Changes Today for Changes Today for a Healthy a Healthy TomorrowTomorrow

Improving Food Nutrition in our SchoolsImproving Food Nutrition in our Schools

Tanya D. Clayton, Master of Public Health Tanya D. Clayton, Master of Public Health StudentStudent

Walden UniversityWalden UniversityPH 6165-1: Aspects of Environmental Health: PH 6165-1: Aspects of Environmental Health:

Local to Global Local to Global Instructor: Dr. Rebecca HeickInstructor: Dr. Rebecca Heick

Term 1, 2010Term 1, 2010

AudienceAudience

• School Board Members.School Board Members.• School Administration.School Administration.• Government Officials: County, State Government Officials: County, State

and Federal.and Federal.• Parents.Parents.• Health Care Providers.Health Care Providers.• Food Service Providers.Food Service Providers.

Learning Objectives Learning Objectives

• Prevalence.Prevalence.• Contributing Factors.Contributing Factors.• Impact on Public Health.Impact on Public Health.• Research Findings.Research Findings.• Current Efforts.Current Efforts.• Challenges.Challenges.• Solutions.Solutions.

Obesity Prevalence. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved January 15, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/prevalence.html

Prevalence of Obesity Among U.S. Prevalence of Obesity Among U.S. Children (aged 2-19 Years)Children (aged 2-19 Years)

0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

18.00%

1976-1980 1988-1994 2003-2006

Aged 2-5 Years

Aged 6-11 Years

Aged 12-19 Years

Maryland Obesity Statistics: http://fha.maryland.gov/cdp/co_data.cfm

Prevalence of Obesity Among Prevalence of Obesity Among Children in Maryland (aged 2-19 Children in Maryland (aged 2-19

Years)Years)

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

1980 2003-2004

Aged 2-5 Years

Aged 6-11 Years

Aged 12-19 Years

Prevalence of Obesity Among Prevalence of Obesity Among Children in Maryland (aged 13-18 Children in Maryland (aged 13-18

Years), 2006Years), 2006

Causes of Childhood Causes of Childhood ObesityObesity

Contributing Factors

Genetic Behavioral Environmental

Impact of Childhood Impact of Childhood ObesityObesity

Adult Obesity

Hepatic Steatosis

Sleep Apnea Asthma

Type 2 Diabetes

CardiovascularRisks

Psychosocial Risks

ChildhoodObesity

Research FindingsResearch Findings• In public school children in the U.S., 80% had In public school children in the U.S., 80% had

excessive intakes of saturated fat and 92% had excessive intakes of saturated fat and 92% had excessive intakes of sodium from school lunches excessive intakes of sodium from school lunches ((Clark Clark & & Fox,Fox, 2009). 2009).

• Commercially pre-prepared entrées and Commercially pre-prepared entrées and meat/meat alternates account for more than 40% meat/meat alternates account for more than 40% of fat and sodium (of fat and sodium (Clark Clark && Fox, Fox, 2009). 2009).

• The School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study The School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study (SNDA-III) found that fat and saturated fat content (SNDA-III) found that fat and saturated fat content of school lunches were high when compared to of school lunches were high when compared to current dietary standards (current dietary standards (Clark Clark && Fox, Fox, 2009). 2009).

Clark, M.A., Fox, M.K. 2009. Nutritional Quality of the Diets of US Public School Children Clark, M.A., Fox, M.K. 2009. Nutritional Quality of the Diets of US Public School Children and the Role of the School Meal Programs. and the Role of the School Meal Programs. Journal of Journal of the American Dietetic the American Dietetic

AssociationAssociation, 109 (Suppl.1), S54-56., 109 (Suppl.1), S54-56.

Research FindingsResearch Findingscontinuedcontinued

• Research in 2004-2005 indicated that over 40% of children Research in 2004-2005 indicated that over 40% of children consumed foods that were dense and low in nutrients, consumed foods that were dense and low in nutrients, provided by the school cafeteria (Fox, Gordon, Nogales, provided by the school cafeteria (Fox, Gordon, Nogales, && Wilson, Wilson, 2009).2009).

• Association established among elementary school children Association established among elementary school children who consume subsidized school meals with increased Body who consume subsidized school meals with increased Body Mass Index (BMI) (Mass Index (BMI) (Fox, Dodd, Wilson, Fox, Dodd, Wilson, && Gleason, 2009). Gleason, 2009).

