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1 Chanakya Mandal Pariwar / CTS Exam 2019 / 1 Chanakya Mandal Pariwar Answer Key Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. 1 A 21 D 41 C 61 A 81 - 2 A 22 A 42 C 62 A 82 - 3 B 23 D 43 B 63 C 83 - 4 B 24 B 44 B 64 C 84 - 5 B 25 A 45 C 65 B 85 - 6 A 26 C 46 C 66 C 86 D 7 A 27 A 47 C 67 D 87 B 8 B 28 A 48 D 68 C 88 D 9 B 29 B 49 C 69 D 89 C 10 C 30 B 50 B 70 D 90 B 11 C 31 B 51 B 71 B 91 D 12 C 32 D 52 C 72 D 92 D 13 B 33 A 53 C 73 C 93 D 14 D 34 B 54 C 74 A 94 A 15 D 35 A 55 B 75 D 95 A 16 B 36 D 56 A 76 A 96 D 17 A 37 C 57 C 77 D 97 C 18 C 38 B 58 B 78 D 98 D 19 D 39 C 59 B 79 C 99 D 20 C 40 B 60 C 80 D 100 D Chanakya Mandal Pariwar Competitive Talent Search Exam 2019 Date : 8 July 2019
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Answer Key

Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A.

1 A 21 D 41 C 61 A 81 -

2 A 22 A 42 C 62 A 82 -

3 B 23 D 43 B 63 C 83 -

4 B 24 B 44 B 64 C 84 -

5 B 25 A 45 C 65 B 85 -

6 A 26 C 46 C 66 C 86 D

7 A 27 A 47 C 67 D 87 B

8 B 28 A 48 D 68 C 88 D

9 B 29 B 49 C 69 D 89 C

10 C 30 B 50 B 70 D 90 B

11 C 31 B 51 B 71 B 91 D

12 C 32 D 52 C 72 D 92 D

13 B 33 A 53 C 73 C 93 D

14 D 34 B 54 C 74 A 94 A

15 D 35 A 55 B 75 D 95 A

16 B 36 D 56 A 76 A 96 D

17 A 37 C 57 C 77 D 97 C

18 C 38 B 58 B 78 D 98 D

19 D 39 C 59 B 79 C 99 D

20 C 40 B 60 C 80 D 100 D

Chanakya Mandal PariwarCompetitive Talent Search Exam 2019

Date : 8 July 2019

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1. a. Explanation: ● Kangchendzongd Biosphere Reserve (BR) of Sikkim the highest BR in country included in USESCO’s

World. Network of Biosphere Reserve (WNBR) In India we have 18 biosphere Reserve out of which II have been included in WNBR.

Thought Process: ● • If you know BR and its state than here you can use logic that from option only kangchendzonga a

BR located in Himalayan state. So there is most probability that it would be highest. Here remember one thing that, this type of risk not always work in exam. But according to your attempt of questions you can take calculated risk.

2. a : Explanation: ● In March 1931, a special session of the congress was held at karachi to endorse the Gandhi-Irwin or

Delhi pact. In these session, resolution was adopted on fundamental Rights and the other on national Economic programme.1) The Resolution on Fundamental Right are

a) Free speech and free press.b) Right to form Associationsc) Right to assembled) Universal adult franchisee) Equal legal right irrespective of caste, creed, sexf) Neutrality of state in religious matters.

3. b. Explanation: ● The day to day application of science is UPSC’s interesting topic .Sometimes UPSC tends to ask such

kind of questions like contents in lipstick, chalk powder. Corrosion is phenomenon which is seen in daily life.

● The surface of some metals, such as iron, is corroded when they are exposed to moist air for a long period of time. This phenomenon is known as corrosion.

● Galvanisation or galvanization (or galvanizing as it is most commonly called) is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to iron or steel, to prevent rusting. The most common method is hot dip galvanizing, in which steel sections are submerged in a bath of molten zinc. Galvanizing protects in a

Chanakya Mandal PariwarCompetitive Talent Search Exam 2019

Date : 8 July 2019

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number of ways:o It forms a barrier that prevents corrosive substances from reaching the underlying steel or iron.o Thezincservesasasacrificialanodesothatevenifthecoatingisscratched,theexposedsteelwill

still be protected by the remaining zinc.o The zinc protects its base metal by corroding before iron.o The zinc surface reacts with the atmosphere to form a compact, adherent patina that is insoluble in

rainwater.Source: NCERT ,10th Chapter 3

4. b. Explanation: ● The British government has announced a research project, South Asian Nitrogen Hub to study nitrogen

pollution in India and South Asia. The project aims to study the impact of different forms of nitrogen pollution, particularly looking at nitrogen in agriculture in eight countries of South Asia.

● The project led by UK’s Centre for Ecology and Hydrology will partner with 50 organizations from the UK and South Asia. Indian institutions to be involved include National Institute of Oceanography, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Aligarh Muslim University, National Physical Laboratory, and TERI University. Source: vigyanprasar.gov.in and downtoearth.org

5. b : Explanation – ● Guru Angad – the successor of Guru Nanak compiled the compositions of Guru Nanak. He also added

his own compositions in a new script called Gurmukhi. The three successors of Guru Angad also wrote under the name of “Nanak”. Guru Arjan in 1604 compiled all these compositions and added the writings of Shaikh Farid, Sant Kabir and Sant Namdev. Later this came to be known as Guru Granth Sahib.

● Guru Nanak emphasized on the worship of one God. He insisted that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining liberation. His idea of liberation was not that of inert bliss but rather pursuit of active life with a strong sense of social commitment.

6. a : Explanation- ● Pochampalli silk and cotton sarees are very famous for its intricate geometric designs. These sarees

are used by Air India crew members. Patolasarees of Patan, Gujrat are famous. This is an example of handloom textile. Bomkai is a fabric tradition of Odisha. Embroidery work on these sarees is famous.

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7. a. Explanation:

8. b. Explanation: ● Consolidated Fund of India:

It is a fund to which all receipts are credited and all payments are debited. In other words, (a) all revenues received by the Government of India; (b) all loans raised by the Government by the issue of treasury bills, loans or ways and means of

advances; and (c) all money received by the government in repayment of loans forms the Consolidated Fund of

India. ● All the legally authorised payments on behalf of the Government of India are made out of this fund. No

money out of this fund can be appropriated (issued or drawn) except in accordance with aparliamentary law.

