Karnatak Law SocietysINSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION AND RESEARCHHindwadi, Belgaum

A Project Report on Skill Development

Submitted to

Rani Channamma University, Belagavi

(For fulfillment of requirement, for the award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration)

Submitted ByAniket D.Heranjal(MB121607)

Under the Guidance of Prof. mahantesh halghatti

CHANAKYA BIOGRAPHYChanakya( c. 370 c. 283 BC) was an Indian teacher, philosopher, and royal advisor. Originally a professor of economics and political science at the ancientTakshashila University, Chanakya managed the firstMauryaemperorChandragupta's rise to power at a young age. He is widely credited for having played an important role in the establishment of the Maurya Empire, which was the first empire in archaeologicallyrecorded historyto rule most of the Indian subcontinent. Chanakya served as the chief advisor to both Chandragupta and his sonBindusara. He is the pioneer ofPolitical Realismin India, and is often compared to Thucydides and Machiavelli. Chanakya was not good looking and he chooses her wife, as she was also not good looking. Chanakya married to a dark-skinned Brahmin girl named Yashodhra. Once she went to her brother's house for a function. At that function her sisters & sister-in-laws made laugh of her poverty. This made her & Chanakya very sad. His wife said to Chanakya that she has heard that King Dhananand of Patliputra gives cows to Brahmins on the No-moon day of the Krishna-pashas of Kartik month. So, Chanakya went there and sat on the seat, which was meant for the king.Chanakya is touted as the "Pioneer Economist of India". Chanakya was the adviser and Prime Minister of Emperor Chandragupta. Chanakya was a professor at the University of Takshila (located in present day Pakistan) and was an expert in commerce, warfare, economics, etc. His famous works include Chanakya Neeti, Arthashastra and Neetishastra. Read this biography of Kautilya that covers his interesting life history.Chanakya is also known by the name of Kautilya and Vishnugupta as is mentioned in his text. His famous work called Arthashastra is a classic example of statecraft and politics and is read in Europe even today. It basically consists of the principles of politics and how the state works. An able ruler has to be a ruthless leader to make sure that the state works smoothly and efficiently. The legends associated with Chanakya are very interesting and provide a testimony of his greatness.

CHANAKYA HAS WRITTEN THREE MAIN BOOKS:1. Chanakya sutras,2. Raja nitisastra, and3. Arthasastra

CHANAKYA CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS SOCIETY:He was man of greattacticswho made great contributions and was instrumental in changing thecourseof Indian history.It is said that Chanakya had been personally offended by King Nanda and hehad vowed to keep his longsikha(pony tail)unknotted until he saw to the demise of the contemptuous ruler and his drunken princes.Chanakya helped Chandragupta in raising large army and defeating King Nanda there by fulfilling his vow.He roughlylived between the periods 350-275 BC. He was also known asKautilyaandVishnu Gupta. Chanakya functioned as Chandragupta'scounselorand advised him in many matters related with state. A treatise on the science of politics "Arthashastra' is the most famous work of Chanakya. He is considered as pioneer of the field ofeconomicsand political science. He is considered as one of the great teacher, thinker and diplomat. His intellectual genius commanded lot of adulation and respect during his time and subsequent years. Later on people even tried to attribute authorship of several works dealing with various subjects ranging from to astronomy and mathematics to him but only arthashastra and Neetishstra or Chanakya Neeti are the two books attribution to him.He is considered as great economist and revolutionary. He was a great strategist of his time, and also considered as ruthlessmanipulatorwho was determined toachievehis goals by using fourfold policy of Conciliation, Donation,PunishmentandDivision.Contribution, Artha Sastra, a treatise on economics and political science in India centuries ago. It is no surprise that many of the ancient wisdom suits the present situations of political and economic conditions too because of Chanakyas exceptional foresight.MANAGEMENT LESSONS FROM CHANAKYALesson 1 : Even though Chanakya was reputed and famous in Takshila, it does not mean he would be famous in Patliputra too. So his asking for the debate is justified to prove his worth. Similarly, a high performer' in one team or company needs to prove his worth in a new environment to gain the same tag.Chanakya was prepared to face it. But he could try a different approach for the desired result. In the corporate world, referral plays a major role in hiring key senior employees. If any of the key ministers of the Nandas had referred or introduced him, he might have got the position.Chanakya did not vacate the golden seat, and the Nanda princes physically pulled him down. During this process, a lock of his hair got ruffled up. At this moment, Chanakya took a vow to redo the hair only after defeating the Nandas.They were about to punish him with the death sentence, but one of the ministers prevailed upon the princes to forgive him. Chanakya went out of Magadha and met Chandragupta, who Was waiting for him.There are many stories on how Chanakya first met Chandragupta, but one thing was clear: Chanakya could sense the inherent qualities in Chandragupta and trained him as he wanted to build an empire by making him the king who could protect India from The Greek invasion.

