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1 Chanakya Mandal Pariwar / CTS Exam 2019 / 1 Chanakya Mandal Pariwar Chanakya Mandal Pariwar Competitive Talent Search Exam 2019 Date : 8 July 2019 Answer Key Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. 1 D 21 D 41 C 61 D 81 C 2 D 22 D 42 D 62 B 82 C 3 B 23 C 43 A 63 A 83 B 4 C 24 D 44 D 64 D 84 A 5 B 25 B 45 D 65 D 85 A 6 C 26 A 46 B 66 B 86 - 7 D 27 B 47 A 67 D 87 - 8 D 28 D 48 B 68 C 88 - 9 A 29 D 49 B 69 B 89 - 10 D 30 A 50 B 70 B 90 - 11 A 31 D 51 C 71 C 91 C 12 D 32 A 52 C 72 D 92 C 13 B 33 D 53 C 73 C 93 D 14 C 34 D 54 B 74 B 94 B 15 B 35 C 55 D 75 C 95 C 16 C 36 C 56 B 76 A 96 C 17 D 37 D 57 B 77 D 97 D 18 A 38 D 58 D 78 C 98 B 19 C 39 C 59 A 79 D 99 D 20 C 40 B 60 A 80 C 100 A
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Chanakya Mandal PariwarCompetitive Talent Search Exam 2019

Date : 8 July 2019

Answer Key

Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A.

1 D 21 D 41 C 61 D 81 C

2 D 22 D 42 D 62 B 82 C

3 B 23 C 43 A 63 A 83 B

4 C 24 D 44 D 64 D 84 A

5 B 25 B 45 D 65 D 85 A

6 C 26 A 46 B 66 B 86 -

7 D 27 B 47 A 67 D 87 -

8 D 28 D 48 B 68 C 88 -

9 A 29 D 49 B 69 B 89 -

10 D 30 A 50 B 70 B 90 -

11 A 31 D 51 C 71 C 91 C

12 D 32 A 52 C 72 D 92 C

13 B 33 D 53 C 73 C 93 D

14 C 34 D 54 B 74 B 94 B

15 B 35 C 55 D 75 C 95 C

16 C 36 C 56 B 76 A 96 C

17 D 37 D 57 B 77 D 97 D

18 A 38 D 58 D 78 C 98 B

19 C 39 C 59 A 79 D 99 D

20 C 40 B 60 A 80 C 100 A

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1. d. Explanation: ● Public Goods:

o A public good has two characteristics:o Non-rivalry: This means that when a good is consumed, it doesn’t reduce the amount available for

others. E.g. benefiting from a street light doesn’t reduce the light available for others but eating an apple would.

o Non-excludability: This occurs when it is not possible to provide a good without it being possible for others to enjoy. For example, if you erect a dam to stop flooding – you protect everyone in the area (whether they contributed to flooding defences or not.

o A public good is often (though not always) under-provided in a free market because its characteristics of non-rivalry and non-excludability mean there is an incentive not to pay. In a free market, firms may not provide the good as they have difficulty charging people for their use.

● Private Goods:o A private good is a product that must be purchased to be consumed, and consumption by one

individual prevents another individual from consuming it. In other words, a good is considered to be a private good if there is competition between individuals to obtain the good and if consuming the good prevents someone else from consuming it.

o Economists refer to private goods as rivalrous and excludable

2. d. Explanation: ● Cash reserve ratio is part of monetary policy of RBI which is used to control the money supply in the

market. Hence it is clearly not part of RBI’s surplus reserves. RBI generates its income from sources like interest on government bonds held, income from investment in foreign currency assets, revaluation of foreign assets and gold etc.

● Hence, Asset development fund and Currency and gold revaluation account forms part of RBI’s surplus reserves.

3. b. Explanation: ● Third Pole:

o When we think of the world’s polar regions, only two usually spring to mind – the North and South. However, there is a region to the south of China and the north of India that is known as the “Third Pole”.

Chanakya Mandal PariwarCompetitive Talent Search Exam 2019

Date : 8 July 2019

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o That’s because it is the third largest area of frozen water on the planet. Although much smaller than its north and south counterparts, it is still enormous, covering 100,000 square kilometres with some 46,000 glaciers.

o Scientists conducting research in the area have warned of disturbing global warming trends, and how, if they continue, they could affect the lives of 1.3 billion people.

o Importance of Third Pole: The Earth’s north and south extremities are crucial for regulating the climate, and at the same

time are particularly sensitive to global warming. The Third Pole, because it is high above sea level, is also sensitive to changes in temperatures.

It also powers life for many thousands of miles. It is estimated that the water that flows from the Third Pole supports 120 million people directly through irrigation systems, and a total of 1.3 billion indirectly through river basins in China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. That’s nearly one fifth of the world’s population.

It is remote – the region encompasses the Himalaya-Hindu Kush mountain ranges and the Tibetan Plateau – but 10 of Asia’s largest rivers begin here, including the Yellow river and Yangtze river in China, the Irrawaddy river in Myanmar, the Ganges, which flows through India and Bangladesh, and the trans-boundary Mekong river.

4. c. Explanation: ● The cloth printing technology was flourishing in 17th century India. The terms for printing and printed

cloth – Chhapa and Chhint were famous even in Iran. However, the pace at which this technology was growing was behind European technology.

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● In agriculture, the wooden tools were continued to be used. ● Although some of the ancient literature was translated during Mughals, there was lack of interest in

printing press technology. This had far-reaching consequences on Indian culture. Thought process:

● The use of word ‘entirely’ in statement 2 makes it an extreme statement and can be considered incorrect. That leaves you with only options c and d. In both these options, statement 1 is commonly marked as correct, so no need to think about it.

● In statement 3 – you can imagine through common sense – if the printing press technology was used ‘efficiently’ what would have been India’s cultural progress!!

5. b : Explanation: ● The Smithsonian Agreement was a temporary agreement negotiated in 1971 among the ten leading

developed nations in the world, namely Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.

● The deal made adjustments to the system of fixed exchange rates established under the Bretton Woods Agreement. The Agreement was a complicated system based on gold that began to unravel in the 1960s as the global stock of gold became insufficient to meet the global demand for international reserves.

● The Smithsonian Agreement resulted in a partial devaluing of the U.S. dollar, but it was not enough to address the underlying issues of the Bretton Woods Agreement, and it lasted just 15 months before the broader system collapsed.

6. c. Explanation: ● SravanaBelgola is famous for 18 m high monolithic statue of Gomateshwara/ Bahubali- the son of

Adinath, first Tirthankara in Jaina tradition. ● Nalanda and Vikramashila were the famous Buddhist universities which prospered during Pala rule in

Bengal. Ellora is famous for Kailasanath temple but it also has caves belonging to Buddhist and Jaina tradition.

7. d. Explanation: ● Comptroller and Auditor General of India:

o The Constitution of India visualises the CAG to be Comptroller as well as Auditor General. However, in practice, the CAG is fulfilling the role of an Auditor-General only and not that of a Comptroller. In other words, ‘the CAG has no control over the issue of money from the consolidated fund andmany departments are authorised to draw money by issuing cheques withouts pecific authority from the CAG, who is concerned only at the audit stagewhen the expenditure has already taken place’.

o In this respect, the CAG ofIndia differs totally from the CAG of Britain who has powers of bothComptroller as well as Auditor General.

o In other words, in Britain, the executive can draw money from the public exchequer only with the approval of the CAG.

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8. d. Explanation: ● Uses of Biotechnology:

o Medicines: Biopharmaceuticals: The drugs are being developed with the use of microorganisms without

using any synthetic materials and chemicals. Large molecules of proteins are usually the source of biopharmaceutical drugs. They when targeted in the body attack the hidden mechanisms of the diseases and destroy them without any side effect(s). Now scientists are trying to develop such biopharmaceutical drugs which can be treated against the diseases like hepatitis, cancer and heart diseases.

