8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

1/21

Jkw bpblmgat cep \pbjt~bdmc md Deiib`epb|mej 202

DOBJGMJG L]JBAMDT EC \OK JEP\O FEPKBJT]T\KA

^bmf Obfteej (

DEJ\KJ\T

M* Mj|pel{d|mej

MM* Ce{p Dpm|mdbi Doemdkt8 Akk|mjg |ok Dobiikjgkt ec |ok \makt

MMM* Dobjgmjg ^bp|}!T|b|k!Amim|bp} Bppbjgkakj|t mj Jep|o Fepkb

MS* Jb|mejbi Tkd{pm|} bjl Kdejeamd Lkskie~akj| mj Imgo| ec

Jep|o Fepkb[*T* Pkib|mejt

S* Jkw \omjfmjg

SM* ^pet~kd|t bjl Ma~imdb|mejt

( ^bmf Obfteej mt d{ppkj|i} |ok Lmpkd|ep ec |ok Mj|kp!Fepkbj Pkib|mejt T|{lmkt

^pegpba bjl |ok Lmpkd|ep ec |ok Dkj|kp cep Jep|o Fepkbj T|{lmkt b| |ok Tkhejg Mjt|m|{|k mj Te{|o Fepkb* Lp* ^bmf mt bite b ~eimd} blsmtkp |e Te{|o Fepkbt

Amjmt|p} ec [jmcmdb|mej bjl okblt |ok amjmt|p}t ^eimd} Ksbi{b|mej Deaam||kk*

Tkskpbi mlkbt bjl bpg{akj|t ~pktkj|kl mj |omt ~b~kp cmpt| b~~kbpkl mj kbpimkp

wepft /^bmf 2==;6 2==?6 0>>26 0>>46 0>>>>;- bjl bpk ~pktkj|kl

okpk mj t{`t|bj|mbii} |ok tbak cepa*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

2/21

20 0 [*T*Fepkb Bdblkamd T}a~etm{a

M* Mj|pel{d|mej

Jep|o Fepkb obt pkdkj|i} toewj tmgjt ec pb~~pedokakj| wm|o |ok e{|tmlk wepil `}

bgpkkmjg |e |ok lkj{dikbpmb|mej ec |ok Fepkbj ~kjmjt{ib b| |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift* \okdobjgmjg l}jbamdt ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka dbj `k kx~ibmjkl `} dobjgkt mj |ok

mj|kp~ib} baejg mj|kpbd|mjg fk} bd|ept mj Jep|o Fepkb bjl |ok t|p{d|{pk mj womdo |ok

fk} bd|ept bpk bppbjgkl ep ~etm|mejkl* \ok t|p{d|{pk lkcmjkl `} |ok bppbjgkakj| ec

m|t bd|ept de{il `k kx~ibmjkl `} |ok p{ikt bjl pkte{pdkt* Bjl |ok t|p{d|{pk de{il `k

lmsmlkl mj|e |we fmjlt8 leakt|md bjl kx|kpjbi /Wbi| 2=7=) dob~|kpt 4 bjl ;-*

Ejk tbimkj| dobpbd|kpmt|md ec |ok dobjgmjg l}jbamdt ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka mt

|ob| |ok dobiikjgkt ec |ok |makt obsk kxkp|kl b lkdmtmsk mjci{kjdk ej |ok dobjgmjg

l}jbamdt ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka) ~bp|md{ibpi} tmjdk |ok deiib~tk ec |ok Tesmk|

[jmej bjl |ok Kbt| K{pe~kbj tedmbimt| t|b|kt bjl |ok {jmcmdb|mej ec Gkpabj}* Cep |ok

t|pkjg|okjmjg ec jb|mejbi tkd{pm|} bjl |ok bdomkskakj| ec kdejeamd lkskie~akj| mjbj kccep| |e akk| |ok dobiikjgkt ec |ok |makt) |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka obt obl |e

bddeaaelb|k dobjgkt mj |ok bppbjgkakj| ec |ok fk} bd|ept mj |kpat ec ~ewkp) eccmdmbi

mlkeiegmkt) bjl ~eimd} doemdkt) womdo obt pe{go| b`e{| |ok l}jbamdt ec dobjgk mj |ok

t}t|ka m|tkic* \ok dobjgkt mj |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka bjl t|p{d|{pk obsk ~pel{dkl

dobjgkt mj |ok fk} bd|ept kobsmept bjl ~kpcepabjdkt kdb{tk |ok t}t|ka ep t}t|kamd

kcckd|t obsk dejt|pbmjkl |ok bd|ept*

L{pmjg |ok ~bt| 2; }kbpt ep te) |ok Jep|o Fepkbj ikblkptom~ obt ablk ce{p dpm|mdbi

doemdkt |e akk| |ok dobiikjgkt ec |ok |makt) doemdkt |ob| pkskbi |ok dobjgmjg l}jbamdt

ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka* M wmii cmpt| pksmkw Jep|o Fepkbt ce{p dpm|mdbi doemdkt mj

eplkp |e ~pesmlk bj eskpsmkw bjl mlkj|mc} di{kt |e |ok dobjgmjg l}jbamdt ec |ok Jep|oFepkbj t}t|ka* Bc|kp |omt) M wmii lkbi wm|o |ok dobjgmjg bppbjgkakj|t baejg |ok

~bp|}) |ok t|b|k) bjl |ok amim|bp} mj eplkp |e mlkj|mc} womdo bd|ept ~ib}kl wob| fk}

peikt mj akk|mjg wob| dobiikjgkt ec |ok |makt) ~bp|md{ibpi} jb|mejbi tkd{pm|}) t}t|ka

tkd{pm|}) bjl kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj|*2 \omt wmii ikbl |e b lmtd{ttmej ec

Jep|o Fepkbt kccep| |e bdomksk tkd{pm|} bjl kdejeamd pkcepa bjl mlkj|mc} Jep|o

Fepkbt dobjgmjg ~eimd} ~pmepm|mkt bt m| obt |pmkl |e akk| |ok dobiikjgkt ec |ok |makt*

Cmjbii}) |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka |elb}) womdo mt |ok ~pel{d| ec bii ec |ok b`esk

l}jbamdt) wmii `k lktdpm`kl bt eskpieblkl bjl tkd{ibpmkl6 bjl |ok ~pet~kd|t cep

|ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka bjl m|t ma~imdb|mejt wmii `k lmtd{ttkl*

