen peroxide.

• Difference between field and peroxide pH measurements (∆pH).

• Absolute value of pHFOX.

In addition to the above, Table 1 presents the following simple assessment matrix

criteria, as devised by the Acid Sulfate Soils Management Advisory Committee of NSW

(ASSMAC, 2000), may also be applied to assist in the preliminary identification of

PASS and AASS.

Table 1

Field pH Assessment Criteria

pH Measurement Type

AASS PASS Neither AASS or PASS

pHF < 4 > 4 > 4 pHFOX < 4 < 4 > 4

On the basis of the above assessment criteria, the following conclusions were drawn in

respect of the field data results:

• 79 of the 85 samples subjected to field testing (or 93% of total) exhibited pHF

and pHFOX results, which were not indicative of PASS or AASS. The equivalent

laboratory pH results showed relatively poor correlation with the field data, but

nonetheless also confirmed the very low incidence of PASS within the sampled

soil horizons.



• Positive field tests were obtained for 6 samples (or 7% of total), which showed

pHF and pHFOX results indicative of the presence of PASS. Recorded pH

differences (between pHF and pHFOX) for these samples ranged from 0.7 and 3.8,

providing a negligible to significant indication of the presence of PASS.

• With the exception of sample ASS12-1, no other field peroxide pHFOX values

were recorded less than 3, which is generally considered as the pH value below

which PASS may be strongly suspected.

• Laboratory pH results similarly indicated the presence of PASS at a single

location in sample ASS12-1.

4.2 Laboratory POCAS and CRS Test Results

Laboratory POCAS and CRS results are presented in Figure 2. Of the 30 soil samples

selected for analysis based on field test observations, only 1 sample (ASS12-5) exhibited

analytical results representative of PASS. In this case, the peroxide oxidisable sulfur

level (SPOS = 0.083%) showed good correlation with the chromium reducible sulfur

result (SCR = 0.07%), which confirms the significant sulfidic potential of the soil at this

location.

Albeit sample ASS12-1 showed high total potential acidity (TPA = 388 moles H+/tonne)

and a significant pH drop on oxidation, this was not reflected in the sulfur trail. Further

confirmatory analysis using the chromium reducible method (SCR = 0.002%) showed

that the soil was not a PASS material, with the observed acid generation being attributed

to organic matter rather than sulfide. The presence of organic acidity in ASS12-1 was

consistent with the peaty nature of the soil recorded at this location.

At location ASS12-5, sulfidic sulfur and acid concentrations exceeded the accepted

action criteria adopted in the Queensland guidelines (Table 2) when PASS disturbed at a

site requires management (i.e. SCR+STAA > 0.03% and SCR+TAA > 18 moles H+/tonne).

The observed exceedences for ASS12-5 were of the order of 2.4-fold the respective

guideline values for coarse textured and loamy sands, therefore triggering a requirement

to prepare an Acid Sulfate Soils Management Plan (ASSMP) in support of any future

dewatering and excavation program.



Calcium and magnesium test results indicated that all soils have minimal self

neutralising capacity.

Table 2

Management Plan Action Criteria for Soil Texture Categories

Type of Material Action Criteria (<1000 tonnes)

Action Criteria (>1000 tonnes)

Existing + Potential Acidity Existing + Potential Acidity

Texture Approx. Clay

Content

(%<0.002mm)

Sulfur Trail

%S Oxidisable

(STAA + SCR)

Acid Trail

mol H+/tonne

(TAA + a-SCR)

Sulfur Trail

%S Oxidisable

(STAA + SCR)

Acid Trail

mol H+/tonne

(TAA + a-SCR)

Coarse Texture (sands

to loamy sands)

� 5

0.03

18

0.03

18

Medium Texture (sandy

loams to light clays)

5 - 40

0.06

36

0.03

18

Fine Texture (medium to heavy clays and silty clays)

� 40

0.1

62

0.03

18

4.3 Groundwater pH

Field monitoring of groundwater levels and quality reported in Appendix H of the PER

indicate moderately acid to neutral groundwater pH within the site. Figure 3 shows an

interpolation using the GMS modelling package of measured groundwater pH across the

site. The lowest pH (3.7) was recorded in the vicinity of ASS sampling location ASS12,

where sulfidic sulfur and acid concentrations exceeded the accepted action criteria. It is

believed that the groundwater acidity may result from the seasonal fluctuation of the

watertable exposing PASS material to air for a period during which some oxidation to

AASS occurs. The oxidation process is expected to desist when the soil becomes

saturated as the watertable rises.