Gene therapy: It is used in delicacy and diagnoses of diseases like cancer and Parkinson’s. The apparatus of this technique is that the fit genes are under attack in the body which either obliterate the injured cells or replace them. In some cases, the fit genes make corrections in the genetic information and that is how the genes start performance in the favor of the body.

o Food Processing: Biotechnology has a major application in the food sector. It helps in improving the edibility,

texture, and storage of the food; in preventing the attack of the food, mainly dairy, by the virus like bacteriophage; producing antimicrobial effect to destroy the unwanted microorganisms in food that cause toxicity; to prevent the formation of mycotoxins; and degradation of other toxins and anti-nutritional elements present naturally in food

o Protein Engineering: Biotechnology also plays a very important role in protein engineering. In this, favourable enzymes

of the microorganisms, which are responsible for the improved fermentation, are produced commercially at a large scale by culturing the microorganisms in tanks, etc.

o Environment: Bio-marker:

● This type of Application of environmental Biotechnology gives response to a chemical that helps to measure the level of damage caused or the exposure of the toxic or the pollution effect caused. In other word, Biomarker can also be called as the Biological markers the major use of this applications helps to relate the connection between the oils and its sources.

Bio-energy: ● The collective purport of Biogas, biomass, fuels, and hydrogen are called the Bioenergy. The use of

this application of Environment Biotechnology is in the industrial, domestic and space sectors. As per the recent need it is concluded that the need of clean energy out of these fuels and alternative ways of finding clean energy is the need of the hour. One of the pioneer examples of green energy are the wastes collected from the organic and biomass wastes; these wastes help use to over the pollution issues caused in the environment. The Biomass energy supply has become a prominent importance in every country.

Bioremediation: ● The process of cleaning up the hazardous substances into non-toxic compounds is called the

Bioremediation process. This process is majorly used for any kind of technology clean up that uses the natural microorganisms.

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Biotransformation: ● The changes that take place in the biology of the environment which are changes of the complex

compound to simple non-toxic to toxic or the other way round is called the biotransformation process. It is used in the Manufacturing sector where toxic substances are converted to Bi-products.

9. a. Explanation: ● National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) was launched by Union Ministry of Environment, Forest

and Climate Change. The tentative national level target of 20%–30% reduction of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration by 2024 is proposed under the NCAP taking 2017 as the base year for the comparison of concentration.

● “Overall objective of the NCAP is comprehensive mitigation actions for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution besides augmenting the air quality monitoring network across the country and strengthening the awareness and capacity building activities.” the minister further added.

● The approach for NCAP includes coordination between relevant central ministries among themselves like Ministries of Road Transport and Highway, Petroleum and Natural Gas, New and Renewable Energy, NITI Aayog, CPCB and experts from the industry and civil society etc. In addition, sectoral working groups, national level Project Monitoring Unit, Project Implementation Unit, state level project monitoring unit, city level review committee under the Municipal Commissioner and DM level Committee in the Districts are to be constituted under NCAP for effective implementation and success of the Programme.Source: pib.nic.in

10. d. Explanation: ● The Right to vote comes from representation of peoples Act 1951. The basis of universal adult franchise

enshrined in constitution but since Rights come from RPA 1951, it is in fact a legal Right.

11. a. Explanation: ● Extra tropical / temperate cyclones occur over large areas and are never so destructive. All the disastrous

cyclones we hear of are the tropical cyclones. ● An extra-tropical cyclone is a storm system that primarily gets its energy from the horizontal temperature

contrasts that exist in the atmosphere. Extra-tropical cyclones (also known as mid-latitude or baroclinic storms) are low pressure systems with associated cold fronts, warm fronts, and occluded fronts.

● Tropical cyclones, in contrast, typically have little to no temperature differences across the storm at the surface and their winds are derived from the release of energy due to cloud/rain formation from the warm moist air of the tropics

● Often, a tropical cyclone will transform into an extra-tropical cyclone as it re curves pole ward and to the east. Occasionally, an extra-tropical cyclone will lose its frontal features, develop convection near the center of the storm and transform into a full-fledged tropical cyclone. Such a process is most common in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific basins. The transformation of tropical cyclone into an extra-tropical cyclone (and vice versa) is currently one of the most challenging forecast problems

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Source: Application: Fundamentals of Physical Geography- Class XI

12. d. Explanation: ● In radial drainage, the tributaries from a summit follow the slope downwards and drain down in all

directions. Rivers like Narmada, Son, and Mahanadi form a radial pattern in Amarkantak plateau. Similar drainage is also found in Girnar hills of Gujarat and Mikir hills of Assam.Source: Improvisation: India: Physical Environment- Class XI

13. b. Explanation: ● The sun, the moon and all those objects shining in the night sky are called celestial bodies. Some

celestial bodies are very big and hot. They are made up of gases. They have their own heat and light, which they emit in large amounts. These celestial bodies are called stars. The sun is a star. Countless twinkling stars in the night sky are similar to the sun. But we do not feel their heat or light, and they look so tiny because they are very far from us.

● Some celestial bodies do not have their own heat and light. They are lit by the light of the stars. Such bodies are called planets. The word 'planet' comes from the Greek word "Planetai" which means 'wanderers'. The earth on which we live is a planet. It gets all its heat and light from the sun, which is our nearest star. If we look at the earth from a great distance, say the moon, it will appear to be shining just as the moon. (6th NCERT)

14. c. Explanation: ● Cooper Case (Important Summary):

o In RC Cooper vs. Union of India(1970) the Supreme Court while examining theconstitutionality of the Banking Companies Ordinance, 1969 which sought to nationalize 14 of India’s largest commercial banks, held that the President ’s decision can be challenged on the grounds that ‘immediate action’ was not required and the ordinance was passed primarily to by-pass the debate and discussion in legislature.

● Balaji Raghavan Case:o In Balaji Raghvan v. Union of India (1996) 1 SCC 361 (Balaji Raghavan/S.P.Anandvs Union Of

India on 15 December, 1995), it advised that a committee under the Prime Minister consisting among others of the Speaker of the LokSabhna, the Chief Justice of India or his nominee and the leader of the opposition in consultation with the President of India should nominate persons for these awards."

● L. Chandrakumar Case:o In L. Chandra Kumar vs The Union of India &Ors (1997), the Supreme Court said an independent

agency for the administration of tribunals must be set up, and it would be appropriate that the Ministry of Law oversees it.

15. b. Explanation: ● Statement 1 - In principle, the Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were the taxes collected not in the Maratha

kingdom, but in the neighbouring territories of Mughal empire or Deccan sultanates.

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● Statement 2 – Bajirao I started the system of confederacy, through which, Maratha saradars were administering their assigned territories autonomously. Among them were the Gaekwad, Bhosale, Scindia etc.

16. c. Explanation: ● Frictional Unemployment:

o It occurs when changing demand patterns in an economy dislocate existing production patterns to the extent that labour becomes redundent.

o Due to change in demand for goods and services, specialized workers cannot easily move to new work. Similarly, due to changes in the technique of production the skill of certain workers may be made obsolete. As a result there is unemployment in an industry (in which demand has declined) and shortage of labour in another industry (in which demand has increased).

o Thus frictional unemployment arises due to economic fictions arising from changes in employers’ demands for different types of labour.

● Structural Unemployment:o This type of unemployment arises through a change in demand which switches production from one

kind of work to other, it differs from frictional unemployment in that it occurs through permanent or long-term changes in the structure of the economy.

o In other words, structural unemployment is long-term unemployment caused by the decline of certain industries and changes in production process.