• Association established among middle school children and the Association established among middle school children and the availability of vending machines with increased BMI (availability of vending machines with increased BMI (Fox et Fox et al., 2009).al., 2009).

Fox, M.K., Gordon, A.,Nogales, R., Wilson, A. 2009. Availability and Consumption of Competitive Foods Fox, M.K., Gordon, A.,Nogales, R., Wilson, A. 2009. Availability and Consumption of Competitive Foods in US Public Schools. in US Public Schools. Journal of the American Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(Suppl.1),S57-66.Dietetic Association, 109(Suppl.1),S57-66. Fox, M.K., Dodd, A.H., Wilson, A., Gleason, P. 2009.Fox, M.K., Dodd, A.H., Wilson, A., Gleason, P. 2009. Association between Schools Food Environment Association between Schools Food Environment and Practices and Body Mass Index of US Public School Children. and Practices and Body Mass Index of US Public School Children. Journal of the American Dietetic Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(Suppl.1),S57-66.Association, 109(Suppl.1),S57-66.

Current EffortsCurrent Efforts

• Nutrition and Physical Activity/Obesity Nutrition and Physical Activity/Obesity Prevention Program (NPAO).Prevention Program (NPAO).

• Maryland Fruit and Vegetable Maryland Fruit and Vegetable Nutrition Education Program. Nutrition Education Program.

• Healthy Schools Program Champion Healthy Schools Program Champion Award.Award.

• HEROES.HEROES.• SCOPE.SCOPE.

Available Resources Not Available Resources Not Fully UtilizedFully Utilized

• Preventive Health and Health Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant (PHHS Block Services Block Grant (PHHS Block Grant).Grant).

• Maryland Fruit and Vegetable Maryland Fruit and Vegetable Nutrition Education Program.Nutrition Education Program.

ChallengesChallenges

•Buy-In, Buy-In, Buy-In!•Vending machines. •Best for less. •Generate revenue.•Gardening and preparing opportunities.

SolutionsSolutions

• Healthy choices education.Healthy choices education.• Parent and student participation.Parent and student participation.• Partnerships and campaign organization.Partnerships and campaign organization.• Taste Testing.Taste Testing.• Funding.Funding.

Resources Resources

• Citizens for Healthy Options in Children’s Education (CHOICE). Citizens for Healthy Options in Children’s Education (CHOICE). http://www.choiceusa.net/index/htmhttp://www.choiceusa.net/index/htm

• Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention. Division of Nutrition, Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention. Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity.Physical Activity and Obesity.http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/

• New York Coalition for Healthy School LunchesNew York Coalition for Healthy School Luncheshttp://www.healthylunches.orghttp://www.healthylunches.org

• Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Guide to Health School Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Guide to Health School Meals for Grades K-12.Meals for Grades K-12.http://http://www.pcrm.orgwww.pcrm.org//

• Prince Georges County School Health Council.Prince Georges County School Health Council.http://www1.pgcps.org/schoolhealthcouncil/index.aspx?id=55090http://www1.pgcps.org/schoolhealthcouncil/index.aspx?id=55090

Healthy ResultsHealthy Results

ReferencesReferences• 2009 State of the School System Address. (2009, October). 2009 State of the School System Address. (2009, October).

Prince Georges Prince Georges County Public Schools. Retrieved January County Public Schools. Retrieved January 15, 2010 from 15, 2010 from www.pgcps.orgwww.pgcps.org

• Citizens for Healthy Options in Children’s Education (CHOICE). Citizens for Healthy Options in Children’s Education (CHOICE). RetrievedJanuary 15, 2010, from RetrievedJanuary 15, 2010, from

http://www.choiceusa.net/EC_overview.htmlhttp://www.choiceusa.net/EC_overview.html• Clark, M.A., Fox, M.K. (2009). Nutritional Quality of the Diets of Clark, M.A., Fox, M.K. (2009). Nutritional Quality of the Diets of

US Public US Public School Children and the Role of the School Meal School Children and the Role of the School Meal Programs. Programs. Journal of the Journal of the American Dietetic AssocationAmerican Dietetic Assocation, , 109(Suppl.1), S54-56.109(Suppl.1), S54-56.

• Fox, M.K., Gordon, A.,Nogales, R., Wilson, A. (2009). Availability Fox, M.K., Gordon, A.,Nogales, R., Wilson, A. (2009). Availability and and Consumption of Competitive Foods in US Public Schools. Consumption of Competitive Foods in US Public Schools. Journal of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association. American Dietetic Association. 109(Suppl.1),S57-66.109(Suppl.1),S57-66.