9. b. Explanation: ● During combination of two or more reactants, the reactants may require or release heat with formation

of products. ● Endothermic Reactions:

o An endothermic reaction is any chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its environment. The absorbed energy provides the activation energy for the reaction to occur. A hallmark of this type of reaction is that it feels cold. The examples of endothermic reactions are as follows:1. Melting ice cubes2. Melting solid salts3. Evaporating liquid water4. Converting frost to water vapor (melting, boiling, and evaporation, in general, are endothermic

processes5. Making an anhydrous salt from a hydrate6. Forming a cation from an atom in the gas phase7. Splitting a gas molecule

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8. Separating ion pairs9. Cooking an egg10. Baking bread

● Exothermic Reactions: o Exothermic reactions are reactions or processes that release energy, usually in the form of heat or

light. In an exothermic reaction, energy is released because the total energy of the products is less than the total energy of the reactants. The examples of exothermic reactions are as follows:

o Making of ice-cubeo Snow formation in cloudso Rusting of irono Burning of candleo Burning of sugaro Formation of ion pairs is exothermico Water and calcium chloride o Cold packs to heal an injury

● Asonlyinfirstoptionthatisinnucleartestheatisevolved,thatreactionisnotendothermic.Evenyoumay know this one other options can be eliminated easily.

10. c. Explanation: ● Statue of Equality:

o The Statue of Equality will be made of PanchaLoha (Combinations of 5 Metals).o The statue will be surrounded by 108 DivyaDesas which will be built in stone, rich with ornate

architectural detailing.o Audio guides in at least 5 languages including English, Hindi, Telugu, Tamiletc will be provided to

all visitors explaining the history of each of these temples.o An educational gallery with state of art technology will be setup exhibiting the inspiring incidents

from the life of Bhagavad Ramanujacharya. (IlaiyaPerumal)o A gold deity of Bhagavad Ramanujacharya weighing 120 kgs representing the number of years He

lived in this world, will be installed in the Dhyanamandiram (meditation hall).o AnOmnimaxtheatrewillbeconstructedtoscreenhighlyeducationalandculturallysignificantshort

movies about the secrets of the Universe as recorded in our Vedic scriptures.o The entire site will be environment friendly, with highly sophisticated security features on par with

international standards.

11. c. Explanation: ● UPSC, lately, has been asking factual questions based on static information of the topics that are in news.

Hence the question. Radhanagar beach was also in news few years back as being recognized as the best beach in Asia by TIMES.

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12. c. Explanation: ● DemandPullInflationmeans:

o Excess demand and ‘too much money chasing too few goods.’o The economy is at full employment/full capacity.o The economy will be growing at a rate faster than the long-run trend rate.o A falling unemployment rate.

● This represents a situation where the basic factor at work is the increase in aggregate demand for output either from the government or the entrepreneurs or the households. The result is that the pressure of demand is such that it cannot be met by the currently available supply of output.

● If, for example, in a situation of full employment, the government expenditure or private investment goesup,thisisboundtogenerateinflationarypressuresintheeconomy.Keynesexplainedthatinflationariseswhen there occurs an inflationary gap in the economywhich comes to existwhen aggregatedemand exceeds aggregate supply at full employment level of output.

● CostPushInflation:o Cost-pushinflationoccurswhenweexperiencerisingpricesduetohighercostsofproductionand

highercostsofrawmaterials.Cost-pushinflationisdeterminedbysupply-sidefactors(cost-pushinflationisdifferenttodemand-pullinflationwhichoccursduetoaggregatedemandgrowingfasterthan aggregate supply)

o Cost-pushinflationcanleadtolowereconomicgrowthandoftencausesafallinlivingstandards,though it often proves to be temporary.

13. b. Explanation: ● Thepermanentsettlementhadcomeintooperationin1793.TheEastIndiacompanyhadfixedtherevenue

that each zamindar had to pay In the early decades after the permanent settlement zamindarsreqularly failed to pay the revenue demand and unpaid balance accumulated. The reasons for this failure were various.

● The initially demand were very high.o Thiswasbecauseitwasfeltifthedemandwasfixedforalltimetocome,thecompanywouldnever

be able to claim a share of increased income from land when prices rose and cultivation expanded.o To minimize this anticipated loss, the company pegged the revenue demand high. Arguing that the

burden on zamindars would gradually decline as agriculture production expanded and prices rose.o This high demand was imposed in 1790. A time when the prices of Agricultural produce was

depressedmakingitdifficultfortheryotstopaytheirduestothezamindar. ● The revenue was invariable, regardless of the harvest, and had to paid punctually. In facts according tosunsetlaw,ifpaymentdidnotcomeinbysunsetofthespecifieddatethezamindarwasliabletobeauctioned.

● Permanent Settlement initially limited the powers of the zamindar to collect rent. From the ryot and manage his zamindari.

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14. d. Explanation: ● Coral bleaching is the condition of death of corals, which leads to change in theor color from colourful

ones to white/pale. When coral bleaching starts due to change in ideal condition, they expel zooxanthallae which provides hem colour.

● Reasons for coral bleaching:1. Global warming – Sea surface temperature is rising because of global warming. Hence, ocean water

is becoming intolerably warm for corals. (Perfect range of temperature is 23-27degrees)2. Ozone depletion – With depletion of protective cover of ozone, solar radiation is increasing. Hence,

more amount of UV rays cause harm to highly sensitive corals. 3. Oceanacidification–IncreaseinCO2inatmospherecausesformationofmoreH2CO3.Thismakes

ocean water acidic and causes harm to corals. 4. Algal bloom – Excess Nitrogen from agricultural fields and other sources flows into the ocean

through river. This causes eutrophication and over production of algae. This covers water, reduces sunlight and oxygen and impairs photosynthesis.

15. d. Explanation: ● Water as propulsion agent:

o Engineers at Purdue University in the US have designed and tested a micro-propulsion system that uses liquid water as the propellant for orbital maneuvering of tiny satellites called Cube Sats.

o Pure water is chosen as the propellant since it is green, safe, easy to use and free from the risk of contaminatingsensitiveinstrumentsbythebackflowfromplumesasinthecaseofthrustersusingchemical propellants.

16. b. Explanation: ● We find the reference of Mahashilakantaka and Rathamusala as weapons used by Ajathshatru.Mahashilakantakawasacatapaultlikeweaponusedforhurlingstones.Rathamusalawasachariotfittedwith a mace for driving through enemy troops.

17. a. Explanation: ● Thereare twoprevalentopinionsregarding theagriculturalsubsidies.According tofirstopinion, thesubsidiesbenefitfertilizerindustriesaswellasfarmersmainlyintheprosperousregionsodon’tservethe real target group.

● They also provide incentive to wasteful and excessive use of fertilizers and other resources. They do not allow price to indicate the real availability of the good.