● Cyclical Unemployment:o This type of unemployment arises from the business cycle. Keynes was mainly concerned with

this type of unemploy ment. Such unemployment occurs due to deficiency of demand or purchas ing power and is also called demand-deficient unemployment.

o Since this type of unemployment is caused by a general deficiency of demand, it affects all industries at the same time. Since this type of unemployment is due to downturn in economic activity, it can, therefore, be expected to occur and disappear at fairly regular intervals.

● Seasonal Unemployment:o This type of unemployment occurs due to seasonal pattern of demand and the consequent seasonal

nature of activities in some industries. In some industries like entertainment, tourism and soft drink, the demand for goods and services fluctuates seasonally. As a result these industries are fully staffed in the peak season but many workers are laid off in the off-season.

● Disguised Unemployment:o It is a type of unemployment which prevails in LDCs like India, due to population growth, shortage

of land and the existence of certain social institutions like the joint family system.o All the members of the peasant family work on the same family arm. The newcomer, whether he

is a distant relation or a new -born child, will ultimately start working on the same farm with other members of the family.

o It can be of two forms: Employ ment of people in less productive works than they are capable of, or, in other words, an

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under-utilisation of skill processed by the people; Employment of people in a number larger than that required for doing the job.

17. d. Explanation: ● Coal cleaning by 'washing' has been standard practice in developed countries for some time. It reduces

emissions of ash and sulfur dioxide when the coal is burned. ● Electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters can remove 99% of the fly ash from the flue gases – these

technologies are in widespread use. ● Flue gas desulfurisation reduces the output of sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere by up to 97%, the task

depending on the level of sulfur in the coal and the extent of the reduction. It is widely used where needed in developed countries.

● Low-NOx burners allow coal-fired plants to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by up to 40%. Coupled with re-burning techniques NOx can be reduced 70% and selective catalytic reduction can clean up 90% of NOx emissions.

● Increased efficiency of plant – up to 46% thermal efficiency now (and 50% expected in future) means that newer plants create less emissions per kWh than older ones. See Table 1.

● Advanced technologies such as Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and PressurisedFluidised Bed Combustion (PFBC) enable higher thermal efficiencies still – up to 50% in the future.

● Ultra-clean coal (UCC) from new processing technologies which reduce ash below 0.25% and sulfur to very low levels mean that pulverised coal might be used as fuel for very large marine engines, in place of heavy fuel oil. There are at least two UCC technologies under development. Wastes from UCC are likely to be a problem.

● Gasification, including underground coal gasification (UCG) in situ, uses steam and oxygen to turn the coal into carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

● Sequestration refers to disposal of liquid carbon dioxide, once captured, into deep geological strata.Source: http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/energy-and-the-environment/clean-coal-

technologies.aspx

18. a. Explanation: ● An independently operating financial organization (with 183 countries). ● The GEF provides grants for projects related to biodiversity, climate change, international waters, land

degradation, the ozone layer, and persistent organic pollutants. ● It was established in 1992 on the eve of Rio Summit. ● The GEF also serves as financial mechanism for the following conventions:

○ Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) ○ United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ○ UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) ○ Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) ○ Minamata Convention on Mercury

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19. c. Explanation: ● Island Universe Theory debate:

o Shapley was arguing in favor of the Milky Way as the entirety of the universe. He believed that "spiral nebulae" such as Andromeda were simply part of the Milky Way. He could back up this claim by citing relative sizes—if Andromeda were not part of the Milky Way, then its distance must have been on the order of 108 light years—a span most astronomers would not accept.

o Adriaan van Maanen was also providing evidence to Shapley's argument. Van Maanen was a well-respected astronomer of the time who claimed he had observed the Pinwheel Galaxy rotating. If the Pinwheel Galaxy were in fact a distinct galaxy and could be observed to be rotating on a timescale of years, its orbital velocity would be enormous and there would clearly be a violation of the universal speed limit, the speed of light.

o Also used to back up his claims was the observation of a nova in the Andromeda "nebula" that had briefly outshone the entire nebula, constituting a seemingly impossible output of energy were Andromeda in fact a separate galaxy.

o Curtis on the other side contended that Andromeda and other such "nebulae" were separate galaxies, or "island universes" (a term invented by the 18th-century philosopher Immanuel Kant, who also believed that the "spiral nebulae" were extragalactic). He showed that there were more novae in Andromeda than in the Milky Way.

o From this he could ask why there were more novae in one small section of the galaxy than the other sections of the galaxy, if Andromeda were not a separate galaxy but simply a nebula within the Earth's galaxy. This led to supporting Andromeda as a separate galaxy with its own signature age and rate of nova occurrences. He also cited dark lanes present in other galaxies similar to the dust clouds found in the Earth's own galaxy and massive doppler shifts found in other galaxies.

20. c. Explanation: ● Anti-defection law:

o The Tenth Schedule of Indian Constitution is popularly known as the Anti-Defection Act. Original constitution had no such provisions. It was included in the Constitution in 1985 by the Rajiv Gandhi government.

o The main intent of the law was to deter “the evil of political defections” by legislators motivated by the lure of office or other similar considerations.

● Judicial Review of defection law:o Speaker/ chairman of the house is the authority to decide on defection cases. Speaker sits as a tribunal

while deciding on defection cases. All proceedings in relation to any question on disqualification of a member of a House under this Schedule are deemed to be proceedings in Parliament or in the Legislature of a state. No court has any jurisdiction. However, the decision can be brought to court after KihotoHollohan case of 1992.

o The law states that the decision is final and not subject to judicial review. The Supreme Court struck down part of this condition. It held that there may not be any judicial intervention until the presiding officer gives his order. However, the final decision is subject to appeal in the High Courts and

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Supreme Court.

21. d. Explanation: ● The National Centre for Microbial Resource-National Centre for Cell Science will soon undertake the

Indian Human Microbiome Initiative, a first-of-its-kind project on microbiome. ● What is Microbiome? ● The collective genome of all microorganisms contained within the human body, residing inside tissues &

bio-fluids is called Human Microbiome. It includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists and viruses. ● Most of them have either commensal (coexist without harming humans) or mutualistic (each benefit

from the other). ● Different parts of human body including the skin, mammary glands, placenta, uterus, ovarian follicles,

lungs, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, biliary and gastrointestinal tracts, are occupied by characterstic microbial populations.

● The composition of microbiome is shaped by factors such as genetics, dietary habits, age, geographic location and ethnicity. Human microbiome makes up around 2% of the body mass of the adult.

● Importance of the Human Microbiome: ● Microbial communities play a key role in many aspects of host physiology:

o Metabolism of otherwise complex indigestible carbohydrates and fatso Production of essential vitamins to Maintaining immune systemso Acting as a first line of defense against pathogenso Influence the susceptibility to certain infectious diseases, as well as contribute to disorders such as

obesity and diabeteso Determines how one responds to a particular drug treatment

● The diversity of microbes that make up human microbiome could lead to novel therapies e.g. an infection caused by a ‘bad’ bacterial species can be treated by promoting the growth of ‘good’ bacteria.

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22. d. Explanation: ● ‘Param-Bhattaraka’ title was taken up by powerful kings like Guptas and then onwards to indicate their

paramountacy and supremacy over other lords. Other title was Maharajadhiraja. ● The subordinate rulers took up titles like Raja, Maharaja, Samanta, Mahasamanta etc.

23. c. Explanation- ● RBI keeps the repo rate high or increases it when the inflation in the economy increases. ● When "inflation expectation" of the people is high, that is they are expecting that in futureinflation will

increase, then such behavior of the people ultimately leads to higher inflation inthe economy due to which RBI increases the repo rate.So, both the statements are true.Source – Ramesh sing book on Indian economy

24. d. Explanation: ● Among all the Union Territories only Delhi and Pondicherry have representation since all other UT’s

have less population. ● According to the law prescribed by the Parliament the union territories direct election to the house of

people act 1965 was passed and thereby they are also elected directly by people.