2* \ok fk} bd|ept mj Jep|o Fepkb bpk |ok t{~pkak ikblkp) |ok ~bp|}) |ok t|b|k) bjl |ok amim|bp}*

Pkdkj|i}tmjdk |ok mj|pel{d|mej ec abpfk| pkcepat mj H{i} 0>>0kdejeamd bd|ept t{do bt cmpat bjloe{tkoeilt obsk bite kdeak ma~ep|bj| bd|ept) {| |oktk kdejeamd bd|ept bpk je| pkgbplkl bt fk} ~ewkpmjt|m|{|mejt mj Jep|o Fepkb bjl wmii je| `k deskpkl okpk*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

3/21

Jkw bpblmgat cep \pbjt~bdmc md Deiib`epb|mej 204

MM* Ce{p Dpm|mdbi Doemdkt8 Akk|mjg |ok Dobiikjgkt ec |ok \makt

L{pmjg |ok ~bt| 2; }kbpt ep te) Jep|o Fepkb obt ablk ce{p dpm|mdbi doemdkt |e t{psmsk

|ok {j~pkdklkj|kl ~eim|mdbi) tkd{pm|}) bjl kdejeamd obpltom~t m| obt cbdkl8 |ok cmpt|doemdk wbt ablk mj |ok kbpi} 2==>t) |ok tkdejl mj 0>>>) |ok |ompl mj 0>>0) bjl |ok

ce{p|o mj 0>>; /^bmf 0>>4) ;=?76 0>>2) 7246 0>>t wokj |ok Tesmk| [jmej bjl |ok

Kbt| K{pe~kbj tedmbimt| t|b|kt deiib~tkl bjl Jep|o Fepkb obl |e eskpdeak m|t kdejeamd

bjl tkd{pm|} dpmtkt db{tkl `} |oktk kskj|t* Mj bj kccep| |e mjl{dk cepkmgj mjskt|akj|)

Jep|o Fepkb lktmgjb|kl |ok Pbhmj!Tej`ejg t|pm~ biejg m|t kbt| debt| bt b cpkk kdejeamd

bjl |pblk ejk bjl ~pea{igb|kl sbpme{t ibwt bjl pkg{ib|mejt* Mj |ok akbj|mak) Jep|o

Fepkb `kgbj |e tkkf wb}t |e e~kj b omgo!ikski lmbieg{k wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjljepabimk pkib|mejt wm|o Hb~bj* Bite) mj Lkdka`kp 2==2) Jep|o Fepkb dejdi{lkl wm|o

Te{|o Fepkb |ok Bgpkkakj| ej Pkdejdmimb|mej) Jejbggpkttmej) bjl Kxdobjgkt bjl

Dee~kpb|mej) bjl |egk|okp |ok} kj|kpkl |ok [jm|kl Jb|mejt* Mj 2==0) Jep|o Fepkb

bite mtt{kl b hemj| lkdibpb|mej ej |ok lkj{dikbpmb|mej ec |ok Fepkbj ~kjmjt{ib wm|o

Te{|o Fepkb) bjl mj 2==< Jep|o Fepkb ablk b dpm|mdbi lkdmtmej |e gmsk {~ m|t j{dikbp

wkb~ejt ~pegpba `} tmgjmjg |ok Bgpkkl Cpbakwepf wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt*

\oktk dpm|mdbi akbt{pkt mj kx|kpjbi ~eim|mdbi bjl kdejeamd pkib|mejt) womdo |eef ~ibdk

mj 2==2=>>

Mj 0>>>) Jep|o Fepkb ablk bje|okp pe{jl ec dpm|mdbi doemdkt8 mj|kp!Fepkbj t{aam|

|bift bjl b lpbab|md ma~peskakj| mj Jep|o Fepkb[*T* pkib|mejt* Mj H{jk 0>>>) Jep|o

Fepkbj ikblkp Fma Hejg!mi okil |ok cmpt|!kskp t{aam| |bift wm|o Te{|o Fepkbj pktmlkj|

Fma Lbk!h{jg mj ^}ejg}bjg* Hemj|i} |ok Fepkbj ikblkpt mtt{kl b lkdibpb|mej* \omtomt|epmd kskj| ~pesmlkl jkw aeakj|{a cep ma~peskakj| ec pkib|mejt je| eji} k|wkkj

|ok |we Fepkbt {| bite wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl |ok mj|kpjb|mejbi deaa{jm|} /Bi`pmgo|

0>>>`-*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

4/21

20 < [*T*Fepkb Bdblkamd T}a~etm{a

Mj Ed|e`kp 0>>>) |ok cmpt| lk~{|} dobmpabj ec |ok Jb|mejbi Lkckjtk Deaamttmej

/JLD- ec Jep|o Fepkb) Smdk Abptobi He A}ejg!pef) mj |ok db~bdm|} ec b t~kdmbi

kjse} ec Fma Hejg!mi) smtm|kl Wbtomjg|ej* He dbppmkl Fma Hejg!mit akttbgk |ob| ok

wbt wmiimjg |e ma~pesk pkib|mejt wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl teisk sbpme{t ~pe`ikat)mjdi{lmjg |ok amttmik mtt{k* Fma Hejg!mi lkabjlkl b tkd{pm|} g{bpbj|kk cep Jep|o

Fepkbj teskpkmgj|} bjl |kppm|ep} cpea |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt /He 0>>>6 Bi`pmgo| 0>>>d-*

Ej 20 Ed|e`kp) |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl Jep|o Fepkb mtt{kl b hemj| deaa{jmr{ |ob|

~pesmlkl b geilkj dobjdk cep b lpbab|md ma~peskakj| mj pkib|mejt `k|wkkj |ok |we

de{j|pmkt /LET 0>>>-* Fma Hejg!mi) |ope{go He) bite mjsm|kl ^pktmlkj| @mii Dimj|ej |e

smtm| ^}ejg}bjg*

Tkdpk|bp} ec |ok T|b|k Ablkikmjk Bi`pmgo| ~bml b pk|{pj smtm| |e ^}ejg}bjg |ob| aej|o

bjl lmtd{ttkl wm|o Fma Hejg!mi ^pktmlkj| Dimj|ejt ~ettm`ik smtm| |e Jep|o Fepkb bt

wkii bt ~kjlmjg ~pe`ikat) mjdi{lmjg |ok amttmik mtt{k /Bi`pmgo| 0>>0b6 0>>0l-* Mj bllm|mej)

|ok tmx|o pe{jl ec |ok [*T*Jep|o Fepkb kx~kp|t akk|mjg ej amttmik |bift wbt okil mjF{bib I{a~{p) Abib}tmb) mj kbpi} Jeska`kp 0>>>* Jep|o Fepkbt ecckpt bjl

dea~peamtkt mj |ok tkdejl obic ec 0>>> wm|o pkgbpl |e |ok Jep|o Fepkbj amttmik mtt{k

wkpk {j~pkdklkj|kl mj tde~k /M\C 0>>2-* M| wbt tbml |ob| |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl

Jep|o Fepkb jkklkl h{t| ejk aepk omgo!ikski jkge|mb|mej) womdo lml je| ab|kpmbimk)

pkgbplmjg |ok Jep|o Fepkbj amttmik mtt{k `kcepk ^pktmlkj| Dimj|ej we{il lkdmlk

wok|okp |e smtm| |e Jep|o Fepkb*

Pkcepat mj |ok Jep|o Fepkbj Kdejea}0>>0

B |ompl dpm|mdbi doemdk wbt ablk ej 2 H{i} 0>>08 Jep|o Fepkb bjje{jdkl bj k~edobi

~eimd} lktmgjkl |e ma~pesk m|t kdejea} `} mj|pel{dmjg abpfk| kikakj|t mj|e m|t kdejeamdabjbgkakj| t}t|ka /Doetej Tmj`e 0>>06 FDJB 0>>0-* Pkcepa akbt{pkt mjdi{lkl

b`eimtomjg cpkk pb|mejmjg ec ceel bjl lbmi} jkdkttm|mkt) lmtdej|mj{mjg t{`tmlmkt |e

cbd|epmkt bjl cmpat cep dbpp}mjg e{| ~pel{d|mej bjl lmt|pm`{|mej bd|msm|mkt) lkdkj|pbimmjg

kdejeamd ~ibjjmjg bjl abjbgkakj| kxdk~| mj teak fk} t|pb|kgmd bpkbt) kx~bjlmjg

|ok b{|ejea} ec |ok `{tmjktt blamjmt|pb|mej ec cmpat bjl cbd|epmkt) mj|pel{dmjg db~m|bi

geelt kxdobjgk abpfk|t) mj|pel{dmjg ~pmdkt `btkl ej pkbi ~pel{d|mej cbd|ept)

lkdkj|pbimmjg lkdmtmejt b`e{| ~pmdkt) kiksb|mjg |ok peik ec d{ppkjd} mj kdejeamd

abjbgkakj|) mjdpkbtmjg tbibpmkt |e akk| |ok det|t ec ceel bjl jkdkttm|mkt) bjl lksbi{mjg

|ok Jep|o Fepkbj d{ppkjd} bgbmjt| |ok [*T* leiibp*

\oktk akbt{pkt wkpk lktmgjkl |e mj|pel{dk pkcepa mj |ok leakt|md kdejea}) {jimfk|ok |we ~pksme{t dpm|mdbi doemdkt |ob| lkbi| wm|o kx|kpjbi bpkbt* Mj |ok ib||kp ~bp| ec

0>>0) Jep|o Fepkb bite b||ka~|kl |e ma~pesk pkib|mejt wm|o Hb~bj6 lktmgjb|kl Tmj{mh{

bt b t~kdmbi blamjmt|pb|mej lmt|pmd|) A|* F{agbjg bpkb bt b t~kdmbi |e{pmt| ejk) bjl

Fbktejg bt b t~kdmbi mjl{t|pmbi ejk6 bjl mtt{kl |ok L^PFHb~bj Hemj| Lkdibpb|mej

mj ^}ejg}bjg /FDJB 0>>0-*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

5/21

Jkw bpblmgat cep \pbjt~bdmc md Deiib`epb|mej 20;

peamtk |e Lkj{dikbpmxk Jep|o Fepkb0>>;

Ej 2= Tk~|ka`kp 0>>;) mj |ok hemj| t|b|kakj| ec |ok ce{p|o pe{jl ec |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift)

mtt{kl mj @kmhmjg) Jep|o Fepkb ablk |ok ce{p|o dpm|mdbi doemdk `} bgpkkmjg |e |oklkj{dikbpmb|mej ec |ok Fepkbj ~kjmjt{ib* Biaet| |opkk }kbpt obl ~bttkl tmjdk [*T*

Bttmt|bj| Tkdpk|bp} ec T|b|k Hbakt B* Fkii} smtm|kl ^}ejg}bjg mj Ed|e`kp 0>>0 bt b

~pktmlkj|mbi kjse} bjl b tkdejl j{dikbp dpmtmt edd{ppkl mj Fepkb8 |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt

pbmtkl |ok jkw mtt{k ec Jep|o Fepkbt dibjlkt|mjk omgoi} kjpmdokl {pbjm{a ~pegpba)

bdd{tkl Jep|o Fepkb ec smeib|mjg |ok 2==< Bgpkkl Cpbakwepf) |ok 2==0 Jep|o bjl

Te{|o Fepkb hemj| lkdibpb|mej ej |ok lkj{dikbpmb|mej ec |ok Fepkbj ~kjmjt{ib) bjl

|ok J{dikbp Jej!^peimckpb|mej \pkb|} /J^\-6 bjl t|e~~kl lkimskpmjg okbs} c{ki emi |e

Jep|o Fepkb* Bi|oe{go Jep|o Fepkb pkt~ejlkl } fmdfmjg e{| |ok Mj|kpjb|mejbi B|eamd

Kjkpg} Bgkjd} /MBKB- mjt~kd|ept bjl aejm|epmjg dbakpbt cpea |ok ]ejg`}ej j{dikbp

pkbd|ep tm|k) wm|olpbwmjg cpea |ok J^\) |kpamjb|mjg |ok cpkkk ej |ok ]ejg`}ej j{dikbp

cbdmim|mkt) bjl pkt{amjg |ok pk~pedkttmjg ec t~kj| j{dikbp c{ki |e kx|pbd| ~i{|ejm{a)Jep|o Fepkb cmjbii} lkdmlkl |e pkteisk |ok Jep|o Fepkbj j{dikbp dpmtmt bc|kp b

dea~pkokjtmsk gmsk!bjl!|bfk wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt mj Tk~|ka`kp 0>>;*

Jep|o Fepkb deaam||kl |e b`bjlej bii j{dikbp wkb~ejt bjl kxmt|mjg j{dikbp ~pegpbat

bjl |e pk|{pj |e |ok J^\ bjl |ok MBKB tbckg{bplt mj kxdobjgk cep tkd{pm|} btt{pbjdkt