● But the other view says that, the government should continue to provide subsidy because poor and marginal farmers depend on subsidies for the purchase of inputs. So total abolition of subsidies will violatethegoalofequity.Hencegovernmentshouldensurethatonlyneedygetsthebenefitsoutofit.Source- 11th NCERT chapter – 2

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18. c. Explanation: ● Positiveeffectsofflood:

o Recharging water sources: Floodsarenaturalhydrologicprocessesandprovidevariableriverflowsandareanintermittent

sourceoffreshwatersupply,fillingnaturaldepressionsandrecharginggroundwater. Inundationofthefloodplainshelpsrechargethegroundwater,whichisanimportantsourceof

drinking water and is essential for agriculture. They are an important source for restocking local man-made water sources such as ponds, reservoirs, dams and irrigation channels, meeting round-the-year demand.

o Agriculture: Floodwaterscarrynutrientsandsediments,whicharedepositedonfloodplains,enrichingthe

soil.Ricepaddiesarefloodeddeliberatelytotakeadvantageofthisnaturalfertilizationprocess.o Fishery:

Ariverbasinisanecologicalunitinterconnectingupstreamspawninghabitatswithdownstreamrearinghabitatsforavarietyofspeciesandotheraquaticsystems.Seasonalhabitatsonthefloodplain,createdbyvariableflowregimes,areessentialforvariousstagesofthelifecycleofspecies.

Floodsprovideanecologicaltriggerforboththespawningandmigrationofcertainspecies.Somespeciesspawnonthefloodplainitself,whereasothersmigrateupstreamtospawnintheriverchannel,providinganabundantsupplyoffishandalternativeincomesourcesatthehouseholdlevel.

o Rejuvenation of the river ecosystem: The river ecosystem is a critical habitat for the biota: fish,wildlife andwaterfowl. Seasonal

variabilityandvariablesedimentandflowregimeshelpmaintainecologicalbiodiversityinriversandfloodplains.

Wetlandsor swamps located infloodplains serveasnaturalbuffer zones forexcessivefloodflowsandplayhost tomanybirds,fishandplants.Supplementary livelihoods in the formofrecreational and eco-tourism activities can be made possible by the presence of the rich river ecosystem,bestowedwithabundantfloraandfauna.

Surface runoff and flooding can help wash down pollutants and contaminants deposited onlandcausedbytheintensiveuseofpesticidesandfertilizers.Theyalsoflushoutaccumulatedorganic substances brought by untreated drainage water from farmlands, stockyards, factories and domestic use and restore the ecological health of stagnant rivers and streams by diluting them and providing clean water.

● Positiveeffectsofwildfire:o Heats the soil, cracking seed coats and triggering germinationo Triggers woody seed pods held in the canopy to open, releasing seed onto a fresh and fertile ash bedo Clears thick under-storey reducing competition for seedlingso Encourages new growth that provides food for many animalso Creates hollows in logs and trees that can be used by animals for nesting and shelter.

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19. Explanation: d ● ThedevelopmentofthePeriodicTableoftheElementsisoneofthemostsignificantachievementsinscience and a uniting scientific concept,with broad implications inAstronomy,Chemistry, Physics,Biology and other natural sciences.

● The International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements in 2019 will coincide with the 150th anniversary of the discovery of the Periodic System by Dmitry Mendeleev in 1869.

● It is a unique tool enabling scientists to predict the appearance and properties of matter on Earth and in the Universe. Many chemical elements are crucial to enhance the value and performance of products necessary for humankind, our planet, and industrial endeavors.

● The four most recent elements (113, 115, 117 and 118) were fully added into the Periodic Table, with the approval of their names and symbols, on 28 November 2016.

● According to Mendeleev’s Periodic Law,the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic function of their atomic masses.

● According to Modern Periodic Table, the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic function of their atomic number.

● Thefollowingnamesandsymbolsareofficiallyassigned:o Nihonium and symbol Nh, for the element 113,o Moscovium and symbol Mc, for the element 115,o Tennessine and symbol Ts, for the element 117, ando Oganesson and symbol Og, for the element 118.

20. c. Explanation: ● Data Mining:

o Data mining is the practice of automatically searching large stores of data to discover patterns and trends that go beyond simple analysis. Data mining uses sophisticated mathematical algorithms to segment the data and evaluate the probability of future events. Data mining is also known as Knowledge Discovery in Data (KDD).

o The key properties of data mining are:o Automatic discovery of patternso Prediction of likely outcomeso Creation of actionable informationo Focus on large data sets and databaseso Data mining can answer questions that cannot be addressed through simple query and reporting

techniques.

21. d. Explanation: 1. Leguminouscropsshouldbegrownbeforenon-leguminouscropsbecauselegumesfixatmospheric

nitrogen into the soil and add organic matter to the soil. 2. Cropswith tap roots (deep rooted like cotton) should be followed by thosewhich have fibrous

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(shallow rooted crops like sorghum or maze) root system. This facilitates proper and uniform use of nutrients from the soil.

3. Crops of same family should not be grown in succession because they act as alternate hosts for insect pests and diseases.

22. a. Explanation: ● The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) is a research institute in New Delhi that specializes in the fieldsofenergy,environmentandsustainabledevelopment.Establishedin1974,itwasformerlyknownas the Tata Energy Research Institute. As the scope of its activities widened, it was renamed The Energy and Resources Institute in 2003.

● TheWorldSustainableDevelopmentSummit(WSDS)istheannualflagshipeventofTheEnergyandResources Institute (TERI). WSDS 2019 will focus on the theme, 'attaining the 2030 Agenda: Delivering onourPromise'.The“megathemes”tobeaddressedduringtheeventarecleanoceans,climatefinance,energy transitions, mobility and sustainable agriculture.

● LaBL (Lighting a Billion Lives) - An initiative to provide clean lighting access to bottom of the pyramid communities.

● Green Olympiad - Conducted in association with MoEF, it is an international environment examination that is annually organized for middle and high-school students.

● Other Initiative: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) was conceived by TERI and developed with Ministry of New and Renewable energy is a national rating system for green buildings in India. Teri Prakriti SchoolSource: teriin.org

23. d. Explanation: ● Gully erosion is common on steep slopes. Gullies deepen with rainfall, cut the agricultural lands into smallfragmentsandmakethemunfitforcultivation.Aregionwithalargenumberofdeepgulliesorravines is called badland topography.

● Ravines are widespread, in the Chambal basin. Besides this, they are also found in Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Gully plugging actually a disincentive to headward EROSION, interlinking of rivers cannot guarantee soil conservation. Refer NCERT India Physical environment Page no.73.

24. b. Explanation: ● Government e-Marketplace:

o GeM is an Online Market platform was setup in 2016 to facilitate procurement of goods and services by the government ministries, departments, public sector undertakings (PSU) etc.

o It has been envisaged as National Procurement Portal of India.o It has been developed by Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals (Ministry of Commerce

and Industry) with technical support of National e-governance Division (Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology).