25. b. Explanation: ● Sudan Type Climate:

o Although Sudan lies within the tropics, the climate ranges from arid in the north to tropical wet-and-dry in the far southwest. Temperatures do not vary greatly with the season at any location;

o The most significant climatic variables are rainfall and the length of the dry season. Variations in the length of the dry season depend on which of two air flows predominate, dry northeasterly winds from

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the Arabian Peninsula or moist southwesterly winds from the Congo River basin.

26. a. Explanation: ● PARIVESH (Pro-Active and Responsive facilitation by Interactive, Virtuous and Environmental Single-

window Hub) on the occasion of World Biofuel Day. PARIVESH is a Single-Window Integrated Environmental Management System, developed in pursuance of the spirit of ‘Digital India’ initiated by the Prime Minister and capturing the essence of Minimum Government and Maximum Governance.Source: Pib.nic.in

27. b. Explanation: ● Adjournment

1. It only terminates a sitting and not a session of the House.2. It is done by presiding officer of the House.3. It does not affect the bills or any other business pending before the House and the same can be

resumed when the House meets again. ● Prorogation

1. It not only terminates a sitting but also a session of the House.2. It is done by the president of India.3. It also does not affect the bills or any other business pending before the House. However, all pending

notices (other than those for introducing bills) lapse on prorogation and fresh notices have to be given for the next session. In Britain, prorogation brings to an end all bills or any other business pending before the House.

28. d. Explanation: ● Mixed economy has combining features of capitalist market economies and socialist command

economies. Thus it is based on ideas of both laissez faire and welfare state. ● It is not an closed economy, practically no economy can be closed.

Thought process : ● One must understand the context of closed economy here. Close economy is one which does not trade

,does not welcome FDIs in its domestic market. For any economy to be closed it is necessary that it is self-sufficient, has plentiful resources and at the same time ensure growth and development. Thus it is not a practical economy.

● Thus One can easily eliminate (4), also (3) is in line with liberalisation of economy thus answer is (1),(2),(3).

29. d. Explanation: ● Floud commission was appointed in the aftermath of Tebhaga movement ● Floud Commission a land revenue commission established by the government of Bengal in 1938. ● AkFazluluHuq, a leader of the Nikhil BangaPrajaSamiti (est. 1929), and subsequently the leader of the

Krishak Praja Party (est.1935) was committed to the abolition of the zamindari system and restoring

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the rights of peasants. This was one of the major items of the KPP 21-point manifesto for the general elections of 1937.

● The Congress and the Muslim League were also highly sympathetic to the peasantry. However, this sympathy was politically grounded on the fact that the peasant vote would be the deciding factor in the ensuing general elections in which the peasant section of voters constituted the absolute majority.

30. a. Explanation : ● Indian Rosewood mainly grows on the banks of the river below 900 meter elevation. It is widely found

in the Indian State of Haryana. It can also be found in the Periyar National Park, Bandipur National Park and Sariska Tiger Reserve in India.

31. d. Explanation: ● Language/s for transacting business in the state legislature:

o The Constitution has declared the official language(s) of the state or Hindi orEnglish, to be the languages for transacting business in the state legislature.

o However, the presiding officer can permit a member to address the House inhis mother-tongue. The state legislature is authorised to decide whether tocontinue or discontinue English as a floor language after the completion offifteen years from the commencement of the Constitution (i.e., from 1965).

o Incase of Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura, this time limit is twenty-five years and that of Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Mizoram, it isforty years.

32. a. Explanation: ● Distinction between Indian and British Models:

o India has a republican system in place of British monarchical system. Inother words, the Head of the State in India (that is, President) is elected,while the Head of the State in Britain (that is, King or Queen) enjoys ahereditary position.

o The British system is based on the doctrine of the sovereignty ofParliament, while the Parliament is not supreme in India and enjoyslimited and restricted powers due to a written Constitution, federalsystem, judicial review and fundamental rights.

o In Britain, the prime minister should be a member of the Lower House(House of Commons) of the Parliament. In India, the prime minister maybe a member of any of the two Houses of Parliament. Usually, the members of Parliament alone are appointed as ministers inBritain. In India, a person who is not a member of Parliament can also be appointed as minister, but for a maximum period of six months.

o Britain has the system of legal responsibility of the minister while Indiahas no such system. Unlike in Britain, the ministers in India are notrequired to countersign the official acts of the Head of the State.

o ‘Shadow cabinet’ is an unique institution of the British cabinet system. Itis formed by the opposition party to balance the ruling cabinet and toprepare its members for future ministerial office. There is no suchinstitution in India.

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33. d. Explanation: ● A symmetric bell shaped age-sex pyramid tapered towards the top characterizes a gender balanced and

constant population. E.g. AustraliaSource: Fundamentals of Human Geography- Class XII

34. d. Explanation: ● The SDRF corpus is contributed by the Union government and the respective State governments in a

75:25 ratio for general category States and 90:10 for Special Category States. ● On basis of recommendation of Union Finance Commission allocation to the SDRF for each State is

done. The Centre releases its share of SDRF in two equal instalments, in June and then in December. Thought Process:

● In our polity states have very limited sources of revenue. Centre assists state government in implementation of most of the schemes and projects. Hence, we can logically arrive at conclusion that it is impossible for state government to contribute 100% to SDRF.

● Specially, if you think of North-Eastern states, they have to face many kinds of disasters every year. Their financial situation is very weak. Hence, central government also contribute to SDRF.

● Now regarding allocation to SDRF of all states, to bring some uniformity in allocation it should be Union Finance Commission (and not state finance commission) who recommends on center’s share to corpus. Hence, by logic also you can eliminate both statements and mark correct answer.

35. c. Explanation: ● Ordinance and Judicial Review:

o Article 123 of the Constitution empowers the President to promulgateordinances during the recess of Parliament. These ordinances have the sameforce and effect as an act of Parliament, but are in the nature of temporarylaws.

o The ordinance-making power is the most important legislative power ofthe President. It has been vested in him to deal with unforeseen or urgentmatters.

o He can make an ordinance only when he is satisfied that thecircumstances exist that render it necessary for him to take immediate action.

o In Cooper case11, (1970), the Supreme Court held that the President’ssatisfaction can be questioned in a court on the ground of malafide. Thismeans that the decision of the President to issue an ordinance can bequestioned in a court on the ground that the President has prorogued one House or both Houses of Parliament deliberately with a view to promulgatean ordinance on a controversial subject, so as to bypass the parliamentarydecision and thereby circumventing the authority of the Parliament.

o The 38thConstitutional Amendment Act of 1975 made the President’s satisfaction final and conclusive and beyond judicial review. But, this provision wasdeleted by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1978. Thus, thePresident’s satisfaction is justiciable on the ground of malafide.

36. c. Explanation: ● Expenditures made by the business sector on final goods and services, or gross domestic product,

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especially the purchase of productive capital goods. ● Investment expenditures play a central role in macroeconomic activity affecting both short-run business

cycles and long-run economic growth. These expenditures reflect the general act of investment involving foregoing current satisfaction to produce capital goods and are officially measured by gross private domestic investment.

● These are one of four expenditures on gross domestic product. The other three are consumption expenditures, government purchases, and net exports.

● This is the more specific term referring to actual expenditures on goods and services, or gross domestic product, by the business sector. Investment expenditures specifically deal with investment activities that involve business purchases of capital goods. Not all generic investment activities involve investment expenditures on gross domestic product.

37. d. Explanation: ● Keynesian economics developed during and after the Great Depression, from the ideas presented by

John Maynard Keynes in his 1936 book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. ● Keynesian economics states that, aggregate demand is volatile and unstable, a market economy will often

experience inefficient macroeconomic outcomes in the form of economic recessions (when demand is low) and inflation (when demand is high). These can be mitigated by economic policy responses, in particular, monetary policy actions by the central bank and fiscal policy actions by the government, which can help stabilize output over the business cycle.