• Fox, M.K., Dodd, A.H., Wilson, A., Gleason, P. (2009).Fox, M.K., Dodd, A.H., Wilson, A., Gleason, P. (2009). Association between Association between Schools Food Environment and Practices Schools Food Environment and Practices and Body Mass Index of US Public and Body Mass Index of US Public School Children. Journal of School Children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(Suppl. 1), the American Dietetic Association, 109(Suppl. 1), S108-S108-117.117.

References ContinuedReferences Continued• Guide to Healthy School Meals for Grades K-12. Guide to Healthy School Meals for Grades K-12. Physicians Physicians

Committee for Committee for Responsible MedicineResponsible Medicine. Retrieved January . Retrieved January 15, 2010 from www.pcrm.org15, 2010 from www.pcrm.org

• Health Areas Funded by PHHS Block Grant, Maryland FY2008. Health Areas Funded by PHHS Block Grant, Maryland FY2008. Preventive Preventive Health Services Block Grant. Centers for Disease Health Services Block Grant. Centers for Disease Control and Control and Prevention. Retrieved January 15, 2010 from Prevention. Retrieved January 15, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/blockgrant/pdf/ReportFY2008.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/blockgrant/pdf/ReportFY2008.pdf

• Maryland Fruit and Vegetable Nutrition Education Program. Maryland Fruit and Vegetable Nutrition Education Program. Retrieved Retrieved January 15, 2010 from January 15, 2010 from http://http://www.marylandpublicschools.org/MSDE/programs/schoolnutritwww.marylandpublicschools.org/MSDE/programs/schoolnutrition/ion/nutr_prog/FFVP.htmnutr_prog/FFVP.htm

• Maryland Obesity Data. Retrieved January 15, 2010 from Maryland Obesity Data. Retrieved January 15, 2010 from http://fha.maryland.gov/cdp/co_data.cfmhttp://fha.maryland.gov/cdp/co_data.cfm

• National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Centers for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved January 15, 2010 from January 15, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/chilhood/prevalence.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/obesity/chilhood/prevalence.html

References ContinuedReferences Continued

• Nutrition and Physical Activity/Obesity Prevention Program. Maryland Healthy Nutrition and Physical Activity/Obesity Prevention Program. Maryland Healthy Eating Eating and Active Lifestyle Coalition, Inc. 2009. Retrieved January 15, 2010 and Active Lifestyle Coalition, Inc. 2009. Retrieved January 15, 2010 from from http://healthyactivemaryland.org/mdplan.htmlhttp://healthyactivemaryland.org/mdplan.html

• Obesity Contributing Factors. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Obesity Contributing Factors. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved Retrieved January January 15, 2010 from 15, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/causes.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/causes.html

• Obestiy Consequences. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved Obestiy Consequences. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved January January 15, 2010 15, 2010 from from http://http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/consequences.htmlwww.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/consequences.html

• Obesity Prevalence. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved Obesity Prevalence. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved January 15, January 15, 2010 2010 from from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/prevalence.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/prevalence.html

• Obesity Threatens to Cut U.S. Life Expectancy, New Analysis Suggests.(2005, Obesity Threatens to Cut U.S. Life Expectancy, New Analysis Suggests.(2005, March 16). March 16). National Institute of Health. Retrieved January 30, 2010 from National Institute of Health. Retrieved January 30, 2010 from

http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/mar2005/nia-16.htmhttp://www.nih.gov/news/pr/mar2005/nia-16.htm• School Health Council Meeting. November 2009 Meeting Minutes. Retrieved School Health Council Meeting. November 2009 Meeting Minutes. Retrieved

January January 15, 2010 15, 2010 from from http://www1.pgcps.org/schoolhealthcouncil/index.aspx?id=55096http://www1.pgcps.org/schoolhealthcouncil/index.aspx?id=55096

• Tillman, Z. (2010). Recipe for Success: Surrattsville Students Learn Healthy Tillman, Z. (2010). Recipe for Success: Surrattsville Students Learn Healthy Cooking. Cooking. GazetteGazette. . Retrieved January 15, 2010 from Retrieved January 15, 2010 from http://www.gazette.net/stories/01212010/uppenew181516_32552.phphttp://www.gazette.net/stories/01212010/uppenew181516_32552.php