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o It functions under Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals (DGS&D), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

● GeM is a completely paperless, cashless and system driven e-market place that enables procurement of common use goods and services with minimal human interface.

25. a. Explanation: ● Laffer curve

o The Laffer Curve is a theory developed by supply-side economist Arthur Laffer to show the relationship between Taxratesand Theamountoftaxrevenuecollectedbygovernments.

o The curve is used to illustrate Laffer’s main premise that the more an activity — such as production — is taxed, the less of it is generated.

o Likewise, the less an activity is taxed, the more of it is generated as taxes increase from low levels, tax revenue collected by the government also increases.

o It also shows that tax rates increasing after a certain point (T* on the diagram below) would cause people not to work as hard or not at all, thereby reducing tax revenue.

o Eventually, if tax rates reached 100 percent, shown as the far right on his curve, all people would choose not to work because everything they earned would go to the government.

o Governments would like to be at point T* because it is the point at which the government collects maximum amount of tax revenue while people continue to work hard.

26. c. Explanation: ● Only 1 and 2 are correct. Excise duty is a tax revenue receipt source. ● Loans received from foreign countries are the capital receipts of the government. ● Non-tax Revenue receipts:

o Interest ReceiptsIt is the interest income from the loans given by the Central Government to State Governments and other

Government bodies.o Dividends&Profits

● Dividends are income from the shares held by Governments in private enterprises and semi-government enterprises.ProfitsaredividendincomefromthefullyGovernmentownedenterprises.

Thought process: ● By eliminating 4, we can get correct answer. Any loan has to be returned with some interest which forms

liability on the government. Thus it is a Capital receipt of the government. ● On the other hand 1 mentions grants-in-aid, which do not need to be repaid. Thus it forms a part of non-

tax revenue receipt.

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27. a. Explanation: ● Demand Elasticity:

o The demand elasticity (elasticity of demand) refers to how sensitive the demand for a good is to changes in other economic variables, such as prices and consumer income.

o Demand elasticity is calculated as the percent change in the quantity demanded divided by a percent change in another economic variable. A higher demand elasticity for an economic variable means that consumers are more responsive to changes in this variable.

o Demand elasticity measures a change in demand for a good when another economic factor changes. Demandelasticityhelpsfirmsmodelthepotentialchangeindemandduetochangesinthepriceofagood, the effect of changes in prices of other goods, and many other important market factors.

o Agraspofdemandelasticityguidesfirms towardmoreoptimalcompetitivebehaviorandallowsthem to make precise forecasts of their production needs. If the demand for a good is more elastic in response to changes in other economic factors, companies must use caution when raising prices.

Thought Process:o Demand elasticity depends upon the availability of closest substitute available for particular object.

For example, if you want to live (which I guess, everybody wants!), you need air. There’s no alternative available.

o If you want to transport tea from one city to other city, there are different alternatives available gor transportation like road, train or via aeroplane.

● Hence, air has most demand elasticity.

28. a. Explanation: ● EcomarkisacertificationmarkissuedbytheBureauofIndianStandards(BIS)forproductswhichareecologicallysafeandadherestothestandardsprescribedbytheBIS.Itwasfirstissuedin1991byaresolution.

● It is issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests. ● Products that meet the prescribed environmental criteria, as well as quality standards set by BIS, will be

issued the ECOMARK label. ● Recycling of product is taken into account for ECOMARK scheme.

29. b. Explanation: ● Asiatic lions are cousins of the African lion. They are believed to have split away 100,000 years ago.

According to the last census conducted in 2015, the number of lions in Gir sanctuary stood at 523. It is listed in Schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, has been categories as Endangered on IUCN Red List and is listed Appendix I of CITES.

● Asiatic lions were once distributed up to the state of West Bengal in east and Rewa in Madhya Pradesh, in central India. At present Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is the only abode of the Asiatic lion. The last surviving population of the Asiatic lions is a compact tract of dry deciduous forest and open grassy scrublands in southwestern part of Saurashtra region of Gujarat.

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● Scientists at Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) National Institute of Virology in Pune have found active transmission of the Canine distemper virus (CDV) in at least 23 lions of Gujarat’s Gir forest. The virus is blamed for the death of as many as 23 lions in Gujarat’s Gir sanctuary.Source:wwfindia.organdNewspaper.

30. b. Explanation: ● Recently, Supreme Court scrapped the use of NOTA (none of the above) option for RajyaSabha polls.

31. b. Explanation: ● There is one important difference that arises when calculating the level of GDP from the spending side

of the economy rather than summing the values added in production. This difference arises because the price paid by consumers for many goods and services is not the same as the sales revenue received by the producer. There are taxes that have to be paid, which place a wedge between what consumers pay and producers receive.

● Taxes attached to the transactions are known as indirect taxes. Thus, if a consumer pays 100 for a meal in a restaurant the owner may receive only 86, the remaining 14 will go to the government in the form of VAT. The term factor cost or basic price is used in the national accounts to refer to the prices of products as received by producers. Market prices are the prices as paid by consumers.

● Thus, factor cost or basic prices are equal to market prices minus taxes on products plus subsidies on products.

32. d. Explanation: ● Atomic Minerals Directorate for Research and Exploration:

o The oldest unit of the Department of Atomic Energy (India) (DAE), Government of India. The principal mandate of the organisation is to carry out geological exploration and discover mineral

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deposits required for nuclear power programme of India. ● Heavy Water Board:

o Heavy Water Board (HWB) is a constituent unit under the Department of Atomic Energy in the Government of India. The organisation is primarily responsible for production of Heavy Water (D2O) which is used as a 'moderator' and 'Coolant' in nuclear power as well as research reactors.

o Other than Heavy Water, HWB is also engaged with production of different types of nuclear grade solvents and extraction of rare materials.

● Indian Rare Earth Limited:o It was incorporated with the primary intention of taking up commercial scale processing of monazite

sandatitsfirstunitnamelyRareEarthsDivision(RED),Aluva,Kochifortherecoveryofthorium.o TheCorporateResearchCentre is locatedatKollam,Keralaandcarriesout research in thefield

of value added products from beach sand minerals, undertakes consultancy projects on mineral separation andflow sheet development, carryingoutmineral analysis and caters to the needs ofinternal and external customers.

● Uranium Corporation of India:o The corporation was founded in 1967 and is responsible for the mining and milling of uranium ore

in India.