● Keynesian economists generally advocate a managed market economy – predominantly private sector, but with an active role for government intervention during recessions and depressions. Thus both the statements are correct.

38. d. Explanation: ● On Godavari river this project ---- in Andhra Pradesh. Andhra government start India’s first river linking

project. Pattiseema lift irrigation project connecting Godavari and Krishna from polavaramproject . Reservation of Polavaram dam spreader across Chhattisgarh and Orissa.

● Godavari is 2nd longest river after Ganga. It source is in Triambakeshwar. ● Polavaram Project:

o Polavaram irrigation project is a multipurpose irrigation project across Godavari river in West Godavari district with its reservoirs spreading across states of Chhattisgarh and Orissa as well.

o It is a national project which implies that its implementation is monitored by the Central Water Commission. The project is slated to be complete by 2019.

o The project endeavours to develop irrigation, drinking water facilities and hydropower to regions of East Godavari, Vishakhapatnam, Krishna and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh

39. c. Explanation: ● In 1572, Akbar commenced building of fort-cum-palace complex at FatehpurSikri. It has an artificial

lake and many buildings in Gujarat and Bengal styles. PanchMahal within the complex has pillars of

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several types used in various temples. ● Buland Darwaza:

o BulandDarwaza or the loft gateway at FatehpurSikri was built by the great Mughal emperor, Akbar in 1601. Akbar built the BulandDarwaza to commemorate his victory over Gujarat.

o The BulandDarwaza, approached by 42 steps and 53.63m high and 35 meters wide, is the highest gateway in the world and an astounding example of the Mughal architecture.

o It is made of red and buff sandstone, and decorated by carving and inlaying of white and black marble. An inscription on the central face of the BulandDarwaza throws light on Akbar's religious tolerance and broad mindedness.

o The BulandDarwaza towers above the courtyard of the mosque. It is semi octagonal in plan and is topped by pillars and chhatris, echoing early Mughal design with simple ornamentation, carved verses from the Koran and towering arches.

o There are thirteen smaller domed kiosks on the roof, stylized battlement and small turrets and inlay work of white and black marble. On the outside a long flight of steps sweeps down the hill giving the gateway additional height. A Persian inscription on eastern arch way of the BulandDarwaza records Akbar's conquest over Deccan in 1601 A.D.

40. b. Explanation – ● The Kathaks were originally a caste of story-tellers in the temples of north India. They included gestures

and songs in their performances. This started evolving as a distinct dance form in 15th and 16th century. Under Mughal emperors Kathak was performed in their courts. Later we see development of Jaipur and Lucknowgharanas in Kathak.

41. c. Explanation: ● Article 25 covers not only religious beliefs(doctrines) but also religious practices (rituals). Moreover,

these rights areavailable to all persons—citizens as well as non-citizens. ● However, these rights are subject to public order, morality, health andother provisions relating to

fundamental rights. Further, the State is permittedto:o Regulate or restrict any economic, financial, political or other secularactivity associated with religious

practice; ando Provide for social welfare and reform or throw open Hindu religiousinstitutions of a public character

to all classes and sections of Hindus.

42. d. Explanation: ● Highlights of the ILO report:

o In case of India for inclusive growth low pay and wage inequality remains a serious challenge.o Report stresses on need of stronger implementation of minimum wage laws and strengthening of the

frameworks for collective bargaining by workers. o Report also signifies importance of bridging the wage gaps between rural and urban, male and female,

and regular and casual workers.

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o Regional disparities in average wages have actually increased over time, with wages rising more rapidly in high-wage States than in low-wage ones.

o Hence, all statements are correct.

43. a. Explanation: ● Even though the picture of CM Kejriwal taking oath through then Lt.Gov. Najeeb Jung is fresh in our

minds, but it must be remembered that it is the President of India, not Lt.Gov. who appoints CM of Delhi. The position of Delhi is different from other UTs on account of Art.239AA of our constitution.

● Similarly, Puducherry enjoys more power over other UTs on account of Art. 239A of our constitution.

44. d. Explanation: There are three main types of diabetes:

● Type 1 diabetes used to be called juvenile-onset diabetes. It is usually caused by an auto-immune reaction where the body’s defence system attacks the cells that produce insulin. The reason this occurs is not fully understood.

● People with type 1 diabetes produce very little or no insulin. The disease may affect people of any age, but usually develops in children or young adults. People with this form of diabetes need injections of insulin every day in order to control the levels of glucose in their blood. If people with type 1 diabetes do not have access to insulin, they will die.

● Type 2 diabetes used to be called non-insulin dependent diabetes or adult-onset diabetes, and accounts for at least 90% of all cases of diabetes. It is characterised by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, either or both of which may be present at the time diabetes is diagnosed. The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes can occur at any age.

● Type 2 diabetes may remain undetected for many years and the diagnosis is often made when

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a complication appears or a routine blood or urine glucose test is done. It is often, but not always, associated with overweight or obesity, which itself can cause insulin resistance and lead to high blood glucose levels.

● People with type 2 diabetes can often initially manage their condition through exercise and diet. However, over time most people will require oral drugs and or insulin.

● Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a form of diabetes consisting of high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. It develops in one in 25 pregnancies worldwide and is associated with complications to both mother and baby. GDM usually disappears after pregnancy but women with GDM and their children are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Approximately half of women with a history of GDM go on to develop type 2 diabetes within five to ten years after delivery.

● Other specific types of diabetes also exist.

45. d. Explanation: ● Interference of waves:

o Wave interference is the phenomenon that occurs when two waves meet while traveling along the same medium. The interference of waves causes the medium to take on a shape that results from the net effect of the two individual waves upon the particles of the medium.

46. b. Explanation: 1. Khilafat movement-

■ The Khilafat movement, also known as the Indian Muslim movement (1919–24), was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Mohammad Ali Jauhar and AbulKalam Azad

2. Tebhaga Movement- ■ The Tebhaga movement was significant peasant agitation, initiated in Bengal by the KisanSabha

(peasant front of the Communist Party of India) in 1946–47.3. Moplah Rebellion-

■ Mappila Riots or Mappila Outbreaks refers to a series of riots by the Mappila (Moplah) Muslims of Malabar, South India in the 19th century and the early 20th century (c.1836–1921) against native Hindus and the state.[1] The Malabar Rebellion of 1921 against the British is often considered as the culmination of Mappila riots. Mappilas committed several atrocities against the Hindus during the outbreak.[3][4] Muslim Mappilas forcibly converted many Hindus to Islam and killed or drove away all Hindus who would not apostatise, totalling the driven people to one lakh (100,000)

4. Vaikom Satyagraha- ■ Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–25) was a satyagraha (social protest) in Travancore, India (now part of

Kerala) against untouchability in Hindu society. The movement was centered at the Shiva temple at Vaikom, near (present district) Kottayam. The Satyagraha aimed at securing freedom to all sections of society through the public roads leading to the Sri Mahadeva Temple at Vaikom.

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47. a. Explanation: ● Bombay plan was presented by 8 leading industrialist of Bombay like PurushotamdasThakurdas, JRD

Tata, G.D. Birla etc. in 1944 ● Gandhian plan was formulated by Sriram Narayan Agarwal in 1944 after Bombay plan. ● People’s plan was formulated by radical humanist leader M.N.Roy in 1945. It was based on Marxist

socialism and advovated the need of providing people with basic necessities of life. Agricultural and industrial sector, both were equally equated in the plan.

● Sarvodaya plan was formulated in 1950 by famous socialist leader Jaiprakash Narayan.