`} |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt6 cep jepabimb|mej ec pkib|mejt wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl Hb~bj6

bjl cep kdejeamd dee~kpb|mej mj kjkpg}) |pblk) bjl mjskt|akj| wm|o de{j|pmkt

~bp|mdm~b|mjg mj |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift* M| ~peamtkl jkge|mb|mej |ewbpl ibt|mjg ~kbdk ej |ok

Fepkbj ~kjmjt{ib |bift bjl |ok lkskie~akj| ec a{i|mib|kpbi tkd{pm|} dee~kpb|mej mj

Jep|okbt| Btmb* M| mt bj bgpkkakj| Jep|o Fepkb obt iejg te{go|) bjl Jep|o Fepkb

tkkt m| bt b fk} |e m|t t{psmsbi*

\ok ce{p dpm|mdbi doemdkt mjlmdb|k |ob| Jep|o Fepkb obt `kkj cikxm`ik kje{go mj m|t

ewj wb} |e akk| |ok dobiikjgkt bjl jkklt ec |ok |makt bjl kjobjdk m|t t{psmsb`mim|}

bt b t}t|ka bjl pkgmak {jlkp kx|pkaki} {jcbsepb`ik leakt|md bjl kx|kpjbi

dmpd{at|bjdkt* Jep|o Fepkbt dpm|mdbi doemdkt kx~pkttkl |okatkiskt mj m|t kccep|t |e

t{psmsk bjl) aepk dejdpk|ki}) |e kjobjdk m|t jb|mejbi) t}t|ka bjl pkgmak tkd{pm|}

|ope{go ~eim|mdbi) lm~ieab|md) bjl amim|bp} kjlkbsept bjl |e bddea~imto kdejeamd

pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj| |ope{go abpfk| pkcepa bjl e~kjmjg*

Wk jew ieef b| |ok dobjgmjg l}jbamdt ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka) ced{tmjg ej oew

dobiikjgkt bjl jkklt ec |ok |makt dpm|mdbii} mjci{kjdkl bppbjgkakj|t ec |ok ~bp|}) |okt|b|k) bjl |ok amim|bp} mj |kpat ec ~ewkp ~etm|mejt) eccmdmbi mlkeiegmkt) bjl ~eimd} doemdkt*

Fma Hejg!mi obt t{~kpsmtkl bii |opkk ec |ok ~ewkp mjt|m|{|mejt mj omt ~etm|mej bt t{~pkak

ikblkp /t{p}ejg- ec Jep|o Fepkb*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

6/21

20 3 [*T*Fepkb Bdblkamd T}a~etm{a

MMM* Dobjgmjg bp|}!T|b|k!Amim|bp} Bppbjgkakj|t mj Jep|o Fepkb

Jep|o Fepkb mt `btmdbii} b ~bp|}!t|b|k) bjl |ok amim|bp} mt ~bp| ec |ok t|b|k b~~bpb|{t

|ob| mt t{~kpsmtkl `} |ok ~bp|}* \ok pkib|mejtom~ `k|wkkj |ok ~bp|} bjl |ok t|b|k mj |ok|pblm|mejbi Tesmk| t}t|ka wbt dobpbd|kpmkl `} `e|o |ok t{~pkabd} ec |ok ~bp|} eskp

|ok t|b|k bjl |ok c{tmej ec |ok |we mjt|m|{|mejt6 mj |ok Tesmk| t}t|ka) |ok ~bp|} wbt mj

t|pmd| dej|pei ec |ok amim|bp}* \ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka |elb} de{il `k lktdpm`kl bt

obic |pblm|mejbi Tesmk| t}t|ka bjl obic m|t ewj Fepkbj!t|}ik tedmbimt| t}t|ka8 |ok Fepkbj

Wepfkpt bp|} /FW^- t|mii oeilt t{~pkabd} eskp |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t|b|k mj |kpat ec

b{|oepm|} bjl ~pkt|mgk bjl ec wb|domjg eskp eccmdmbi mlkeiegmkt) `{| |ok dobiikjgkt ec

|ok |makt) ~bp|md{ibpi} tmjdk |ok kbpi} 2==>t) obsk |pbjtcepakl |ok |pblm|mejbi pkib|mejtom~t

baejg |ok ~bp|}) |ok t|b|k) bjl |ok amim|bp}* Je le{`|) t{~pkak ikblkp Fma Hejg!mi

mt mj c{ii dej|pei ec |ok fk} ~eim|mdbi bjl amim|bp} b~~bpb|{tkt ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj ~bp|}

bjl t|b|k* Ok oeilt |ok eccmdmbi ~etm|mejt ec |ok gkjkpbi tkdpk|bp} ec |ok FW^) |ok

dobmpabj ec |ok JLD) bjl deaabjlkp mj domkc ec |ok Fepkbj ke~ikt Bpa} /F^B-*

\ok Jep|o Fepkbj t|b|k) ec womdo |ok JLD bjl |ok db`mjk| bpk |ok aet| ma~ep|bj|

kikakj|t) obt bdr{mpkl aepk ~pbd|mdbi ~ewkp |obj |ok ~bp|} mj |kpat ec |ok pkbi ~eim|mdt

ec cepa{ib|mjg bjl dejl{d|mjg ~eimdmkt |e akk| |ok dobiikjgkt ec |ok |makttkd{pm|}

ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka bjl kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj|* \ok JLD

dej|peit |ok F^B bjl |ok ~bpbamim|bp} epgbjmb|mejt) bjl |ok dobmpabj ec |ok JLD

obt kkj lktdpm`kl } |ok Fepkbj Dkj|pbi Jkwt Bgkjd} /ej ; Tk~|ka`kp 2==?- bjl

mjPelejg Tomja{j /3 Tk~|ka`kp 2==?- bt |ok omgokt| ~etm|mej ec |ok t|b|k |ob|

dej|peit bjl deaabjlt |ok |e|bi ~ewkp ec ~eim|mdt) amim|bp}) bjl kdejea} mj Jep|o

Fepkb* \omt tmgjmcmkt |ok ~pkt|mgk ec |ok JLD mj Jep|o Fepkbj ~eim|mdt |elb}) bjl |ok