Lesson 2: Fearlessness, perseverance and patience are the key attributes of any leader. This helps in setting lofty goals and fuels the determination to achieve them by executing against the well-laid-out plan.Another great quality exhibited by the leader is in spotting' talents and grooming them to take bigger challenges.Chanakya's first step was to sneak in a spy to keep a watch on the Nandas' inner circle. He knew one Jeevasiddhi, who was intelligent and could do the job. Chanakya told Jeevasidhi about some of the secrets of the palace learnt from Chandragupta who had heard about these from his father.They sent Jeevasiddhi to the palace. Jeevasiddhi convinced the Nandas that he possessed supernatural powers by narrating the secrets hidden in the palace. The Nandas started leaning on him and consulting him before making any major decision. Slowly, he became a part of their coterie.Lesson 3 : A background check is required for most hires, but a detailed one is a must for senior positions to ensure right fit. At a very senior level, where information regarding tender, bid, intellectual property and other trade secrets is involved, company must take steps to protect it.Many companies ask people to sign the non-disclosure agreement and, at times, activate special clauses restraining them from joining rival or competing companies for a few years.Meanwhile, Chandragupta started helping the people of Magadha . His popularity started soaring. This acted as a threat to Nandas. The Nandas had an intelligent minister in AmatyaRakshasa. He advised the Nandas to kill Chandragupta. Jeevasidhi learnt of the plan and helped Chandragupta escape.Chanakya encouraged Chandragupta to take over the Magadha throne. Chandragupta networked with people and built the Mauryan army. Most of them were people disillusioned and unhappy with the Nanda rule. Chanakya and Chandragupta Maurya announced a battle plan and ensured that the Nanda army could be diverted to reach a distant battlefield to fight the Mauryanarmy.In the meantime, a civil war erupted in Magadha . Lesson 4 : A peaceful handover to the new management is desirable as it saves the company from infighting that could weaken it. It would be faster and fruitful to scale new heights from a stable company rather than a wrecked one. It helped Maurya kings to reach new heights faster not only due to their great leadership skills, but also due to peaceful transition.It was a monumental task to build an efficient government for Chandragupta Maurya. Chanakya convinced Rakshasa to continue to be the minister of Chandragupta by sharing his grand vision of fighting against the invasion.Chandragupta was able to leverage Rakshasa's excellent skills in administering the kingdom. Chanakya assumed the position of an elder statesman.Lesson 5 : One needs to perform and show results to be considered as a key resource. Key People are always in demand, but more so doing organizations transformation.People are the main asset. Their knowledge and expertise can provide a big leap to any activity. They should be retained. Managers should not be biased in working with high performers' even if they used to work with their adversaries in the past, provided the person maintains loyalty and confidentiality. Top performers are attracted by lofty visions/goals and Are willing to face difficult challenges.While serving Chandragupta Maurya, Chanakya started adding small amounts of poison in his food so that he could get immune to it and would survive any attempts at poisoning.

One day, his queen, Durdha, shared the food with the Emperor while she was pregnant. She died and Chanakya extricated the baby from the womb. A drop (bindu in Sanskrit) of poison had got into the foetus and hence Chanakya named him Bindusara. Bindusara would go on to become a great king, and his son, Ashoka, would emerge as one of the greatest emperors.Chanakya had a political adversary called Subandhu, who was in the court of Bindusara. He kept looking for opportunity to defame Chanakya in the eyes on Bindusara. On finding the right occasion, he mentioned to the king that Chankaya had killed his mother. However, the bigger question that remains is: why did the Maurya kings keep Subandhu when his envy towards Chanakya was well known?Bindusara became angry with Chankaya. On knowing this, Chanakya walked out of the city, donated all his wealth and sat on a fast. When Bindusara learnt the truth, he felt ashamed and asked Subandhu to apologise to Chanakya.Subandhu hatched a plan to meet him and asked him to forgive him. But secretly, he set Chanakyas abode on fire. Chanakya was killed in the fire.