5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Field and laboratory tests indicate PASS are absent over most of the area sampled.

Further intrusive investigations will be required in advance of the commencement of

earthworks to:

• Delineate the lateral and vertical extent of PASS material in the locality of

ASS12 and relate the presence of PASS to the interpolated extent of acidic

groundwater.

• Establish the spatial and vertical distribution of PASS and/or AASS in the lake

sediments of Wright Lake, which has not been investigated to date due to access

restrictions.

Given that the original sampling transect was based on the Option 1B conceptual

earthworks layout, which has since been superceded, consideration should also be given

to sampling areas now earmarked for excavation. DEWCP should be consulted and the

test work incorporated into the management plan objectives for the site.

The detection of PASS within the profile at location ASS12 indicates the requirement to

prepare a formal Acid Sulfate Soil Management Plan (ASSMP) in support of proposed

earthworks programs. Whilst ASS12 is now situated in land which will not be excavated

under the revised engineering design, PASS deposits may extend outward from this

location and encroach upon adjacent proposed recreational water bodies. Dewatering

activities carried out in the vicinity of ASS12 also have the potential to liberate

additional acidity into the groundwater environment if inappropriately managed.

The primary objective of the ASSMP should be to provide a framework of practical and

achievable monitoring and control strategies, within which future development can be

guided, such that no unacceptable effects will occur to human health or the environment

from the disturbance of soils within the proposed development area.



Key areas to be addressed in the ASSMP to facilitate the appropriate management of

potential acid sulfate soils on-site will include details of:

• Proposals for further investigation to develop more accurate data on the extent,

depth and characteristics of any acid sulfate soils, having due regard to the

outcomes of the preliminary investigation and the variation between Option 1B

and the preferred conceptual design.

• Proposed prevention, minimisation and mitigation strategies for controlling

environmental impacts caused by dewatering and excavation operations,

including, but not limited to:

- treatment and use of any excavated material (including strategic burial

considerations).

- treatment of acidity.

- containment strategies to manage site runoff and infiltration.

- techniques for managing water table height.

- management of any existing acidity and contamination being produced.

• Proposed monitoring programs for surface waters and groundwaters and remedial

measures to mitigate potential impacts caused by disturbance of PASS.

• Implementation responsibilities for environmental management.

• Reporting requirements and auditing responsibilities to ensure that agreed

performance objectives are met, including quality assurance considerations.

• Contingency measures to rectify any deviation from the agreed performance

standards.

For the purpose of this document and the management of PASS, it could be assumed

here that the entire bed of Wright Lake contains PASS. If this were the case, which

appears unlikely based on preliminary groundwater pH readings, then all PASS would

be managed, as required, in accordance with the relevant ASSMP to be approved by the

regulatory authorities.



At present, the preferred management option for any PASS recovered from below

Wright Lake is strategic reburial below the liner of the IRC, beneath the permanent

watertable, to maintain anaerobic conditions in the long term.

As noted previously sampling for PASS from Wright Lake has been precluded due to

access restrictions. The lake currently contains approximately 600mm of water, and if

approvals were received to allow sampling prior to summer 2002/03, this would require

a barge-mounted drill rig at considerable cost.

Given that no earthworks will occur within the site until at least July, 2003, and that the

proponent has committed to manage any PASS and AASS irrespective of the volume of

soils generated, it is considered reasonable to conclude that the final determination of

whether PASS do occur below Wright Lake be conducted when the lake is dry, most

likely in February or March 2003.

If PASS are identified by the forthcoming sampling regime, then they will be managed

in accordance with the Construction Management Plan, and ASSMP, as approved by the

regulatory authorities.



6.0 REFERENCES

C.R. Ahern, M.R. Ahern and B. Powell, 1998. Guidelines for Sampling and Analysis of

Lowland Acid Sulfate Soils (ASS) in Queensland 1998. Queensland Acid Sulfate

Soils Investigation Team (QASSIT), Queensland Department of Natural Resources

and Mines.

New South Wales Acid Sulfate Soil Management Advisory Committee, 1998. Acid

Sulfate Soil Manual.

New South Wales Acid Sulfate Soil Management Advisory Committee, 2000. Acid

Sulfate Soils – Keys to Success.

Gutteridge Haskins and Davey Pty Ltd, 2002. Tonkin Highway Extension – Champion

Lakes: Report on Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation.