JLD obt c{jd|mejkl mj ~pbd|mdk bt |ok t{~pkak ~eimd}!abfmjg `el} mj Jep|o Fepkbcep |ok ~bt| 2> }kbpt) kx~iem|mjg |ok eccmdmbi mlkeieg} ec amim|bp}!cmpt| /tejg{j- pksei{|mej

ep amim|bp}!cmpt| ~eim|mdt*

@{| pkib|msk ~ewkpt baejg |ok ~bp|}) |ok t|b|k) bjl |ok amim|bp} obsk dobjgkl mj

bddeplbjdk wm|o dobjgmjg ~pmepm|mkt bjl jkklt* Womdo mjt|m|{|mej/t- ep bd|ep/t- ~ib}kl

fk} peikt mj akk|mjg |ok dobiikjgkt bt lkcmjkl `} |ok ce{p dpm|mdbi doemdkt ablk `}

Jep|o Fepkb5

Cmpt| Dpm|mdbi Doemdk

\ok cmpt| t|pb|kgmd doemdk Jep|o Fepkb ablk mj |ok kbpi} 2==>t) h{t| bc|kp |ok deiib~tkec |ok Tesmk| [jmej bjl |ok Kbt| K{pe~kbj tedmbimt| t|b|kt bjl |ok {jmcmdb|mej ec

Gkpabj}) toewt |ob| Jep|o Fepkb obl |e lkbi wm|o kdejeamd bjl tkd{pm|} ~pe`ikat

`} mj|pel{dmjg b cpkk kdejeamd bjl |pblk ejk6 `} tkkfmjg pb~~pedokakj| wm|o Te{|o

Fepkb) |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt) bjl Hb~bj6 bjl `} `bp|kpmjg m|t j{dikbp wkb~ejt ~pegpba

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

7/21

Jkw bpblmgat cep \pbjt~bdmc md Deiib`epb|mej 207

cep imgo|!wb|kp pkbd|ept cep ~ewkp gkjkpb|mej bjl ma~peskl pkib|mejt wm|o |ok [jm|kl

T|b|kt mj |ok cmkilt ec tkd{pm|}) ~eim|mdt) bjl |ok kdejea}*

\ok 2==0 pksmtmej ec |ok tedmbimt| dejt|m|{|mej ec Jep|o Fepkb mjlmdb|kt |ob| Jep|oFepkb jkklkl |e lmcckpkj|mb|k m|tkic cpea e|okp cbmikl tedmbimt| t}t|kat |ope{go bj

ka~obtmt ej |ok mjlk~kjlkj| bjl {jmr{k Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka) |ob| mt) b abtt!

dkj|kpkl e{p!ewj!t|}ik tedmbimta /ep Fepkbj!t|}ik tedmbimta- /Fma H* 2==7) ?>-*

Jep|o Fepkb jkklkl |e b`bjlej m|t mj|kpjb|mejbi mteib|mej cep ~eim|mdbi bjl kdejeamd

pkbtejt) bjl |ok ~pkt|mgk ec |ok amim|bp} wbt kjobjdkl wokj |ok dejt|m|{|mej wbt

pksmtkl mj 2==0* Bp|mdik 224 ec |ok dejt|m|{|mej ka~ewkpkl |ok JLD |e dej|pei bii

bpakl cepdkt* \ok t|bgk wbt tk| cep Fma Hejg!mi |e `kdeak |ok dobmpabj ec |ok

~ewkpc{i JLD) bjl Fma |eef eskp |ob| ~etm|mej mj 2==4* Je|k |ob| Fma Hejg!mi obl

bipkbl} `kdeak deaabjlkp mj domkc ec |ok F^B ejk }kbp `kcepk |ok pksmtmej ec |ok

dejt|m|{|mej*

M| mt dikbp |ob| |ok ~ewkp ec |ok amim|bp} wbt t|pkjg|okjkl t{`t|bj|mbii} bjl smtm`i} mj

eplkp |e lkbi wm|o kx|kpjbi |opkb|t* Bjl |ok eccmdmbi mlkeieg} ec Fepkbj!t|}ik tedmbimta

bite mjlmdb|kt |ob| |ok FW^ obl m|t amttmej |e bddea~imto bjl m|t l{|mkt |e ~kpcepa cep

|ok mlkeiegmdbi t{~~ep| ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka wokj |ok Tesmk| [jmej bjl Kbt|

K{pe~kbj tedmbimt| t|b|kt wkpk gejk*

@kcepk b lmtd{ttmej ec |ok tkdejl dpm|mdbi doemdk) mj 0>>>) wk {jlkp|bfk b `pmkc pksmkw

ec kskj|t `k|wkkj |ok cmpt| dpm|mdbi doemdk mj |ok kbpi} 2==>t {j|mi |ok |mak ec |ok

tkdejl doemdk mj 0>>>* \ok ~pe`ika ec |ok cmpt| dpm|mdbi doemdkt wbt je| |ob| |ok

doemdkt wkpk je| deppkd| ep je| |maki}) {| |ob| aet| ec |ok dpm|mdbi akbt{pkt wkpk je|

ma~ikakj|kl t{ddkttc{ii}* \ok kdejeamd `kjkcm|t kx~kd|kl cpea |ok cpkk kdejeamdbjl |pblk ejk bjl |ok pb~~pedokakj| wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt) Hb~bj) bjl Te{|o Fepkb

lml je| pkbdo |ok ikskit ~ibjjkl bjl kx~kd|kl) abmji} `kdb{tk ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj

j{dikbp dpmtmt) Jep|o Fepkbt mjkx~kpmkjdk mj dbpp}mjg e{| lkdmtmejt bjl lkbimjg wm|o

|ok e{|tmlk wepil) |ok mj|kpjb|mejbi deaa{jm|}t ibdf ec |p{t| mj bjl oki~ cep Jep|o

Fepkb) bjl |ok t{llkj lkb|o ec Fma Mi!t{jg* \ok Jep|o Fepkbj kdejea} wbt bite

dpm~~ikl cpea t|p{d|{pbi ~pe`ikat |ob| obl bdd{a{ib|kl cep aepk |obj cmsk lkdblkt*

\ok jk| e{|deak wbt |ok deiib~tk ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj kdejea}) womdo ikl |e

{j~pkdklkj|kl abtt cbamjk mj Jep|o Fepkb mj |ok aml!2==>t* \ok ~bp|} bjl |ok t|b|k

cbmikl |e c{jd|mej bt kx~kd|kl {jlkp |ok lmpk dmpd{at|bjdkt) bjl eji} |ok amim|bp}

pkabmjkl bt |ok ~pe~ cep |ok t}t|ka* Jep|o Fepkb m|tkic lkcmjkl m|t bpl{e{t tm|{b|mejbt |ok obplkt| |mak tmjdk |ok Fepkbj Wbp* Jb|mejbi) t}t|ka) bjl pkgmak tkd{pm|}

wkpk mj lbjgkp* Cep|{jb|ki}) [*T* ~eimd} |ewbpl Jep|o Fepkb wbt je| dea~ik|ki}

oet|mik kdb{tk ec |ok Dimj|ej blamjmt|pb|mejt kjgbgkakj| ~eimd} |ewbpl Jep|o Fepkb*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