33. a. Explanation: ● NABARD All India Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS):

o Farm households register higher income than the families solely dependent on non-farm livelihood activities in rural areas.

o While 88.1 per cent rural households and 55 percent agricultural households reported having a bank account

o The southern States of Telangana (79%), Andhra Pradesh (77%), and Karnataka (74%) showed the highest levels of indebtedness among agricultural households

o Scheme RyatBandhu needs to be seen in this light. ● The highest incidence of indebtedness came from those owning more than two hectares of land. In that

category, 60% of households are in debt

34. b. Explanation: ● Analytics of Things’(AoT):

o IoT generates data, AoT analyzes the data and instructs IoT making things happen in real-time without human intervention.

o Data not touched and analyzed is lost opportunity. Imagine a self-driving car that collects data from all its sensors, but does not analyze and take any action. With the rise of AI development, it is one of the most important examples to demonstrate the power and advantages of IoT, wherein real time decisions are to be made to identify the direction and take a turn or to stop the vehicle in case of an accident (as happened recently with Tesla).

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o As IoT begins to permeate every industry, enough emphasis should also be given to developing new innovative algorithms or improving existing ones to analyze the data generated by these things. This has led to coining the term Analytics of Things (AoT), which deals with analysing raw data generated by the things of IoT.

35. a : Explanation:Apatani valley is situated in lower Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh.

● Features of Apatani Valley:1. Jhum or burn and slash cultivation is predominant in region aroudApatani valley, but not in Apatani

valley.2. They have unique forest management system. They demarcate their forests into private bamboo

forests, private mixed forests, clan forests, common forests and sacred groves. Wood is the only source of fuel here. The saplings form deeper forests are transplanted in the private groves in the months of February or March. Apatanis do not promote monoculture.

3. Apatanisgrowmorethansixvarietiesofrice.Thericefieldsaremeticulouslyterracedlandirrigatedby canals that draw water from streams in the valley.

● Huge volumes of biomass from the mixed oak forests on the mountain tops are the source of nutrient at one end. At the other, houses with piggeries supply recycled waste. The two create a graded system of soil fertility, with nutrient rich plots closer to the village and nutrient poor ones consigned to the middle ofthefield.Source: iucn.org and ocean.si.edu

36. d. Explanation: ● UBI charecteristics according to the Economic Survey, has three key characteristics:

o Universal every citizen receives cash payments, these payments are o Unconditional, o Agency- each individual is free to spend these funds as they wish. o periodic, o UBI is cash transfer instead of in-kind transfer.

● Individual: it is paid on an individual basis—and not, for instance, to households.

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37. c : Explanation:

38. b. Explanation: ● Pith and substance is a legal doctrine in Canadian constitutional interpretation used to determine under

which head of power a given piece of legislation falls. The doctrine is primarily used when a law is challenged on the basis that one level of government (be it provincial or federal) has encroached upon the exclusive jurisdiction of another level of government.

● It is used in the Indian Constitution. The doctrine has been applied in India also to provide a degree offlexibilityintheotherwiserigidschemeofdistributionofpowers.Thereasonforadoptionofthisdoctrine is that if every legislation were to be declared invalid on the grounds that it encroached powers, the powers of the legislature would be drastically circumscribed.

39. c. Explanation: ● Granville Austin in his book The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation (1966) described

the fundamental rights and directive principles, found in Parts III and IV of the Constitution, as the “conscience”, an analogy that has since been widely invoked by academics and non-academics alike.

40. b. Explanation: ● Carbon Sequestration is the process involved in carbon capture and the long term storage of atmospheric

carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to mitigate or defer global warming. It has been proposed as a way to slow the atmospheric and the marine accumulation of greenhouse gases, which are released by burning fossil fuels.

● Carbon dioxide naturally captured from the atmosphere through biological, chemical and physical

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process.Artificialprocesshasbeendevisedtoproducesimilareffects,includinglargescale,artificialcapture and sequestration of industrially produced CO2 using subsurface saline aquifers, reservoirs, oceanwater,agingoilfields,orothercarbonsinks.Bluecarbonissimplythetermforcarboncapturedby the world's ocean and coastal ecosystems. Sea grasses, mangroves, and salt marshes along our coast "capture and hold" carbon, acting as something called a carbon sink.

41. c. Explanation: ● Cross Strait Relations:

o Cross-Strait relations, Mainland–Taiwan relations, or Taiwan–China relations refer to the relationship between the following two political entities, which are separated by the Taiwan Strait in the west PacificOcean: ThePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC),commonlyknownas"China" TheRepublicofChina(ROC),commonlyknownas"Taiwan"

o Their relationship is complex and controversial due to the dispute on the political status of Taiwan after the administration of Taiwan was transferred from Japan at the end of World War II in 1945 and the subsequent split of China into the above two in 1949 as a result of civil war, and hinges on the key questions of ; Whether the two entities are two separate countries (either as "Taiwan" and "China" orTwo

Chinas: "Republic of China" and "People's Republic of China"), or two "regions" or parts of the same country (i.e. "One China") that were split by civil war with rivaling governments, and

WhetherthetransferofTaiwantoRepublicofChinawaslegalinthefirstplacewhenJapanwasforced to give up Taiwan in the aftermath of losing World War II.

42. c. Explanation: ● SawaiJaiSinghreflectedIndiangeniusesinScience.HebuiltobservatoriesatDelhi,Jaipur,Ujjain,

Mathura and Varanasi. He had learnt the accuracy of observations from Europeans. He never referred to Copernican view of the universe, his frame was always Ptolemic.

Thought process: ● There are two traps here – 1) in place of Sawai Jai Singh, they might put Sawai Man Singh or SawaiMadhav

Singh to confuse you. So please have a careful look at the name.2) They may confuse you by adding a third statement on Jai Singh’s view on Universe (Ptolemic or Copernican).

43. b. Explanation: ● BRICS-2020 in Russia and G20 summit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ● G20 in 2022 by India

Source: Wikipedia

44. b. Explanation: ● Ifacountrydoesnotmaintainfiscaldisciplineithastooptforborrowingwhichincreasesdebt.Ifsuch

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debt increases to such a high level, when country needs to borrow just to make interest payments on outstanding loans is termed as debt trap situation.

45. c. Explanation: ● Gulf Co-operation Council:

o The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a political and economic alliance of six countries in the Arabian Peninsula: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

o Established in 1981, the GCC promotes economic, security, cultural and social cooperation between the six states and holds a summit every year to discuss cooperation and regional affairs.

o Due to their geographic proximity, similar political systems and common sociocultural stances, the immediate goal was for these countries to protect themselves from threats after the Iran-Iraq War.

46. c. Explanation: ● Hawk-Eye is a camera system which traces the ball's trajectory during the game. It is the most advanced officiatingtoolusedinsport,usedacrossmanysports.

● The technology is used across a vast array of sports ranging from; Cricket, Football, Tennis, Rugby Union, Volleyball and Ice Hockey. Also, the technology can be seen in sports such as NASCAR and Horse Racing!