THOUGHTS FROM CHANAKYA1) "As soon as the fear approaches near, attack and destroy it."2) "The world's biggest power is the youth and beauty of a woman."3) "Once you start a working on something, don't be afraid of failure and don't abandon it. People who work sincerely are the happiest."4) 1"God is not present in idols. Your feelings are your god. The soul is your temple."5) "A man is great by deeds, not by birth."6) "Never make friends with people who are above or below you in status. Such friendships will never give you any happiness."7) "Treat your kid like a darling for the first five years. For the next five years, scold them. By the time they turn sixteen, treat them like a friend. Your grown up children are your best friends."8) "Books are as useful to a stupid person as a mirror is useful to a blind person."9) "Learn from the mistakes of others... you can't live long enough to make them all yourselves!!"10) "A person should not be too honest. Straight trees are cut first and Honest people are screwed first."11) Even if a snake is not poisonous, it should pretend to be venomous."12) "There is some self-interest behind every friendship. There is no friendship without self-interests. This is a bitter truth."13) Before you start some work, always ask yourself three questions - Why am I doing it, what the results might be and Will I be successful. Only when you think deeply and find satisfactory answers to these questions, go ahead."

DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM BIOGRAPHY

APJ Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 at the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu and received honorary doctorates from about 30 universities globally. In the year 1981, the Government of India presented him the nation's highest civilian honor, the Padma Bhushan and then again, the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and the Bharat Ratna in 1997. And Dr APJ Abdul Kalam regards his work on India's nuclear weapons program as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower. Even during his tenure as President, APJ Kalam took avid interest in the spheres of India's science and technology. He has even put forward a project plan for establishing bio-implants. He is also an ardent advocate of open source software over proprietary solutions to churn out more profits in the field of information technology in IndiaAchievements- This eminent scientist and engineer has also served as the 11th President of India from the period 2002 to 2007. APJ Abdul Kalam is a man of vision, who is always full of ideas aimed at the development of the country. He firmly believes that India needs to play a more assesive role in international relations.Apart from being a notable scientist and engineer, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam served as the 11th President of India from the period 2002 to 2007. He is a man of vision, who is always full of ideas aimed at the development of the country and is also often also referred to as the Missile Man of India. People loved and respected Dr APJ Abdul Kalam so much during his tenure as President that was popularly called the People's President.

DR. A.P.J ABDUL KALAMS CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS EDUCATIONBeing a top scientist of international reputation, his direct contribution to the advancement of science and technology is unique and commendable. His scholarly research publications, articles, books etc. have opened new avenues for research and studies in the area of aeronautics, ballistics, and metallurgy.Below are some important factors of Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam, for better Education.Capacities to be built among students: The primary focus of the students should be to excel in their studies. This is their first contribution to the development of the nation. The education system should instill in the minds of students capacities of inquiry, creativity, technology, entrepreneurial and moral leadership. If we develop in all our students these five capacities, we will produce "Autonomous Learner" a self-directed, self controlled, lifelong learner, who will have the capacity to both respect authority and at the same time is capable of questioning authority, in an appropriate manner. Planning for good education for children in villages: Every school should have basic amenities such as a good building equipped with ventilation and lighting. The rooms should be airy and have spacious classrooms. The school should also have a library, laboratories including the latest Information Technology tools and infrastructure, safe drinking water, clean toilets and a playground. This is possible by earmarking the additional 2 to 3 per cent of GDP. Mission of education: Education is the most important element for growth and prosperity of a nation. India is in the process of transforming itself into a developed nation by 2020. Yet we have 350 million people who need literacy and many more who have to acquire employable skills to suit the emerging modern India and the globe. Inequality of access to educational resources: It is essential that we enlighten and create widespread awareness of education among all sections of society particularly in rural areas and among the urban poor. We should use technology for this important social purpose. It is possible for NGOs, other social and philanthropic institutions and the media to focus on this area of creating awareness. We should also mobilise necessary resources for providing education to the underprivileged people. Mobilising resources for the mission of education: Over the last 50 years, successive Governments have been committed to achieving the national goal of universal education and has steadily increased the budgetary allocation for education. However, 35 percent of our adult population is yet to achieve literacy. The expenditure on education as a percentage of our Gross Domestic Product has a direct impact on our literacy. Today our expenditure on education in India is little more than 4 per cent of our GDP. If we have to achieve nearly 100 per cent literacy, it is necessary to increase expenditure on education to about 6 to 7 per cent of GDP. This 2 to 3 per cent increase has to be sustained only for a few years. Thereafter, a lower percentage of GDP allocation to education will be adequate to sustain the high degree of literacy in this country for all time to come. Reducing Dropouts: It is reported that 39 per cent of children, drop out from school after studying 5th Class and 55 per cent drop out after studying up to 8th Class. The Right to Education Bill for children between the age group of 5 and 14 years. But, an Act alone cannot achieve the goal, unless education is delivered in a manner, which will take into account the socio-ecnomic reality and perception of the people to whom it is addressed. Apart from attracting children to schools, the education system should be able to provide nourishment and inject creativity among them. The aim of the education system should also be to build character, human values, enhance learning capacity through technology and build confidence among children to face the future.