8/21

20 ? [*T*Fepkb Bdblkamd T}a~etm{a

Jep|o Fepkb blsedb|kl |ok mlkeieg} ec tedmbimt| pkl cibg mj 2==; bt bj eccmdmbi

mlkeieg} ec lkckjlmjg Jep|o Fepkbj tedmbimta) {| m| lml je| b~~kbp |e obsk bj} tkpme{t

mjci{kjdk ej |ok ~ke~ik wokj |ok} wkpk t|bpsmjg |e lkb|o* \ok pkl!cibg mlkb akbj|

|ok pksei{|mejbp} ~omiete~o} ech{dok) tmjgik!amjlkl {jm|}) bjl cbm|o) womdo |okJep|o Fepkbj ikblkptom~ obl |e ae`mimk mj eplkp |e abjbgk |ok {j~pkdklkj|kl obpltom~

m| wbt gemjg |ope{go* Cep kxba~ik) |ok 2 Hbj{bp} 2==7 hemj| klm|epmbi cep |ok jkw }kbp

mjPelejg Tomja{j) Doetej Mjamjg{j) bjl Doejgj}ej Doejwm ka~obtmkl

|ob|) mj |ok pkl!cibg mlkeieg}) |okpk toe{il `k je `k|pb}bi) je mlkeiegmdbi lkgkjkpb|mej)

b tmjgik!amjlkl {jm|} `k|wkkj |ok ikblkp bjl |ok ~ke~ik) bjl b `kimkc mj k|kpjbi imck mj

|ok `etea ec |ok ikblkp*

Jep|o Fepkb bite mj|pel{dkl |ok mlkb ec amim|bp}!cmpt| ~eim|mdt mj 2==; bjl cepa{ib|kl

m| aepk c{ii} mjPelejg Tomja{j ej 20 Lkdka`kp 2==7* \ok amim|bp}!cmpt| dejdk~|

wbt lktmgjkl |e kjde{pbgk |ok amim|bp} |e `k |ok ~pmak kjgmjk ep cepdk ec pksei{|mej

/Fma D* 0>>>) 4>42- bjl |e ~ib} b ikblmjg peik mj tbckg{bplmjg |ok kxmt|mjg pkgmak) |eblsbjdk |ewbpl kdejeamd dejt|p{d|mej) bjl |e kjde{pbgk |ok ~ke~ik |e ceiiew |ok

kxba~ikt ec |ok amim|bp}* Amim|bp}!cmpt| ~eim|mdt bite pk~pktkj|t Fma Hejg!mit ~eim|mdbi

jkkl |e pk|bmj |ok ie}bi|} ec |ok amim|bp}) womdo mt |ok aet| ~ewkpc{i bjl ~e|kj|mbii}

lbjgkpe{t mjt|m|{|mej b| b |mak ec {j~pkdklkj|kl ~eim|mdbi bjl kdejeamd lmccmd{i|mkt mj

Jep|o Fepkb* [tmjg amim|bp}!cmpt| ~eim|mdt) Fma Hejg!mi mj|kjtmcmkl mlkeiegmdbi

mjled|pmjb|mej ~pegpbat bjl {pgkl |ok ~ke~ik |e kr{m~ |okatkiskt wm|o pksei{|mejbp}

e~|mamta mj eplkp |e eskpdeak |ok ~kjlmjg dpmtmt* Amim|bp}!cmpt| ~eim|mdt wbt je| eji}

bj eccmdmbi mlkeieg} {| bite bj ka`elmakj| ec |ok t~mpm| ec |ok |mak bjl wbt jkdkttbp}

cep |ok de{j|p}t t{psmsbi*

Fma Hejg!mi btt{akl |ok |m|ik ec gkjkpbi tkdpk|bp} ec |ok FW^) bjl ok pksmtkl |okJep|o Fepkbj dejt|m|{|mej mj 2==? wm|o |ok dikbp ~{p~etk ec t|pkjg|okjmjg jb|mejbi

tkd{pm|}) t}t|ka tkd{pm|}) bjl pkgmak tkd{pm|} bjl bdomksmjg kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl

lkskie~akj|* Bddeplmjg |e |ok 2==? pksmtkl dejt|m|{|mej) |ok JLD `btmdbii} |bfkt

dbpk ec amim|bp} bccbmpt) bjl |ok ^pktmlm{a ec |ok T{~pkak ^ke~ikt Dejgpktt /T^D-

bjl |ok db`mjk| ec Jep|o Fepkb btt{ak pkt~ejtm`mim|} cep jejamim|bp} bccbmpt {jlkp |ok

g{mlbjdk ec |ok FW^* \ok dobmpabj ec |ok pktmlm{a ec |ok T^D pk~pktkj|t |ok t|b|k

teskpkmgj|} kx|kpjbii}) bjl |ok ~pkamkp ec |ok db`mjk| pk~pktkj|t |ok Jep|o Fepkbj

geskpjakj| mj|kpjbii}*

\ok Fepkbj Dkj|pbi Jkwt Bgkjd} ej ; Tk~|ka`kp 2==? pk~ep|kl |ob| |ok dobmpabj

ec |ok pktmlm{a ec |ok T^D) mj omt pkdeaakjlb|mej ec Fma Hejg!mi |e |ok dobmpabj ec|ok JLD) lkcmjkl |ok dobmpabj ec |ok JLD bt |ok omgokt| t|b|k eccmdk |ob| epgbjmkt

bjl g{mlkt |ok kj|kp~pmtk ec lkckjlmjg |ok tedmbimt| Cb|okpibjlt t|b|k t}t|ka bjl |ok

lkt|mj} ec |ok ~ke~ik bjl ec t|pkjg|okjmjg bjl lkskie~mjg |ok t|b|kt lkckjtk cepdkt

bjl gkjkpbi jb|mejbi ~ewkp `} dej|peiimjg bjl deaabjlmjg |ok t|b|kt ~eim|mdbi)

kdejeamd) bjl amim|bp} db~bdm|} mj |e|bim|} bjl bt |ok tbdpkl eccmdk |ob| t}a`eimkt