48. b. Explanation: ● Contingency Fund is created as an imprest account to meet some urgent or unforeseen expenditure of

the government. ● This fund was constituted by the government under Article 267 of the Constitution of India. This fund

is at the disposal of the President. ● Any expenditure incurred from this fund requires a subsequent approval from the Parliament and the

amount withdrawn is returned to the fund from the Consolidated Fund.

49. b. Explanation: ● India jump eight places to 36th position on the International Intellectual Property (IP) Index, the highest

gain for any country this year. ● About International Intellectual Property (IP) Index:

o It analyses the IP climate in 50 global economies. It is brought out by the US Chamber of Commerce’s Global Innovation Policy Center (GIPC).

o India’s eight-point jump in 2019 from 44th position in 2018 is the highest increase among 50 nations mapped by the index.

o The improvement reflects important reforms implemented by Indian policymakers towards building and sustaining an innovation ecosystem for domestic entrepreneurs and foreign investors alike

o The U.S., the U.K., Sweden, France and Germany remained the top five economies on the index.o It analyses the IP climate in 50 global economies. The index ranks countries based on 45 indicators.o Among the weaknesses, the index has cited barriers to licensing and technology transfer, including

strict registration norms, limited framework for the protection of biopharmaceutical IP rights, patentability rules outside international standards, lengthy pre-grant opposition proceedings and previously used compulsory licensing for commercial and non-emergency situations as key hurdles.

50. b. Explanation: ● National Adaptation fund for climate change ● The National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) is a Central Sector Scheme. ● The overall aim of NAFCC is to support concrete adaptation activities which mitigate the adverse effects

of climate change. ● National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) is the National Implementing Entity

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(NIE). ● The Scheme has been designed to fulfill objectives of National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)

and operationalize State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCC).

51. c. Explanation: ● The Official Secrets Act was first enacted in 1923 and was retained after Independence. The law,

applicable to government servants and citizens, provides the framework for dealing with espionage, sedition, and other potential threats to the integrity of the nation.

● The law makes spying, sharing ‘secret’ information, unauthorised use of uniforms, withholding information, interference with the armed forces in prohibited/restricted areas, among others, punishable offences. If guilty, a person may get up to 14 years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.

● The information could be any reference to a place belonging to or occupied by the government, documents, photographs, sketches, maps, plans, models, official codes or passwords. The OSA does not define “secret” or “official secrets”. Public servants could deny any information terming it a “secret” when asked under the RTI Act.

52. c. Explanation: ● Interleukins (IL) are a group of cytokines that play an important role in the immune system. They

modulate inflammation and immunity by regulating growth, mobility and differentiation of lymphoid and other cells.

● Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine that stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis, resulting in increased production of platelets, as well as activating osteoclasts, inhibiting epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, and inhibiting macrophage mediator production. These functions may be particularly important in mediating the hematopoietic, osseous and mucosal protective effects of IL-11

53. c. Explanation: ● The poverty line is estimated periodically so that the effect of inflation and other factors can be taken

into consideration with respect to that period. For determination of poverty line the sample surveys are conducted every five years.

● They are conducted by National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO). Poverty line is estimated on the basis of consumption expenditure data collected by NSSO. The official data was made available by planning commission.

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● In 1999-2000, the poverty line was estimated as consumption worth Rs. 328 per person per month for rural areas and Rs. 454 for urban areas.Source- 11th NCERT chapter – 4

54. b. Explanation:

● The Phillips curve given by A.W. Phillips shows that there exist an inverse relationship between the rate

of unemployment and the rate of increase in nominal wages. ● A lower rate of unemployment is associated with higher wage rate or inflation, and vice versa. In other

words, there is a tradeoff between wage inflation and unemployment. ● Reason: during boom, demand for labour increases. Due to greater bargaining power of the trade union,

wage increases.

55. d. Explanation: ● Long list of able kings- Bimbisara, Ajatshatru, Mahapadmanandaetc provided able leadership. Rajgriha

was surrounded by hills from all the sides and Patliputra was placed on the banks of Ganga and Son providing natural security and ease of navigation.

● Timber for ships and elephants in wars and in transportation proved to be very important. Along with all these, use of iron implements for agriculture and for clearing forests led to surplus production.

● And availability of iron mines in Jharkhand provided cutting edge advantage to Magadha.

56. b. Explanation: ● Fundamental rights are not absolute rights as the are limited by reasonable restrictions. They are defended

by the Supreme Court. Article 35 says that the power to make laws, to give effect to certain specified fundamental rights shall vest only in the Parliament and not in the state legislatures. (Source- Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth)

57. b. Explanation: ● During the financial crisis the governments used austerity measures to reduce government budget

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deficits. They are meant to bring government revenues closer to expenditure. ● Austerity measures are combination of variety of steps like reducing public spending, increasing taxes

and increasing disinvestment which will add to government revenue. ● Example of countries which took Austerity measures: ● Greece - In 2014, the European Union imposed austerity measures during the Greek debt crisis. Greece's

austerity measures targeted tax reform. Lenders required Greece to reorganize its revenue collection agency to crack down on evaders. The agency targeted 1,700 high-wealth and self-employed individuals for audits. It also reduced the number of offices and set performance targets for managers.

● Other specific measures required Greece to: ■ Reduce overall government employment by 150,000. ■ Lower public employees' wages by 17 percent. ■ Reduce pension benefits above 1,200 euros a month by 20-40 percent. ■ Raise property taxes by 3-16 euros per square meter. ■ Eliminate the heating fuel subsidy.

● The Greek government agreed to privatize 35 billion euros in state-owned assets by 2014. It also promised to sell an additional 50 billion euros in assets by 2015. The IMF Memorandum provides more details on this.

● Layoffs, tax hikes, and reduced benefits curbed economic growth. By 2012, Greece's debt-to-GDP ratio was 175 percent, one of the highest in the world. Bondholders had to accept a 75 percent reduction in what they were owed. Greece's recession included a 25 percent unemployment rate, political chaos, and a weak banking system.

● European Union - The Greek debt crisis led to a crisis in the eurozone. Many European banks had invested in Greek businesses and sovereign debt. Other countries, like Ireland, Portugal, and Italy, had also overspent. They took advantage of low interest rates as eurozone members. The 2008 financial crisis hit these countries hard. As a result, they needed bailouts to keep from defaulting on their sovereign debt.

● Italy - In 2011, Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi increased health care fees. He also cut subsidies to regional governments, family tax benefits, and the pensions for the wealthy. They voted him out of office. His replacement, Mario Monti, raised taxes on the wealthy, raised eligibility ages for pensions, and went after tax evaders.

58. d. Explanation: ● In the case of Jammu and Kashmir, the state legislature is empowered to define the persons who are

permanent residents of the state and confer any special rights and privileges in matters of employment under the state government, acquisition of immovable property in the state, settlement in the state and scholarships and such other forms of aid provided by the state government.

59. a. Explanation: ● Unchecked Fiscal Deficit can be disastrous for any economy. Recent example is of Venezuela.

a. India in the past have also face few problems. b. Crowding Out is marginalisation of private sector in the economy as Govts taking most of the credits

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from market. And not much is left to private sector. i. Whatever left is way costly to private sectorc. Debt beyond control may lead country to sovereign defaultsd. Inclusive growth cannot be guaranteed by only High Fiscal Deficits

60. a : Explanation: ● The footprint is the negative impression we leave on the planet,Handprints are the positive impression

we leave: It is your contribution towards a healthy and sustainable future, planting plants and trees in deforested places, recycle objects

● The right way (handprint) is to tell you that: “using a bike instead of a scooter/car, will not harm the environment” or “using warm water only when it is relevant (for washing dishes)”, those examples were the basic ones.

61. d. Explanation: ● The Attorney General for India is appointed by the President of India under Article 76 of the Constitution

and holds office during the pleasure of the President. ● It is the duty of the Attorney General for India to give advice to the Government of India upon such legal

matters and to perform such other duties of legal character as may be referred or assigned to him by the President.