Department of Environment, Water and Catchment Protection, 2002. Draft DEWCP and

EPA Guidance on Acid Sulfate Soils

FIGURES

Figure 2

POCAS and CRS Summary Results

Figure 3Interpolated pH in Groundwater

June 20020 1000

metres

pH

4.0

4.3

4.6

4.9

5.2

5.5

5.8

6.1

6.4

6.7

ASS14

ASS13

ASS11

ASS10

ASS9

ASS8

B16B15

B12

B8

ASS12

B4

B1

LWPZ1

LW6

LW5

LW4

LW3

LW2

LW1

KIRK1

KIN1

STGEO1

GERT1

ASS12

B4 Groundwater Monitoring Bores

Acid Sulfate Soils Field Investigation Sites

APPENDIX A

Soil Profile Logs

PROJECT NUMBER: S02073 DATE: 17.05.02

PROJECT NAME: Champion Lakes ASS Investigation TIME: 8.00

LOCATION ID: ASS 8 WEATHER: Fine/Cloudy

AREA NAME: End Cammillo Rd METHOD: Hollow Stem Auger and Split Spoon

SCIENTIST: C. Powell TOTAL DEPTH: 6m

EASTING: 405 578 NORTHING: 644 7620 STORAGE:

SAMPLE ID DEPTH (cm) COLOUR TEXTURE pH FIELD pH OXIDISED PEROXIDE REACTION

ASS8-1 0/25 Brown Fine/Medium Clayey Sand 6.25 5.35 Negligible

25/50 Brown - Orange Fine/Medium Clayey Sand

ASS8-2 50/75 Orange Fine/Medium Clayey Sand 6.40 6.20 Moderate

75/100 Orange Fine/Medium Clayey Sand

ASS8-3 100/125 Orange Fine/Medium Clayey Sand 6.50 5.95 Moderate

125/150 Orange Fine Clayey Sand

ASS8-4 150/175 Orange Fine Clayey Sand 6.84 5.27 Moderate

175/200 Pale Orange Fine Clayey Sand

ASS8-5 200/225 Pale Orange Fine Clayey Sand 7.30 5.56 Moderate

225/250 Pale Orange Fine Clayey Sand

ASS8-6 250/280 Pale Orange Fine Clayey Sand (some gravel) 5.91 5.27 Negligible

ASS8-7 280/320 Yellow Orange Fine Clayey Sand 5.64 5.32 Negligible

ASS8-8 320/360 Yellow Orange Fine Clayey Sand 5.38 5.24 Negligible

ASS8-9 360/400 Yellow Grey Fine Sandy Clay Loam 6.07 6.47 Moderate

400/425 Yellow Grey Fine Sandy Clay Loam 5.82 5.48 Slight

ASS8-10 425/450 Yellow Grey Fine Sandy Clay Loam

450/475 Yellow Grey Fine Sandy Clay Loam

ASS8-11 475/500 Grey Gravely Sand 7.55 4.99 Negligible

475/500 Pale grey Clayey Sand

500/520 Pale grey Clayey Sand

ASS8-12 520/550 Yellow Clayey Sand and Gravel 5.38 5.11 Moderate

550/575 Pale Yellow Grey Clayey Sand

ASS8-13 575/600 Pale Yellow Grey Clayey Sand 5.39 5.12 Negligible

COMMENTS

ACID SULPHATE SOILS FIELD TESTING LOG



LOCATION ID: ASS 9 WEATHER: Fine

AREA NAME: Rear Duck farm METHOD: Hollow Stern Auger and Split Spoon



SAMPLE ID DEPTH (cm) COLOUR SAND TEXTURE pH FIELD pH OXIDISED PEROXIDE REACTION

ASS9-1 0/25Brown Silty Sand to Grey Silty

SandMedium/Fine 6.62 5.05 Slight

25/50Orange Mottled Grey Silty

SandMedium/Fine

ASS9-2 50/75 Orange Mottled Grey Silty Sand

Medium/Fine 6.82 5.12 Slight

75/100 Pale Grey Silty Sand Medium/Fine

ASS9-3 100/125 Grey/Yellow Mottled Clayey Sand

Medium/Fine 6.68 5.37 Slight

125/140 Grey/Yellow Mottled Clayey Sand

Medium/Fine

140/160 Orange Clayey Sand Medium/Fine 6.33 5.29 Negligible

ASS9-4 160/200 Pale Yellow Sand Medium

ASS9-5 200/250 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Medium/Fine 6.45 5.23 Negligible