APJ ABDUL KALAM CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS INDIA Dr. Kalam made significant contribution as Project Director to develop India's first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully injected the Rohini satellite in the near earth orbit in July 1980 and made India an exclusive member of Space Club. He was responsible for the development and operationalisation of AGNI and PRITHVI Missiles and for building indigenous capability in critical technologies. He led to the weaponisation of strategic missile systems and the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in collaboration with Department of Atomic Energy, which made India a nuclear Weapon State. He also gave thrust to self-reliance in defence systems by progressing multiple development tasks and mission projects such as Light Combat Aircraft.MANAGEMENT LESSONS FROM APJ ABDUL KALAM1.Be PreparedLife does not always follow the path we have set for it. Sometimes, it takes its own course and makes us follow it instead. And when that happens an emergency, as some would term it, we better be prepared. At least have the presence of mind to know what is the best course of action suited to that particular situation.The fanatic emphasis on Plan B that professionals talk about is not a cowards fall-back system.It serves a purpose, a purpose that a strategist has envisioned and plannedbeforethe need for an alternate solution surfaces.After the initial tweak of schedule, everything went as planned. Dr. Kalam formally addressed the audience, spoke about inspiring leadership and upheld his mentor, Prof. Satish Dhawan, the Chairman of ISRO, as a stellar leader.2.Leaders Acknowledge ContributionProf. Dhawan was the Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization when IndiasRohinisatellite was to be launched into orbit. Dr. Kalam, then a scientist, was the Project Director for the launch. Despite the best research and technical expertise, the whole rocket system plunged into the Bay of Bengal instead of the satellite going into orbit. In the press conference that followed the disastrous launch, Prof. Dhawan faced the media, took the blame of the failure on himself and assured the world that by next year his team would definitely succeed.3.Go With The FlowDr. Kalam knew the effect he had on the masses, especially the youth. With a leaders vision he knew how eager the audience was to talk to him, hear him, and be inspired by him. He went beyond what was chalked in his schedule and made an exception for all present that day. He let them touch his hand and in return, touched their lives. He gauged the situation, sensed the unspoken dreams and went with the flow. And because he did that, everybody present in that auditorium that day emerged a different person- more inspired, more ready to face the world, more willing to make a difference.So potent was my first meeting withDr.Kalam that it became the backdrop of my debut novella,Loves Labor, ten years later. After the book was published, I wanted to present him with a copy and requested an audience with him.Dr.Kalam obliged. There was more learning in store. The first thing I noticed about the former Prez was how he had kept himself up at his age. The mental alacrity, more than the physical, is what caught my attention.4.Keep FitSuccessful people realize the importance of a healthy body and a healthy mind. They know that the two are inextricably inter-linked and imperative for their smooth functioning. They follow a strict regimen of healthy habits which include right eating, adherence to meal times, a holistic exercise plan that suits one s age and a mind full of positivity. It is established that the first three invariably impact the fourth.At eighty plus, when most resign from life and suffer from purposelessness and isolation, Dr. Kalam has launched his mission for the youth of the nation called theWhat Can I Give Movementwith a central theme to defeat corruption. He writes Tamil poetry, plays theveena, and continues doing what he had set forth after his Presidential tenure sharing his experiences with the youth, helping them to ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for a developed India for which the road map is already available.He exemplifies what others aspire for, he looks to the future with hope.5.Have A VisionThis is that single most potent factor that drives our civilization. Having a vision, nurturing it, waiting for its fruition, reaping its rewards all give meaning to life.The human spirit collapses not when it is deprived of food but when it is denied a dream. People with purpose move far ahead in life than those with none. The auto-pilot mode that works well for an aircraft is fatal for a human. The youthful lament of getting bored or the elderly refrain that all responsibilities are over and theres nothing else left, does not bode well for a nation that still has a long way to go.