● In the performance of his duties, he has the right of audience in all Courts in India as well as the right to take part in the proceedings of Parliament without the right to vote.

62. d. Explanation: ● During inflation, exports generally reduce as domestic demand is high, on the other hand imports

increase. Cost of credit increases as interest rates are increased by central bank. ● Savings reduces due to the fact that demand is increased in the market and purchasing power of currency

is now increased. ● Fiscal deficit may increase as to counter Peru of low growth during inflation, government has to increase

credit supply mostly through borrowing.

63. a. Explanation – ● During the reform period the growth was mainly driven by service sector which mainly included IT

services confined mostly to the formal sector. ● At the same time the growth of agriculture and service sector declined and the their percentage in GDP

also decreased. But the population working in the agriculture and industrial sector was not absorbed in fast growing service sector due requirement of highly skilled or semiskilled workforce.so the job creation was limited. Creating jobless growth.

● Reasons for Jobless Growth:o In India, growth is attributed to service sector, whereby both employment and wages have seen a rise.

But as figures say, the biggest employing sector in India is the Agriculture sector, employing 45% of

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the population but contributing 15% to the GDP, whereas Service sector is the biggest contributor to the GDP but employs less than 30%. IT and Financial services are drivers of service sector growth in last 2 decades however both of these sector are not employment intensive.Thus contributing to jobless growth in India.

o Labour –intensive manufacturing sector did not become the engine of growth in India. In fact, it was the knowledge-intensive services sector which along with some segments of capital intensive manufacturing was the engines of growth in India. But these sectors by their nature were not employment-intensive.

o Stagnation in manufacturing output and employment and contraction of labour-intensive segment of the formal manufacturing sector: (Due to)(a) Excess rigidity in the formal manufacturing labour market and rigid labour regulationshas created

disincentives for employers to create jobs(b) Industrial Disputes Act has lowered employment in organized manufacturing by about 25%

(World Bank Study.(c) Stringent employment protection legislation has pushed employers towards more capital intensive

modes of production, than warranted by existing costs of labour relative to capitalo Therefore, the nature of the trade regime in India is still biased towards capital-intensive manufacturing.o The nature of Indian manufacturing is not employment-friendly. Most of them are automated and

any employment is highly skilled. Thus they Have contribute to growth, but not necessarily to employment.

o The labour intensity of MSME is four times higher than that of large firms. - but they are not treated well in India they have poor access to credit and they are plagued by many serious problems which has limited there growth potential.

● Impediments to entrepreneurial growth in small firms (such as high costs of formalisation) along with a long history of small scale reservation policy which has prohibited the entry of large scale units in labour intensive industries

● The tax incentives, subsidies, depreciation allowance all are solely linked to the amount invested and not to the number of jobs created.o Sluggish process in education and skill levels of workers.Source - 11th NCERT ( Chapter – 3)

64. d. Explanation: ● Statement 1 is correct: A limited form of Government is generally achieved through a written Constitution

so as to maintain ‘Rule of Law’. ● Statement 2 is correct: The Constitution prescribes terms and conditions for the different authorities in

the form of three tier government, Constitutional bodies and non-constitutional bodies. ● Statement 3 is incorrect: A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially represents

the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state. Depending on the country's form of government and separation of powers, the head of state may be a ceremonial figurehead or concurrently the head of government. In a parliamentary system the head of state is the de jure leader of the nation.

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● Statement 4 is incorrect: Same as mentioned in explanation of statement 1.

65. d. Explanation: ● Lake Urmia

o Iran is witnessing revival of Lake Urmia which is one of the worst ecological disasters of recent decades.

o The lake is a saltwater lake.o It is situated in the mountains of northwest Iran and is fed by 13 riverso In precise the lake is located in the west of the southern portion of the Caspian Sea.o It is designated as a site of international importance under the UN Convention on Wetlands.o According to the UN Environment Program, the lake has been shrinking since 1995, due to a

combination of prolonged drought, over-farming and dams.

66. b. Explanation: ● In 2009, Microsoft partnered with Dartmouth College to develop PhotoDNA, a technology that aids in

finding and removing known images of child exploitation. ● Today, PhotoDNA is used by organizations around the world and has assisted in the detection, disruption,

and reporting of millions of child exploitation images. ● Microsoft has restricted the use of his software beyond this purpose in all countries. ● The software creates a unique digital signature of any image and then compares it to other photos to find

a similar one. ● Recently, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) sent an official request to social media platforms to

use Microsoft's PhotoDNA for purposes of investigation in regular criminal cases.

67. d. Explanation: ● Ring fence policy was adopted to protect British territories by creating buffer zones outside on the

periphery. It is for land territory and it does not include annexation.

68. c. Explanation: Source – http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/the-lisbon-treaty/treaty-on-European-union-and-comments/

title-6-final-provisions/137-article-50.html ● BREXIT - For the UK to leave the EU it had to invoke Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty which gives the

two sides two years to agree the terms of the split. Theresa May triggered this process on 29 March, 2017, meaning the UK is scheduled to leave at 11pm UK time on Friday, 29 March 2019.

● The Treaty of Lisbon (initially known as the Reform Treaty) is an international agreement that amends the two treaties which form the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU). The Treaty of Lisbon was signed by the EU member states on 13 December 2007, and entered into force on 1 December 2009. It amends the Maastricht Treaty (1993), known in updated form as the Treaty on European Union (207) or TEU, and the Treaty of Rome (1957), known in updated form as the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (2007) or TFEU.

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● Article 501. Any Member State may decide to withdraw from the Union in accordance with its own constitutional

requirements.2. A Member State which decides to withdraw shall notify the European Council of its intention. In the

light of the guidelines provided by the European Council, the Union shall negotiate and conclude an agreement with that State, setting out the arrangements for its withdrawal, taking account of the framework for its future relationship with the Union. That agreement shall be negotiated in accordance with Article 218(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. It shall be concluded on behalf of the Union by the Council, acting by a qualified majority, after obtaining the consent of the European Parliament.

3. The Treaties shall cease to apply to the State in question from the date of entry into force of the withdrawal agreement or, failing that, two years after the notification referred to in paragraph 2, unless the European Council, in agreement with the Member State concerned, unanimously decides to extend this period.

4. For the purposes of paragraphs 2 and 3, the member of the European Council or of the Council representing the withdrawing Member State shall not participate in the discussions of the European Council or Council or in decisions concerning it.

5. A qualified majority shall be defined in accordance with Article 238(3)(b) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

6. If a State which has withdrawn from the Union asks to rejoin, its request shall be subject to the procedure referred to in Article 49.

69. b. Explanation: ● The Quit India movement stands out among the three major movements during the Gandhian Era

because of the truly mass-based character of the movement. All the major leaders of the Indian National Congress were arrested on the eve of the movement and thus the movement was rendered leaderless. However, local leaders emerged and they ;ed the movement in various parts of India.

Thought Process: ● There might be a confusion between statement 1 and 2 and thus, one has to choose the more correct

answer in these type of questions. Although there were some events of destruction of British Property, etc. the major character of the movement remained non violent, while the absence of Mahatma Gandhi at the leadership position is an evident fact. Thus, statement (b) is the correct answer.

70. b. Explanation: ● There is no evidence of Ashoka disbanding the large Mauryan army though it was true that he renounced

policy of conquest after destruction in war of Kalinga. Hence Statement I is wrong. ● Second statement is correct as Ashoka prioritized visiting Buddhist shrines rather than carrying out

pleasure tours.

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71. c. Explanation- ● ‘Kalamezhuthu’ is a powder drawing i.e. rangoli tradition in Kerala. It is also called as Dholichitram.