● Use of Hawk Eye Technology in Cricket:o It uses six specially placed cameras around the ground to track the path of the ball, from when it was

released from the bowler's hand right up until when it's dead.o The images captured by the camera are then turned into a 3D image by a special computer to show

how the ball will travel on an imaginary cricket pitch.o It can track any types of bounce, spin, swing and seam. And it is about 99.99% accurate.o But while TV viewers get to see the replay of an lbw decision several times, the umpires only get to

see it once - and they have to make their minds up instantly.o Hawk-Eye has a couple of other useful features:o Because of the six cameras tracking the ball, Hawk-Eye picks up the exact spot where the ball

pitches.o It can also create a "grouping" on a pitch to show exactly where a bowler has bowled to a batsman.Hawk-eye also measures the speed of the ball from the bowler's hand, so it will tell you exactly how

much time the batsman has to react to a ball.

47. c. Explanation: ● The English army showed no military superiority in the Battle, it was desertion in the Nawab's camp that

gave Clive the victory.As a consequence of the victory of battle of Plassey, even the British merchants andofficialswerenolongeraskedtopayanytaxesontheirprivatetrade.

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48. d. Explanation: ● The welfare state is a form of government in which the state protects and promotes the economic and

social well-being of the citizens, based upon the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for citizens unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life.

Thought process: ● One should stick to the provisions of Constitution while answering such type of subjective question.

Under Indian Constitution, Article 39 in The Constitution Of India 1949 ● Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State: The State shall, in particular, direct its policy

towards securing(a) that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means to livelihood;(b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best

to subserve the common good;(c) that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means

of production to the common detriment;(d) that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women;(e) that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not

abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength;

(f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.

● Going by article 39, one can easily identify option D as the correct answer, as it is the most appropriate and most closer to the term Welfare State.

49. c. Explanation: ● Statement 1 is correct: ● Article143 in The Constitution of India 1949 ● Power of President to consult Supreme Court

o If at any time it appears to the President that a question of law or fact has arisen, or is likely to arise, which is of such a nature and of such public importance that it is expedient to obtain the opinion of the Supreme Court upon it, he may refer the question to that Court for consideration and the Court may,aftersuchhearingasitthinksfit,reporttothePresidentitsopinionthereon.

● Statement 2 is incorrect: ● Article 146(3) in The Constitution of India 1949 ● OfficersandservantsandtheexpensesoftheSupremeCourt:

o The administrative expenses of the Supreme Court, including all salaries, allowances and pensions payabletoorinrespectoftheofficesandservantsoftheCourt,shallbechargedupontheConsolidatedFund of India, and any fees or other moneys taken by the court shall form part of that Fund.

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● (The salaries, allowances and pensions of Supreme Court judges are Charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India. ie they are not subject to vote of the Parliament).

● Statement 3 is Correct: ● Article 141 in The Constitution of India 1949

o Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts The law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India.

50. b. Explanation: ● As name suggests this budgeting starts from zero base i.e. budget is built around what is needed for

upcoming period, regardless of previous expenditures.

51. b. Explanation: ● Global Slavery Index:

o The 2018 Global Slavery Index provides a country by country ranking of the number of people in modern slavery, as well as an analysis of the actions governments are taking to respond, and the factors that make people vulnerable.

o The Walk Free Foundation provides the Secretariat for the Bali Process on People Smuggling, TraffickinginPersonsandRelatedTransnationalCrime,andchampionsbusinesssectorengagementin this regional program.

o It is also advocating strongly for all leading global economies to enact laws to ensure all organisations are held accountable for taking proactive steps to remove modern slavery from their supply chains.

o The Walk Free Foundation’s Global Slavery Index has developed world leading research to provide measurement of the size and scale of modern slavery, as well as assess country-level vulnerability and governmental responses.

o Together with the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the Walk Free Foundation developed the joint Global Estimates of Modern Slavery

52. c. Explanation: ● Deliberative democracy or discursive democracy is a form of democracy in which deliberation is central

to decision-making. It adopts elements of both consensus decision-making and majority rule. ● Deliberative democracy holds that, for a democratic decision to be legitimate, it must be preceded by

authentic deliberation, not merely the aggregation of preferences that occurs in voting.

53. c. Explanation: ● Mauryan emperors established a strong and considerably centralized empire by creating elaborate

bureaucracy with oversight from the centre. Sending princes as governors and controlling means of transport were few ways of establishing central control.

● Kautilya i.e. Chanakya is associated with Mauryan ruler Chandragupta Maurya. His book Arthashastra elaborately describes administration and bureaucracy. Remembering this might help in solving questions

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related to Mauryan state.

54. c. Explanation: ● CutmotionispowergiventothemembersofLoksabhatoopposedemandoffinancialbilldiscussedby

the government. If a cut motion is adopted by house then and government it is obliged to resign.

55. b. Explanation: ● • Real GDP:o Realgrossdomesticproduct (GDP) isan inflation-adjustedmeasure that reflects thevalueofall

goods and services produced by an economy in a given year, expressed in base-year prices, and is oftenreferredtoas"constant-price,""inflation-corrected"GDPor"constantdollarGDP."

o Unlike nominal GDP, real GDP can account for changes in price level and provide a more accurate figureofeconomicgrowth.

o Real gross domestic product is a macroeconomic assessment that measures the value of the goods andservicesproducedbyaneconomicentityinaspecificperiod,adjustedforinflation.

o GDP is derivedbyvaluing all productionby an economyusing a specificyear's averageprices.Governments use GDP as a comparison tool to analyze an economy's purchasing power and growth over time.

o This is done by looking at the economic output of two periods and valuing each period with the same average prices and comparing the two together.

56. a. Explanation: ● Statement1iscorrectasitdefinespublicprovision. ● Statement 2 is incorrect as they are made available freely without any direct Payment. ● Statement 3 is also incorrect as these public goods can be produced under both government and private

management.

57. c : Explanation: ● Tributaries of Yamuna: Tons, Chambal, Hindon, Betwa, Ken, Giri, Sind, Uttangan, Sengar and Rind ● Tributaries of Ganga: Left bank tributaries – Gomati, Ghaghara, Gandaki, Kosi, Right Bank Tributaries

– Yamuna, Son, Punpun, Damodar

58. b. Explanation: ● (Asked in CAPF exam) ● In any case, 2nd statement is false as quantum physics is not in Newtonian mechanics ● Gravitational Waves:

o Gravitational waves are 'ripples' in the fabric of space-time caused by some of the most violent and energetic processes in the Universe. Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in 1916 in his general theory of relativity.