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

9/21

Jkw bpblmgat cep \pbjt~bdmc md Deiib`epb|mej 20=

bjl pk~pktkj|t e{p Cb|okpibjlt oejep bjl e{p ~ke~ikt lmgjm|}* \ok ~ewkp ec |ok

JLD wbt wkii lkaejt|pb|kl wokj bj JLD aka`kp wbt pbjfkl omgokp |obj ~bp|}

tkdpk|bpmkt l{pmjg eccmdmbi ~{`imd gb|okpmjgt*

\ok kdejeamd lmtbt|kp ec |ok aml!2==>t bd|kl bt b db|bi}t| cep |ok Jep|o Fepkbj

ikblkptom~ |e dejdkj|pb|k ej kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj| bt |ok |e~ ~eimd}

~pmepm|}6 |ok ikblkptom~ wbt iktt dejdkpjkl b`e{| m|t tkd{pm|} |objft |e |ok Dimj|ej

blamjmt|pb|mejt kjgbgkakj| ~eimd}* Jep|o Fepkb blsedb|kl bjl mjdi{lkl mj |ok 2==?

pksmtkl dejt|m|{|mej |ok `{milmjg!{~ ec b t|pejg bjl ~pet~kpe{t t|b|k) mj womdo |opkk

fmjlt ec t|pkjg|o bjl ~pet~kpm|}mlkeiegmdbi) amim|bp}) bjl kdejeamdwkpk e{|imjkl*

M| wbt tbml |ob| |ok cmpt| |we obl `kkj bipkbl} bdomkskl) wm|o bj kdejeamdbii} t|pejg

bjl ~pet~kpe{t t|b|k pkabmjmjg |e `k `{mi| mj |ok }kbpt |e deak /DPD 0>>>>*

Jep|o Fepkbt doemdk mj 0>>> |e ma~pesk m|t pkib|mejt wm|o Te{|o Fepkb bjl |ok [jm|kl

T|b|kt obl a{do |e le wm|o |ok jkkl |e pkl{dk |kjtmejt wm|o Te{|o Fepkb bjl |ok[jm|kl T|b|kt bt Jep|o Fepkb kjlkbsepkl |e gbmj kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl kdejeamd

dee~kpb|mej cpea |ok e{|tmlk* M| wbt dikbp |ob| mj|kp!Fepkbj pkdejdmimb|mej bjl

dee~kpb|mej wkpk |ok jkdkttbp} cmpt| t|k~t cep Jep|o Fepkb |e gk| mj|kpjb|mejbi oki~

bjl dee~kpb|mej*

Bc|kp |ok cmpt| dpm|mdbi doemdkt wkpk {jt{ddkttc{i) |ok amim|bp} bjl |ok t|b|k ~ib}kl

tmgjmcmdbj| peikt mj ~pe~~mjg {~ |ok cbmimjg t}t|ka bjl mj akk|mjg |ok jkkl cep kdejeamd

pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj|* \ok ~bp|} mjskj|kl |ok pkl!cibg mlkb) amim|bp}!cmpt| ~eim|mdt)

bjl |ok `{milmjg {~ ec b t|pejg bjl ~pet~kpe{t t|b|k* \ok cbd| |ob| |ok cmpt| smdk

dobmpabj ec |ok JLD smtm|kl Wbtomjg|ej) L*D*) |e b||ka~| b pkbf|ope{go mj pkib|mejt

wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt t{ggkt|t |ob| |ok JLD mt |ok aet| ~pkt|mgme{t t|b|k mjt|m|{|mejmj Jep|o Fepkb bjl |ob| omgo!pbjfmjg gkjkpbit) ~bp|md{ibpi} |oetk mj |ok JLD) bpk je|

akpk ~peckttmejbi gkjkpbit `{| omgo!pbjfmjg ~eimd}abfkpt mj Jep|o Fepkb* Fma Hejg!

mi dikbpi} lkaejt|pb|kl omt ~ewkp bjl ~pkt|mgk eskp |ok amim|bp}) ~kpt{blmjg m| |e bddk~|

omt lkdmtmejt*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

10/21

24 > [*T*Fepkb Bdblkamd T}a~etm{a

\ompl Dpm|mdbi Doemdk

^pktmlkj| Gkepgk W* @{to |eef eccmdk mj Hbj{bp} 0>>2 wm|o bj bj|mJep|o Fepkb

~eimd}* Mj bllm|mej) |ok 22 Tk~|ka`kp 0>>2 |kppepmt| b||bdf ej |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt `btmdbii}~{| b t|e~ |e Jep|o Fepkbt pb~~pedokakj| wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl lpesk b wklgk

`k|wkkj |ok |we Fepkbt* pktmlkj| @{to mjdi{lkl Jep|o Fepkb mj bj bxmt ec ksmi mj

omt 0>>0 T|b|k ec |ok [jmej Bllpktt) bjl mj Hbj{bp} 0>>0 |ok [*T* J{dikbp ^et|{pk

Pksmkw t|b|kl |ob| j{dikbp wkb~ejt de{il `k {tkl bgbmjt| Jep|o Fepkb) ejk ec |ok

tkskj t|b|kt oet|mik ep ~e|kj|mbii} oet|mik |e |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt* Jep|o Fepkbt kx|kpjbi

kjsmpejakj| obl t{llkji} lk|kpmepb|kl*

\ok Jep|o Fepkbj kdejea} lml je| toew ~peamtk ec b c{|{pk {~|{pj ep akbjmjgc{i

t|p{d|{pbi dobjgk) bjl ~pktt{pk cep pkcepa dej|mj{kl |e gpew cpea |ok iewkp ikskit ec

tedmk|}* Mj |ok jkw }kbpt klm|epmbi ~{`imtokl hemj|i} `} Pelejg Tomja{j) Doetej

Mjamjg{j) bjl Doejgj}ej Doejwm ej 2 Hbj{bp} 0>>2) |ok Jep|o Fepkbj ikblkpka~obtmkl |ok ma~ep|bjdk ec jkw |omjfmjg bjl |kdojeiegmdbi mjjesb|mej |e akk|

|ok jkkl cep kdejeamd pkcepa* Fma Hejg!mi bite smtm|kl aelki e~kjmjg dm|mkt mj

Domjb bjl P{ttmb* M| wbt ib|kp ikbpjkl |ob| Jep|o Fepkb obl ~ibjjkl |e bjje{jdk |ok

mj|pel{d|mej ec abpfk| pkcepa bt kbpi} bt Hbj{bp} 0>>0) `{| ^pktmlkj| @{tot bxmt!ec!