Natural pigments are used- white from rice floor; black from charcoal powder, yellow from turmeric powder. It has also influenced the medieval mural traditions in Kerala.

72. d. Explanation- ● ‘Ossuary Feast’ is a famous Nicobari festival in which Nicobari tribal dance is performed. This festival is

also called as Pig festival. The specific tribal dance performed during this festival is generally performed on full moon days in order to pay respect to the departed head of the family.

73. c. Explanation: ● UNESCO global Geopark Network sites status:

o UNESCO Global Geoparks are single, unifiedgeographical areas where sites andlandscapes of international geological significance are managed with a holistic concept of protection, education and sustainable development.

o It aims to enhance awareness andunderstanding of key issues facing society,such as using our earth’s resourcessustainably, mitigating the effects of climatechange and reducing natural disasters-relatedrisks.

o The Global Geoparks Network (GGN), is alegally constituted not-for-profit organisation.Its membership is obligatory for UNESCOGlobal Geoparks.

● About sites chosen:o Lonar lake, Maharahstra:

Lonar Lake, also known as Lonar crater, is a notified National Geo-heritage Monument, saline, soda lake, located at Lonar in Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India. Lonar Lake was created by a meteor impact during the Pleistocene Epoch.

o St. Mary’s Island and Malpe Beach,Karnataka: St. Mary's Islands, also known as Coconut Island and Thonsepar, are a set of four small islands

in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Malpe in Udupi, Karnataka, India. They are known for their distinctive geological formation of columnar basaltic lava

74. b. Explanation: ● Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty:

o It was crucial Cold War-era treaty banning development, testing and possession of short and medium range ground-launched nuclear missiles with range of 500-5,000 km.

o The treaty was signed in December 1987 between then US President Ronald Reagan and his USSR counterpart Mikhail Gorbachev.

o The treaty banned all nuclear and conventional missiles, as well as their launchers, with ranges of 500–1,000 km or (short-range) and 1,000–5,500 km (intermediate-range).

o This treaty was central to ending arms race between two superpowers during cold war and protected America’s NATO allies in Europe from Soviet missile attacks.

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o It was designed to provide measure of some strategic stability on continent of Europe. ● Reasons for US’s withdrawal from treaty:

o US President Trump has alleged that Russia has violated treaty and has been violating it for many years.

o This violation comes after Russia’s alleged development and deployment of Novator 9M729 missile (also known as SSC-8), that could strike Europe at short notice.

o Accusations of Russia violating this treaty pre-dates Trump presidency and go back to 2008 during President Obama administration.

o Under former President Barack Obama raised issue of Russia testing ground-launched cruise missile with Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2014.

o But Russia had denied allegations and raised counter-allegations of the US installing missile defence systems in Europe.

o While two countries failed to find resolution using dispute resolution mechanism in treaty, US continued to remain party to treaty under pressure from its European allies.

75. c. Explanation: ● Human Cloning Agreement:

o Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy (or clone) of a human. The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. It does not refer to the natural conception and delivery of identical twins.

o The possibility of human cloning has raised controversies. These ethical concerns have prompted several nations to pass laws regarding human cloning and its legality.

o In January 1998, 189 members of the UN adopted a declaration denouncing human cloning. This included India.

o The UK has enacted a law on the subject called the ‘Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001’.

76. a. Explanation: ● Statement 1 is correct. Most rare diseases are genetic, and are present throughout a person’s entire life,

even if symptoms do not immediately appear. ● Statement 2 is not correct. A rare disease, also referred to as an orphan disease, is any disease that affects

a small percentage of the population. Thought Process:

● Statement 2 can be easily eliminated by looking at word ‘majority’ in context of rare diseaseSources: Down To Earth

77. d. Explanations: ● • Tropical grasslands:

o Tropical grasslands are located near the equator, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. They cover much of Africa as well as large areas of Australia, South America, and India.

o Tropical grassland animals (which do not all occur in the same area) include giraffes, zebras,

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buffaloes, kangaroos, mice, moles, gophers, ground squirrels, snakes, worms, termites, beetles, lions, leopards, hyenas, and elephants. The world's greatest diversity of ungulates (hoofed mammals) is found on the savannas of Africa.

o The antelopes are especially diverse and include eland, impalas, gazellesoryx, gerenuk and kudu. Buffalo, wildebeest, plains zebra, rhinos, giraffes, elephants and warthogs are among other herbivores of the African savanna. Carnivores include lions, leopards, cheetahs, jackals, wild dogs and hyenas. Termites are especially abundant in the tropical grasslands of the world.

o Climate: Tropical grasslands are found in tropical wet and dry climates. These areas are hot year-round,

usually never dropping under 64 degrees Farenheit. Although these areas are overall very dry, they do have a season of heavy rain. Annual rainfall is from 20-50 inches per year. It is crucial that the rainfall is concentrated in six or eight months of the year, followed by a long period of drought when fires can occur. If the rain were well distributed throughout the year, many such areas would become tropical forest.

o Soil: The soil of tropical grasslands is porous, with rapid drainage of water. It has only a thin layer

of humus (the organic portion of the soil created by partial decomposition of plant or animal matter), which provides vegetation with nutrients.

78. c. Explanation: ● A financial crisis would be a signal of the unhealthy condition of the economy in general, with following

indications:○ Asset prices see a steep decline in value○ businesses and consumers are unable to pay their debts○ financial institutions experience liquidity shortages

● A financial crisis is often associated with a bank run where investors sell off assets or withdraw money from savings accounts.

● This is driven by the fear that the value of those assets would drop if they remain in a financial institution.If left unchecked, a financial crisis can cause an economy to go into a recession or depression.Source : Indian Express

Thought process: ● One can eliminate first statement as it is contrasting with other two statements.

79. d. Explanation: ● Statement 1 is not correct. The Union Cabinet has recently approved the Implementation of an

Externally Aided Project namely “National Rural Economic Transformation Project (NRETP) under the DeendayalAntyodayaYojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) through loan assistance (IBRD Credit) from World Bank.

● The technical assistance provided by NRETP and the higher level interventions facilitated by the project will enhance the livelihoods promotion and access to finance and scale-up initiatives on digital finance

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and livelihood interventions.Source: Pib

80. c. Explanation: ● It aims to achieve a turnover of $400 billion (about ₹26 lakh crore) for the electronics system design and

manufacturing sector by 2025. ● It expected to generate employment opportunities for one crore people ● It proposed by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). ● It aims to position India as a global hub for Electronics System Design and Manufacturing – (ESDM).

Source: Pib

81. c. Explanation: ● Highest total is of 420 out of 1000 hence 42 %

82. c. Explanation:90 + 170 + 60 + 80 + 100 = 500/5 = 100

83. b. Explanation:180 + 60 = 240 therefore 24 %

84. a. Explanation: ● The difference between A (290 ) and D ( 400) is ( 110) hence 11 %

85. a. Explanation:( 250 + 170 ) / 2 = 210

Marking Scheme for decision making questions is as follows :

Question Number (a) (b) (c) (d)

86 0 2 1 1.5

87 0 2 1.5 1

88 0 1 2 1.5

89 0 2 1.5 1

90 1 2 0 1.5

91. c. Explanation: Ganesh > Mahesh > Kumar > Sameer > Vijay

92. c. Explanation: ● If they contradict each other, one of them will speak truth and other will lie. So Either ‘Amar speaks truth

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and Prem‘ lie or ‘ Amar lie and Prem speaks the truth ‘. ● Hence 0.8 x 0.2 + 0.8 x 0.2 = 0.32 ● Hence 32%

93. d. Explanation: ● Three digits needs to be formed out of 5 digits. So first place will be filled in 5C1 ways. And second place

will be filled by 4C1 ways and third place will be filled by 3C1 ways. ● 5 x 4 x 3 = 60

94. b

95. c

96. c

97. d

98. b

99. d

100. a


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