250/275 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Medium/Fine

ASS9-6 275/300 Clayey Sand Pale Grey Medium/Fine 6.19 5.05 Slight

300/325 Clayey Sand Pale Grey Medium/Fine





ASS9-9 450/480 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Medium/Fine 5.57 3.60 Slight

480/510 Pale Grey Clayey Sand Medium/Fine

ASS9-10 510/550 Pale Grey Clayey Sand Medium/Fine 5.86 3.70 Slight

ASS9-11 550/600 Pale Grey Clayey Sand Medium/Fine 5.02 3.64 Slight

COMMENTS




LOCATION ID: ASS 10 WEATHER: Cloudy

AREA NAME: End Cammillo Rd METHOD: Hollow Stem Auger and Split Spoon




ASS10-1 0/25 Brown Clayey Sand Medium/Fine 4.60 4.90 Slight

25/50 White/Pale Grey Silty Sand Fine

ASS10-2 50/75 White/Pale Grey Silty Sand Fine 5.10 5.50 Slight

75/100 White/Pale Grey Silty Sand Fine

ASS10-3 100/125 Yellow Sandy ClayMedium Sand Medium Loose

Clay6.30 5.60 Negligible

125/150 Yellow Sandy ClayMedium Sand Medium Loose

Clay

ASS10-4 150/180 Orange Gravelly Clay Cohesive/Dense 6.20 5.60 Negligible

180/200 Grey/Brown Sandy Clay Cohesive/Dense

ASS10-5 200/225 Grey/Brown Sandy Clay Cohesive/Dense 6.50 4.90 Slight

225/250 Grey/Brown Sandy ClayMedium Sand Unconsolidated

Clay

ASS10-6 250/275 Grey/Brown Sandy ClayMedium Sand Unconsolidated

Clay6.40 3.90 Slight

275/300 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Fine/Firm

ASS10-7 300/325 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Fine/Firm 6.40 5.30 Slight


ASS10-8 350/375 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Fine/Firm 6.20 5.50 Negligible


400/420 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Fine Sand Unconsolidated Clay

ASS10-9 420/440 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Firm 6.10 5.40 Negligible

440/450 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Firm

450/500 Grey Brown Clayey Sand Medium/Fine

ASS10-10 500/525Pale Grey/Off White Clayey

SandMedium/Fine 7.10 5.40 Slight


ASS10-11 550/575 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Medium/Fine 6.50 5.30 Slight


COMMENTS




LOCATION ID: ASS 11 WEATHER: Cloudy

AREA NAME: Sand Dunes METHOD: Hollow Stem Auger and Split Spoon & SPT

SCIENTIST: C. Powell TOTAL DEPTH: 6 mbgl



ASS11-1 0/25 Brown Silty Organic Medium/Fine 4.80 5.00 Slight

25/50Pale Grey Brown

Silty Medium/Fine

ASS11-2 50/75Pale Grey Brown

Silty Medium/Fine 4.60 4.80 Slight

75/100 Pale Grey Silty Medium/Fine

ASS11-3 100/125 Pale Grey Silty Fine 4.80 5.30 Slight

125/150 Pale Grey Silty Fine


Clayey Sand Fine 5.90 5.20 Negligible

175/200Pale Grey Brown

Clayey Sand Fine


Clayey Sand Fine 5.90 5.20 NegligiblePale Grey to Brown

Clayey Sand Fine

ASS11-6 300/325Pale Grey/Off White

Clayey Sand Fine 6.10 5.20 Negligible

ASS11-7 325/350 Grey Sandy Clay Fine 6.20 5.00 Negligible

ASS11-8 350/375Pale Brown Clayey

Sand Fine 6.30 5.20 Negligible

375/400Pale Grey Sandy

Clay Medium sand - consolidated clay

400/425Layered with Pale Grey Clayey Sand Medium sand - consolidated clay

ASS11-9 425/450Layered with Pale Grey Clayey Sand Medium sand - consolidated clay 6.20 5.00 Slight

ASS11-10 450/475Layered with Pale Grey Clayey Sand Medium sand - consolidated clay 6.00 5.30 Slight