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o Einstein's mathematics showed that massive accelerating objects (such as neutron stars or black holes orbiting each other) would disrupt space-time in such a way that 'waves' of distorted space would radiate from the source (like the movement of waves away from a stone thrown into a pond).

o Furthermore, these ripples would travel at the speed of light through the Universe, carrying with them information about their cataclysmic origins, as well as invaluable clues to the nature of gravity itself.

o The strongest gravitational waves are produced by catastrophic events such as colliding black holes, the collapse of stellar cores (supernovae), coalescing neutron stars or white dwarf stars, the slightly wobbly rotation of neutron stars that are not perfect spheres, and possibly even the remnants of gravitational radiation created by the birth of the Universe.

● Orphan Memory:o Gravitational-wave memory manifests as a permanent distortion of an idealized gravitational-wave

detector and arises generically from energetic astrophysical events. o For example, binary black hole mergers are expected to emit memory bursts a little more than an

order of magnitude smaller in strain than the oscillatory parent waves. o Gravitational-wave memory for which there is no detectable parent signal. In particular, high-

frequency gravitational-wave bursts produce orphan memory in the LIGO/Virgo band.o Advanced LIGO measurements can place stringent limits on the existence of high-frequency

gravitational waves, effectively increasing the LIGO bandwidth by orders of magnitude. We investigate the prospects for and implications of future searches for orphan memory.

59. b. Explanation- ● Pit dwellings at Burzahom are to be for the protection from intense cold weather in Kashmir. At Mehrgarh,

multiple burials have been found with one of the grave containing goat head which indicates belief in the after life. Hence I and II are correct.

● DaojhaliHading belongs to Assam region. Map reading would help in deciding about this statement.

60. d. Explanation: ● Acquisition and cross servicing agreement:

o The ACSA would permit the Indian Navy (IN) access to a Japanese base in Djibouti, while the Japan Maritime Self Defense Force (JMSDF) would be permitted to use India’s military installations on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands located in the Indian Ocean, which lie near the Malacca Straits, next to other naval facilities.

61. a. Explanation: ● Kandh Uprising (1837 – 56) – The Kandhs retaliated under Chakra Bisoi against the british efforts to put anendtotheKandh’spracticeofhumansacrifice(Mariah).

● KolMutiny( 1831) – This covered Ranchi, Singhbhum, Hazaribagh, Palamau and the western parts of Manbhum. The trouble in 1831 started with large-scale transfers of land from Kol headmen to outsiders

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like Hindu, Sikh and Muslim farmers and money-lenders who were oppressive and demanded heavy taxes. The Kols resented this and in 1831, under the leadership of BuddhoBhagat, the Kol rebels killed or burnt about a thousand outsiders. Only after large-scale military operations could order be restored.

● SanthalRising–Santhals,anagriculturalpeople,whohadfledtosettleintheplainsoftheRajmahalhills led to the Santhal rebellion against the zamindars. The money-lenders who had the support of the police among others had joined the zamindars to subject the peasants to oppressive exactions and dispossession of lands. The rebellion turned into an anti-British movement. Under Sidhu and Kanhu, two brothers, the Santhals proclaimed an end to Company rule, and declared the area between Bhagalpur and Rajmahal as autonomous. The rebellion was suppressed by 1856.

62. a. Explanation: ● Statement 1 is correct: A limited form of Government is generally achieved through a written Constitution

so as to maintain ‘Rule of Law’. ● Statement 2 is correct: The Constitution prescribes terms and conditions for the different authorities in

the form of three tier government, Constitutional bodies and non-constitutional bodies. ● Statement3isincorrect:Aheadofstate(orchiefofstate)isthepublicpersonawhoofficiallyrepresents

the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state. Depending on the country's form of government andseparationofpowers,theheadofstatemaybeaceremonialfigureheadorconcurrentlytheheadofgovernment. In a parliamentary system the head of state is the de jure leader of the nation.

● Statement 4 is incorrect: Same as mentioned in explanation of statement 1.

63. c. Explanation: ● • Types of Taxes

o Direct Taxes = tax incidence and tax burden is on same person .Eg. IncomeTax CorporationTax TaxonWealthand CapitalEstateDuty Short-termcapitalgaintax Long-termcapitalassetgaintax DDT

o Indirect Taxes= tax incidence and tax burden is on different person. As tax burden can be passed on to someone else. E. g. – Entertainment, Customs MostofthemarenowsubsumedunderGST.

Thought Process: ● We buy Movies tickets, end nowadays we pay GST on that (earlier Entertainment Tax).

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64. c. Explanation: ● The constitutional provisions in India on the subject of distribution of legislative powers between the UnionandtheStatesaredefinedunderseveralarticles.TheSeventhSchedule to theConstitutionofIndiadefinesandspecifiesallocationofpowersandfunctionsbetweenUnion&States.Itcontainsthreelists; i.e. 1) Union List, 2) States List and 3) Concurrent List.

65. b. Explanation: ● Arid Soil:

o Distribution: Arid soils are one of the most prevalent soil orders of the world.o Climate:Arid soils are most characterized by their water deficiencies. Most arid soils contain

sufficientamountsofwatertosupportplantgrowthfornomorethan90consecutivedays.o Mineralogy: Arid soils typically contain high levels of calcium carbonates, gypsum, as well as

sodium.o During soil formation, soluble salts at translocated to a subsurface horizon. However, since there is

insufficientrainfalltoleachsaltsfromthesoilprofile,solublesaltsaccumulate.o Arid soils often have a surface horizon that is pale in color and low in organic matter.o Fertility: Due to limited moisture and accumulated soluble salts, these soils are generally not suited

for major crop production. However, if properly managed and irrigated, these soil may become productive.TherearenotablesoilsinMauithatareclassifiedasaridsoils,butarenotablefortheirunique fertility.

66. c. Explanation:

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67. d. Explanation: ● Sher Shah paid special attention to the land revenue system and justice delivery system. He insisted

on measurement of the sown land. A crop rate (ray) was drawn up, laying down the state’s share of the different types of crops. The state preferred the payment in cash, but peasants were give the options of cash or kind. Usually 1/3rd of the produce was the state’s share. The areas sown, the types of crops cultivated and the amount each peasant had to pay was written down on a paper called patta.

● Qazis were appointed at different places for justice but zamindars and village panchayats also continued todealwiththecasesasbefore.HissonIslamShahstartedthecondificationofIslamiclaws,sothatthere was no dependency on a set of people who could interpret these laws.

Thought process: ● This is a simple question and you should make every attempt to not let it go. All the statements are

generic in nature and can be logically related. Statement 2 – given the broader policies of Sher Shah, you can imagine the state’s demand and can mark this as correct. Statement 3 – Sher Shah ruled for a short period and fundamental changes in the systems was a challenge, but at least you can imagine his stress on justice delivery and use of traditional channels for the purpose.