THOUGHTS OF APJ ABDUL KALAM1. You may never know what results come of your actions, but if you do nothing, there will be no results.2. Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever3. An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind.4. You should be the change that you want to see in the world.5. Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.6. The best way to find you is to lose yourself in the service of others7. I suppose leadership at one time meant muscles; but today it means getting along with people.8. Freedom is not worth having if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes.9. The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be measured by the way in which its animals are treated.10. Nobody can hurt me without my permission.11. You can't shake hands with a clenched fist.

12. Strength does not come from physical capacity. It comes from an indomitable will.13. Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.14. I have so much to accomplish today that I must meditate for two hours instead of one.15. First they ignore you, then they ridicule you, then they fight you, and then you win.16. A 'no' uttered from the deepest conviction is better than a 'yes' merely uttered to please, or worse, to avoid trouble.17. The more efficient a force is, the more silent and the more subtle it is.18. The greatness of humanity is not in being human, but in being humane.

Books Written by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Wings of fire Mere sapno ka Bharat India 2020 Agni ki Udan Spirit of India Broom Groom

MAHATMA GANDHI BIOGRAPHYMohandas Karamchand Gandhiwas born on 2 October 1869inPorbandar, a coastal town on theKathiawar Peninsulaand then part of the smallprincely stateof Porbandar in theKathiawar Agencyof theBritish Indian Empire. His father, Karamchand Gandhi (18221885), served as thediwan(chief minister) of Porbander state. His mother, Putlibai, who was from aPranamiVaishnavafamily,was Karamchand's fourth wife, the first three wives having apparently died in childbirth. The Indian classics, especially the stories ofShravanaand kingHarishchandra, had a great impact on Gandhi in his childhood. In his autobiography, he admits that they left an indelible impression on his mind. He writes: "It haunted me and I must have acted Harishchandra to myself times without number." Gandhi's early self-identification with truth and love as supreme values is traceable to these epic characters. In May 1883, the 13-year-old Mohandas was married to 14-year-oldKasturbaiMakhanjiin anarrangedchild marriage, according to the custom of the region. In the process, he lost a year at school. Recalling the day of their marriage, he once said, "As we didn't know much about marriage, for us it meant only wearing new clothes, eating sweets and playing with relatives." However, as was prevailing tradition, the adolescent bride was to spend much time at her parents' house, and away from her husband.In 1885, when Gandhi was 15, the couple's first child was born, but survived only a few days. Gandhi's father, Karamchand Gandhi, had also died earlier that year.The religious background was eclectic. Gandhi's father wasHinduModhBaniyaand his mother was from Pranami Vaishnava family. Religious figures were frequent visitors to the home. Mohandas and Kasturba had four more children, all sons:Harilal, born in 1888;Manilal, born in 1892;Ramdas, born in 1897; andDevdas, born in 1900.At his middle school in Porbandar and high school inRajkot, Gandhi remained a mediocre student. He shone neither in the classroom nor on the playing field. One of the terminal reports rated him as "good at English, fair in Arithmetic and weak in Geography; conduct very good, bad handwriting." He passed thematriculation examat Samaldas College inBhavnagar, Gujarat, with some difficulty.

BOOKS WRITTEN BY MAHATMA GANDHI Autobiography: my experiments with truth Character and nation building Non- Violence resistance All Men are Brothers The way to god Satyagraha in South Africa Hind Swaraj etc.GANDHIJIS CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONALIST MOVEMENTThe nationalist movement grew into a wide spread mass anti-imperialist movement at the end of the First World War. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi came into prominence at this time and became the undisputed leader of the nationalist movement. Powerful mass movements were launched under his leadership. These involved defiance of laws, peaceful demonstrations, boycott of educational institutions, boycott of courts, boycott of educational institutions, picketing of shops selling liquor and foreign goods, non-payment of taxes and the closing of vital business. These non-violent but revolutionary methods influenced millions of people belonging to all sections of society and infused in them bravery and self-confidence. Millions now braved the repression resorted by the govt boldly courted imprisonment and faced lathicharges and firings. Gandhiji lived the simple life of an ascetic and talked to the people in a language they could understand. He came to be known to the people as Mahatma Gandhi.