475/500 Pale Grey Clayey

Sand Fine

ASS11-11 500/525Pale Grey Clayey


525/550Pale Grey Clayey

Sand Fine

ASS11-12 550/575Pale Grey Clayey


575/600Pale Grey Clayey

Sand Fine

COMMENTS




LOCATION ID: ASS 12 WEATHER: Fine/Cloudy

AREA NAME: Sheep Paddock METHOD: Hollow Stem Auger and Split Spoon & SPT




ASS12-1 0/25 Grey/Brown Silty Organic Medium/Fine 4.60 3.90 Slight

25/50 Pale Grey/Off White Fine

ASS12-2 50/75 Pale Grey/Off White Fine 4.30 4.80 Negligible


ASS12-3 100/125 Pale Grey/Off White Fine 4.30 4.80 Negligible


ASS12-4 150/175 Grey/Brown Clayey Fine 5.50 4.80 Negligible

ASS12-5 175/200 Brown Clayey Coffee Sand Fine with Gravel 5.50 3.90 Slight

200/250 no sample recovered

ASS12-6 250/275 Pale Grey (Brownish) Fine 5.40 1.60 Negligible

275/300 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Consolidated

ASS12-7 300/325 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Consolidated 5.50 4.30 Negligible

325/350 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Consolidated

ASS12-8 350/375All with Lenses of Pale Grey

Clayey Sand 5.70 4.70 Negligible

375/400All with Lenses of Pale Grey

Clayey Sand



425/450All with Lenses of Pale Grey

Clayey Sand



475/500

ASS12-11 500/525 5.60 4.50 Negligible

525/550

ASS12-12 550/575 5.70 4.50 Negligible

575/600

COMMENTS

Layers of Pale Grey Sandy Clay & Clayey Sand Throughout

Medium/Fine sand





AREA NAME: Duckfarm South METHOD: Hollow Stem Auger and Split Spoon




ASS13-1 0/25 Pale Grey Silty Sand, Orange Mottles Fine/Medium 6.91 5.13 Slight

25/50 Pale Grey Silty Sand, Orange Mottles

ASS13-2 50/75 Pale Grey Silty Sand, Orange Mottles Fine/Medium 5.61 4.34 Negligible

75/100 Pale Grey Silty Sand, Orange Mottles

100/125 Pale Grey Silty Sand, Orange Mottles Fine/Medium

ASS13-3 125/150 Mottled Orange and Grey Sand Fine 4.49 4.75 Slight

150/175 Mottled Orange and Grey Sand Fine

ASS13-4 175/200 Orange/Yellow Sand Clayey Sand Fine/Medium 4.24 4.73 Slight

200/225 Orange/Yellow Sand Clayey Sand

ASS13-5 225/250 Yellow Clayey Sand Gravel Fine 4.08 4.30 Slight

250/275 Yellow Clayey Sand Gravel Fine

ASS13-6 275/300 Yellow Clayey Sand Gravel Fine 4.43 4.57 Slight

300/325 Yellow Clayey Sand Gravel Fine

ASS13-7 325/360 Grey Clayey Sand with Red mottles Fine 4.27 4.12 Slight

360/375 Grey Clayey Sand with Red mottles

ASS13-8 375/400 Grey Sandy Clay Medium/Fine 5.03 4.08 Negligible

400/425 Grey Sandy Clay


450/475 Grey Sandy Clay Medium/Fine






COMMENTS





AREA NAME: SSW Incline to Lake METHOD: Hollow Stem Auger and Split Spoon

SCIENTIST: C. Powell TOTAL DEPTH: 6mbgl



ASS14-1 0/25Yellow Brown Orange Clayey

Sand Medium/Fine 5.60 5.00 Slight

25/50Pale/Brown Silty Sand with

Organics Medium/Fine

ASS14-2 50/75 Yellow Clayey Sand Medium/Fine 6.20 5.20 Slight

ASS14-2a 75/100 Orange Gravely/Sand Medium/Fine, Gravel 5.50 5.10 Slight

ASS14-3 100/125Orange Cemented Laterite

Gravel Medium/Fine, Gravel 5.80 5.30 Slight

ASS14-4 125/150 Pale/Grey Off White Sand Fine 5.30 5.40 Slight

150/175 Pale Grey Off White Clayey Medium

ASS14-5 175/200 Orange Gravely Clayey Sand Gravel Clay 5.60 5.30 Slight

ASS14-6 200/225 Pale Grey Clayey Sand Fine 5.50 5.50 Slight

225/250 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Fine dense

250/275 Pale Grey Clayey Sand Fine

ASS14-7 275/300 Pale Grey Sandy Clay Fine 5.70 5.50 Negligible






ASS14-10 425/450 Pale Grey Clayey Sand Medium/Fine 6.20 5.50 Negligible

ASS14-11 450/500 Yellow Clayey Sand Medium/Fine 5.70 5.30 Negligible



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APPENDIX B

Laboratory Certificates

Date post:	27-Nov-2021
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