68. c. Explanation: ● Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from

outside sources or bodies. Under the Westphalian sovereignty which means lack of other authority over state other than the domestic authority (examples of such other authorities could be a non-domestic church, a non-domestic political organization, or any other external agent), sovereignty lies with the State and in some cases with the people (through elected representatives).

● While Sovereignty resides with the State but it is always exercised by the Government in power. Sovereignty never resides with the Government.

69. d. Explanation: ● Joint Public Service Commission:

o The Constitution makes a provision for the establishment of a Joint StatePublic Service Commission (JSPSC) for two or more states. While the UPSCand the SPSC are created directly by the Constitution, a JSPSC can becreated by an act of Parliament on the request of the state legislaturesconcerned. Thus, a JSPSC is a statutory and not a constitutional body.

o ThechairmanandmembersofaJSPSCareappointedbythePresident.Theyholdofficeforatermof six years or until they attain the age of 62years, whichever is earlier. They can be suspended or removedby thePresident .Theycanalsoresignfromtheirofficesatany timebysubmittingtheirresignation letters to the President .

o The number of members of a JSPSC and their conditions of service aredetermined by the President .o A JSPSC presents its annual performance report to each of the concerned state governors. Each

governor places the report before the state legislature.The UPSC can also serve the needs of a state on the request of the stategovernor and with the approval of the President .

70. d. Explanation: ● The mugger crocodile, also called the Indian crocodile, or marsh crocodile, is found throughout the

Indian subcontinent. It is listed as vulnerable by IUCN. The mugger is mainly a freshwater species, and found in lakes, rivers and marshes.

● MUGGER PROJECT AT RAMATIRTHA: The Ramatirtha center, in Odisha, is meant for Mugger

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crocodiles. ‘BAULA’ PROJECT AT DANGAMAL is for Salt water crocodile. Source: moef.nic.in and odishawildlife.org

71. b. Explanation: ● Statement 1 is incorrect as seventh schedule deals with divison of powers between the Union and the

State in form on Union list, State list and Concurrent list. ● Statement 2 is correct. ● Statement3isincorrectaseleventhscheduleonlyspecifiesthepowers,authoritiesandresponsibilitiesofthePanchayats,whiletwelfthschedulespecifiesthesameforMunicipalities.

72. d. Explanation: ● PublicInterestLitigationisdirectlyfiledbyanindividualorgroupofpeopleintheSupremeCourtof

India and High Courts of India and judicial member. The concept of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is in consonance with the principles enshrined in Article 39A of the Constitution of India to protect and deliver prompt social justice with the help of law. Public interest litigation gives a wider description to the right to equality, life and personality which is guaranteed under part III of the Constitution of India.

● It has introduced some kinds of reliefs or remedies under the writ jurisdiction. ● It also functions as an effective instrument for changes in the society or social welfare. ● Through public interest litigation, any public or person can seek remedy on behalf of the oppressed class

by introducing a PIL. PIL does not aim at enforcing public duty.

73. c. Explanation- ● COMCASA stands for Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement and is one of the four

foundational agreements that the U.S. signs with allies and close partners to facilitate interoperability between militaries and sale of high end technology.

● COMCASAisanIndia-specificversionoftheCommunicationandInformationonSecurityMemorandumof Agreement (CISMOA). It comes into force immediately, and is valid for a period 10 years.

● COMCASA allows India to procure transfer specialised equipment for encrypted communications for US origin military platforms like the C-17, C-130 and P-8Is. Currently, these platforms use commercially available communication systems.

74. a. Explanation: ● The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) constituted a high-level committee headed by former chairman of the UniqueIdentificationAuthorityofIndia(UIDAI)NandanNilekanitosetuparobustdigitalpaymentsecosystem in the country.

● The committee has been asked to review the existing status of digitization of payments, identify gaps in the ecosystem and suggest ways to plug them

● The panel has to suggest a medium-term strategy for deepening digital payments, and measures to strengthen safety and security.

75. d. Explanation: ● Statement 1 is incorrect as sovereignty of Indian parliament is not equal to that of British counterpart, as

Indian parliament is sovereign within the jurisdiction of parliament and it cannot make any laws which is in violation of fundamental rights which is not the case in Britain as it does not has a written constitution.

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Thus British parliament is supreme wrt Indian parliament. ● Statement 2 is also incorrect as Indian judiciary has both the features viz procedure established by law

and due process of law. While American judiciary is supreme as it works on principle of due process of law which makes the American judiciary supreme.

76. a. Explanation: ● Dual federalism, also known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement inwhichpower isdividedbetween the federal and stategovernments inclearlydefined terms,withstate governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government.

● Dualfederalismisdefinedincontrasttocooperativefederalism("marble-cakefederalism"),inwhichfederal and state governments collaborate on policy.

77. d. Explanation: ● Federalismcanbedefinedasaformofgovernmentinwhichthereisadivisionofpowersbetweentwo

levels of government of equal status. ● Statement 2 is thus incorrect, Federalism in principle does not seek to increase bureaucratic control

and control over parliament. It aims to establish independent form of system of government other than Central level based on the principles prescribed in the Constitution.

● Rest Statements 1,3,4 are correct.

78. d. Explanation: ● Constituent Assembly was constituted under the scheme formulated by Cabinet mission plan. The partly

elected members of the Constituent Assembly were indirectly elected by the members of provincial assemblies who themselves were elected on a limited franchise.

79. c. Explanation: ● Article 37 states that, Application of the DPSPs and its provisions shall not be enforceable by any court,

but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.

● Statement 1 is correct as DPSPs seek to establish ‘Welfare State’, thus it upholds socio economic democracy.

80. d. Explanation- ● Wassenar arrangement is established because : to promote transparency and greater responsibility in

transfer of conventional arms and dual use goods and technology also limited states of UN and not all.

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Marking Scheme for decision making questions is as follows :

Question Number (a) (b) (c) (d)

81 0 1 1.5 2

82 1 1.5 2 0

83 1.5 0 2 1

84 0 1 2 1.5

85 2 1 1.5 0

86. d

87. b

88. d

89. c

90. b

91. d. Explanation: ● Since 6 is the common face hence adjacent numbers of six are 5, 2, 4, 3 hence only remaining number

that is 1 has to be opposite of it.

92. d. Explanation: ● Since 3 is the common face hence adjacent numbers of six are 6, 4, 1, 2 hence only remaining number

that is 5 has to be opposite of it.

93. d. Explanation: ● 5 = A = Mango ● 4 = D = Apple ● 3 = C = Orange ● 2 = E = Guava ● 1 = B = Banana

94. a

95. a

96. d

97. c

98. d

99. d

100. d


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