Gandhiji made social report a part of the programme of the nationalist movement. His greatest achievement in the field of social reform was the campaign against inhuman institution of untouchability which had degraded millions of Indians. His other achievement was in the field of cottage industries. He saw in the charkha, the spinning wheel, the salvation of the village people and its promotion became part of the congress programme.In addition to infusing people with the spirit of nationalism it provided employment to millions and created a large group of people who were ready to throw themselves into the struggle and court imprisonment. The charkha became so important that it eventually became a part of the flag of the Indian National Congress.MAHATMA GANDHI'S CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION:Gandhiji's model wasnot only holistic and practical, it was highly decentralized and integrated, with a demonstrated capacity to motivate the entire community and place responsibility and accountability at the community level versus the State. To highlight just a fewof his contributions.An Investment in Human Capital :On economic, political and military grounds, India was of first rate importance to the British and education was the instrument by which they sought to maintain and strengthen their domination by experimenting with a unique model of educating an elite through a foreign language.It was Gandhiji, who in 1937 first recognized the interconnectedness of the eight curricular forces and questioned the futility of the British education system. Based on his wisdom and successful experiments with education in South Africa, he put forth a Basic Education Plan which had the merit of achieving one aim of peace and freedom, for which all mankind yearns today.Also, recognizing the futility of a centralized plan and control in implementing programmes, he also outlined a comprehensive but decentralized model to be implemented by the village Republics. Thevital objective of his model was to develop productive and social skills among the masses.

MANAGEMENT LESSONS FROM MAHATMA GANDHI1. Walk the talkMahatma Gandhi preached the concept of simple living and high thinking, although he came from an affluent Indian family. He came up with various austere living standards and requested his followers to adopt them. His kept his life open to public scrutiny. People may debate regarding his personal choices but no one would raise questions on his ethics and integrity. Irrespective of the difficulty involved, he always was able to take the high moral ground and never compromised on his personal values.In the present corporate world we respect the leaders who are able to walk the talk, demonstrate ethical and principled behavior, and lead by example.2. Think out of the boxThe strategy and tactics adopted during the Indian independence struggle were unlike any other countrys revolution. Some of the concepts were: Non-violence A war fought on the basis of principles without any bloodshed. Civil disobedience- Court arrest if the British officials are threatening imprisonment for demanding your rights. Non-cooperation-The message given was maintainyour jobs with the British empire, however do not support it regarding its practices against Indian people.Managements today are advocating out of the box thinking and competing strategically. The organization which implements a unique strategy generally wins the market.3. Brand buildingMahatma Gandhis personal brand has lasted 60 years after his death without any investment. He created a brand of a simple moral man living life on the principle of Ahimsa (non-violence). His home spun cotton clothes, wooden shaft, leather slippers, vegetarian meals and home at the ashram all embodied his personal brand. His character and communication depicted his core values to the masses. The corporate world is spending huge sums on advertising to build the corporate brand. We hear Tom Peters and other management gurus talking about building the Brand You. The focus now is on developing a personal brand.4. Competitors size doesnt matterThe Indian freedom struggle gained groundwith the idea of a few committed individualswho wished to bring about a change. They envisaged taking on the might of British Empire which had the resources, funds, weapons and management capability. The Indian leadership team acknowledged the strengths of the British Empire and devised a strategy which minimized those strengths. They built a strategy on the following: Non-violence which required no weapons; Asked masses to contribute for the independence and live frugally, hence survived on minimal resources; Developed local leadership across all regions under Congress banner.Using a similar strategy, Barrack Obama won the American presidential elections when he had no funds and support. Recently corporate world has witnessedsmall IT companies (e.g. hotmail) developing into big names just by pioneering a unique product and leveraging the market properly.5. Build dream teamsIndian Congress Party besides Gandhi had a number of other accomplished leaders. Namely,C. Rajagopalachari, Jawaharlal Nehru, VallabhbhaiPatel, SubhashChandra Bose and others. These leaders all had different personalities and ideologies, however worked for a common cause. Gandhi and Nehru complimented each other tremendously and mostly operated as two in a box. Senior leaders acted as mentors for the younger generation. The party had leaders at grass root level, and people were encouraged to develop leadership traits.Business world is focusing on building dream teams with leadership at all levels. The Human Resource Departments are focused on concepts of two in a box, alternate leaders, chief mentors and succession planning.6. Engage and empower peopleMahatma Gandhi in his speech on the eve of DandiMarch said -Wherever there are local leaders, their orders should beobeyed by the people. Where there are no leaders and only a handful of men have faith in the programme, they may do what they can, if they have enough self-confidence. He encouraged common manto show leadership and commitment under the overall umbrella of Congress. He united the people by specifying the mission, vision and code of conduct of Congress. The masses were committed to the cause and in all his symbolic protests he involved people participation.

THOUGHTS OF MAHATMA GANDHI1. Strength does not come from physical capacity. It comes from an indomitable will.2. Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.3. I have so much to accomplish today that I must meditate for two hours instead of one.4. First they ignore you, then they ridicule you, then they fight you, and then you win.5. A 'no' uttered from the deepest conviction is better than a 'yes' merely uttered to please, or worse, to avoid trouble.6. You may never know what results come of your actions, but if you do nothing, there will be no results.7. Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever8. An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind.9. You should be the change that you want to see in the world.10. Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.11. The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others12. I suppose leadership at one time meant muscles; but today it means getting along with people.13. Freedom is not worth having if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes.14. The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be measured by the way in which its animals are treated.15. Nobody can hurt me without my permission.16. You can't shake hands with a clenched fist.17. The more efficient a force is, the more silent and the more subtle it is.

DR. B. R. AMBEDKAR BIOGRAPHYBhimrao Ambedkar was born to BhimabaiSakpal and Ramji on 14 April 1891 in Madhya Pradesh. He was the fourteenth child of his parents. Ambedkar;s father was a Subedar in the Indian Army and posted at Mhow cantonment, MP. After the retirement of his father in 1894, the family moved to satara. Shortly after, his mother passed away. Four years later, his father remarried and the family shifted to Bombay, where he cleared his matriculation in 1908. His father BhimabaiSakpal died in Bombay, in 1912.Ambedkar was a victim of caste discrimination. His parents hailed from the Hindu Mahar caste, which was viewed as "untouchable" by the upper class. Due to this, Ambedkar had to face severe discriminations from every corner of the society. a The discrimination and humiliation haunted Ambedkar even at the Army school, run by British government. Fearing social outcry, the teachers would segregate the students of lower class from that of Brahmins and other upper classes. The untouchable students were often asked by the teacher to sit outside the class. After shifting to Satara, he was admitted to a local school but the change of school did not change the fate of young Bhimrao. Discrimination followed wherever he went. In 1908, Ambedkar got the opportunity to study at the Elphinstone College. Besides clearing all the exams successfully Ambedkar also obtained a scholarship of twenty five rupees a month from the Gayakwad ruler of Baroda, Sahyaji Rao III. Political Science and Economics were the subjects in which he graduated from the Bombay University in 1912. Ambedkar decided to use the money for higher studies in the USA. After coming back from the US, Ambedkar was appointed as the Defence secretary to the King of Baroda. Even, there also he had to face the humiliation for being an 'Untouchable'. With the help of the former Bombay Governor Lord Sydenham, Ambedkar obtained the job as a professor of political economy at the Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics in Bombay. In order to continue his further studies, in 1920 he went to England at his own expenses.

FOLLOWING LIST OF BOOKS WHICH WRITTEN BY BABASAHEB. Administration and finance of the east india company Ancient Indian Commerce Annihilation Of Caste Buddha Or Karl Marx Buddha And His Dhamma Castes In India Evidence Brfore The Royal Comission On Indian Currency And Finance Federation versus Freedom Frustration India and The Pre-requisites of Communism India on the eve of the crown government Lectures on the English Constitution Maharashtra as a Linguistic Province Manu and the Shudras Mr. Russell And The Reconstruction of Society Mr. Gandhi And The Emancipation Of The Untouchables Need for Checks and Balances Notes on Acts and Laws Notes on History of India Notes on Parliamentary Procedure Pakistan or the Partition of IndiaDR. B. R. AMBEDKAR CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS TO INDIAN SOCIETYB. R Ambedkar's role and contribution to the making of the Indian Consitution is certainly of the most significant level-- on 15th August 1947, when India achieved its independence, Nehruji made Ambedkar as his first Law Minister, in recognition of his legal prowess; and also, in fact, made him the Chairman of the Indian Constitution Drafting Committee: a singular honour, and of course, his first/primary important 'contribution' to this document i.e. its actual writing/drafting and structuring, which is no small thing, as it is Ambedkarji's words that roll off so decorously when we read the document.As writer/drafter/framer and 'prime mover' of the new Indian Constitution, Ambedkar also had a central role in guiding his committee towards the sort of socialistic, idealistic vision that he had, and that to some extent he also shared with Nehru ji. According to Granville Austin, this document thus was first and foremost, a 'social document' i.e. one which identified many of the basic problems besetting and needing to be addressed, for the amelioration of the masses-- and in this regard it is worthwhile noting down pointwise some of Ambedkar's main, personal contributions, depending upon his own expertise and interests/concerns:1. Guarantees of basic civil liberties to Indian citizens 2. Abolition of all forms of discrimination of caste and creed, freedom of religion and abolition of 'untouchability' in principle at least-- something very peronal for him, coming as he did from untouchable origins. 3. Equal rights under law to Indian women, and full social and economic freedom/s to them, too. 4. Various job quotas guarantees for scheduled castes and tribes and minorities in India, to ensure fairplay and some modicum of 'removal' of social inequalities for remote and underpriviliged communities. These were no small achievements personally, and along with their adoption, the whole of the Indian Constitution was thereafter formally passed by Parliament (Constituent Assembly) on 26th November 1949. THOUGHTS OF DR. B. R. AMBEDKAREducational thoughts of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Student should pursue their studies very sincerely. You have done a good thing that you came to see me before leaving Delhi. I do not want victory at the cost of my students. You should return the ticket and do not come to Bombay for canvassing. You are conducting research for Ph. D. in Agriculture, which is very important subject. I wish, you should concentrate on your research. For your information, I tell you that, we have made good provisions in constitution for encouraging agricultural developments. We must now entirely give up the idea that parents give birth janma to the child and not destiny karma. They can mould the destiny of the children and if we but follow this principle, be sure that we shall soon see better days and our progress will be greatly accelerated if mail education is persuaded side by side with the female education the fruits of which you can very well see verified in your own daughter. Let your mission therefore be to educate and preach the idea of education to those at least who are near to and in close contact with you. Education is something, which ought to be brought within the reach of everyone. The policy of the department therefore, ought to be to make higher education as cheap to the lower classes as it can possible be made.

Economical thoughts of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Up to 1833 the Company, by means fair or foul, managed to win over the English statesmen to continue her monopoly. But in that year the cry against hr monopoly had gone so loud that both the Company and the Ministers had to give in and the East India trade was thrown open to all the English public. Mutiny or no mutiny, the British statesmen were impatient to have direct control over the leaves and the fishes that came but indirectly from their rule in India by a process of disgorging a corporation which directly fed them on beef fat. It went as a continuous tribute to England to pay dividends to the Companys share holders; and as the flow of the money from India was not sufficient to pay the dividends, there was an increasing debt called the Public Debt of India. It is likely to be a matter of surprise when one sees the smallness of the Indian Home Bond Debt as compared with the Indian Debt. But the surprise will no longer exist when we know that the capacity of the East India Company to borrow in England was strictly limited by Parliamentary Regulations. The Parliament was ever eager to obtain the advantages of the rule of the company without its disadvantages Companys raising the loans beyond a certain limit lest the Company lose its hold upon India and bring ruin on England by jeopardizing English capital. The Land Tax levied by the British Government is not only excessive, but, what is worse, it is fluctuating and uncertain in many provinces. It is true that the British Government only followed the precedent of the previous Mohammedan rulers who also claimed an enormous Land Tax. But the difference was this, which what the Mohammedan rulers claimed they could never fully realize: what the British rulers claimed they realized with vigor. The company though legally extinct continues to live for all practical purposes and enjoys her dividends even to this day in the shape of interest paid out of Indian revenues. The astounding result of this policy was gains to England and costs to India.