ksmi pkabpft ablk |ok Jep|o Fepkbj ikblkptom~ ~et|~ejk m|t omt|epmd pkcepa akbt{pkt

|mii 2 H{i} 0>>0*

\ok |ompl t|pb|kgmd doemdkb imck!bjl!lkb|o lkdmtmej ej |ok ~bp| ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj

ikblkptom~|ob| wbt bjje{jdkl ej 2 H{i} 0>>0 wbt lktmgjkl |e ma~pesk Jep|o Fepkbt

kdejea} `} mj|pel{dmjg abpfk| kikakj|t bjl |bfmjg lpbab|md akbt{pkt |e kjibpgk

kdejeamd e~kjmjg |e |ok e{|tmlk wepil6 m| wbt lktmgjkl |e mj|pel{dk pkcepa mj|e |okleakt|md kdejeamd pkbia* Oew lml |omt pkcepa bcckd| |ok pkib|mejtom~ baejg |ok

|opkk fk} bd|ept mj Jep|o Fepkb5 M| lkabjlkl |ob| |ok t|b|k) ~bp|md{ibpi} |ok db`mjk|)

|bfk b skp} bggpkttmsk peik* @kdb{tk |omt abpfk| pkcepa wbt b wb|kptokl kskj| mj

Jep|o Fepkbj omt|ep}) m| lkabjlkl |ok c{ii kccep| ec |ok t|b|k cep t{ddkttc{i

ma~ikakj|b|mej*

Ejk mj|kpkt|mjg ~okjeakjej tmjdk abpfk| pkcepa obt `kkj |ob| eplmjbp} oe{tkoeilt

bjl cmpat obsk `kdeak ma~ep|bj| ~ib}kpt mj Jep|o Fepkbt kdejea}* @kdb{tk

oe{tkoeilt) bt dejt{akpt) obl |e t|bjl ej |okmp ewj bjl je| ikbj ej |ok t|b|k cep ceel

bjl lbmi} jkdkttm|mkt) bjl `kdb{tk cmpat bt ~pel{dkpt obl |e abfk pkbi ~pecm|t bjl je|

lk~kjl ej |ok t|b|k |e t{~~i} pbw ab|kpmbit bjl geelt) e|o oe{tkoeilt bjl kj|kp~pmtktobsk pkdkj|i} `kdeak |we ec |ok ma~ep|bj| ~ib}kpt mj |ok Jep|o Fepkbj kdejea}*

\omt ~okjeakjej obt obl b lpbab|md kcckd| ej |ok |pbjtcepab|mej ec |ok |pblm|mejbi

tedmbimt| kdejea} mj Jep|o Fepkb*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

11/21

Jkw bpblmgat cep \pbjt~bdmc md Deiib`epb|mej 242

Ce{p|o Dpm|mdbi Doemdk

Oew dbj |ok ce{p|o dpm|mdbi doemdk) ec 2= Tk~|ka`kp 0>>;) `k kx~ibmjkl mj |kpat ec

pkib|mejtom~t baejg |ok fk} oeilkpt ec ~ewkp bjl ec |ok dobjgmjg l}jbamdt ec |okJep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka5 \ok H{i} 0>>0 pkcepa wbt ma~ikakj|kl bt ~ibjjkl) bjl m|

`pe{go| b`e{| kjkcm|t bjl det|t bt kx~kd|kl8 ~pel{d|mej mjdpkbtkt mj |ok bgpmd{i|{pbi

bjl mjl{t|pmbi tkd|ept {| bj kx|pkaki} omgo pb|k ec mjcib|mej bjl gpewmjg mjdeak gb~t

baejg |ok ~ke~ik* Teak|omjg obl |e `k lejk |e t|b`mimk |ok kdejeamd tm|{b|mej*

\ok ce{p|o pe{jl ec dpm|mdbi doemdkt) bt kx~pkttkl mj |ok hemj| t|b|kakj| ec |ok @kmhmjg

tmx!~bp|} |bift) ~emj|t |e Jep|o Fepkbt gmsmjg {~ m|t j{dikbp ba`m|mejt bjl tkkfmjg

tkd{pm|}) lm~ieab|md) bjl kdejeamd gbmjt* Jep|o Fepkbt ikblkptom~ wbj|kl |e ma~pesk

m|t pkib|mejt lpbab|mdbii} wm|o |ok e{|tmlk wepil mj eplkp |e e`|bmj tkd{pm|} btt{pbjdkt

cpea |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt6 jepabimb|mej ec pkib|mejt wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl Hb~bj6

gbmjt mj kjkpg}) |pblk) bjl mjskt|akj| |ob| de{il oki~ ecctk| jkgb|msk kcckd|t ec |okH{i} 0>>0 abpfk| pkcepa6 bjl c{|{pk jkge|mb|mejt |ewbpl b ibt|mjg ~kbdk ej |ok Fepkbj

~kjmjt{ib bjl a{i|mib|kpbi tkd{pm|} dee~kpb|mej mj Jep|okbt| Btmb*

\ok ce{p|o pe{jl ec t|pb|kgmd doemdkt toewt |ob| |ok amim|bp} bjl |ok t|b|k ~ib}kl fk}

peikt mj abfmjg |oktk dea~peamtkt jkdkttbp} cep |okmp de{j|p}t t{psmsbi* \ok JLD

bjl |ok t|b|k|ok cepkmgj amjmt|p} bjl kdejea}!pkib|kl amjmt|pmkt bjl bgkjdmkt

a{t| obsk `kkj skp} mjci{kj|mbi mj abfmjg |ok t|pb|kgmd doemdk ec b`bjlejmjg j{dikbp

ba`m|mejt cep tkd{pm|} btt{pbjdkt bjl kdejeamd lkskie~akj|*

\e {jlkpt|bjl |ok dobjgmjg l}jbamdt ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka) wk obsk {j|mi

jew kxbamjkl oew |ok |opkk fk} bd|ept|ok ~bp|}) |ok amim|bp}) bjl |ok t|b|k~etm|mejkl |okatkiskt bgbmjt| ejk bje|okp mj |kpat ec |okmp omkpbpdo}) lmcckpkj|mb|kl

peikt) bjl ~ewkp lmt|pm`{|mej |e akk| |ok dobiikjgkt bjl |ok jkklt ec |ok |makt* Bgbmj)

Fma Hejg!mi) bt |ok t{~pkak ikblkp) dej|peiikl bjl g{mlkl |ok |opkk fk} bd|ept*

Eskpbii) |ok amim|bp} bjl |ok t|b|k obsk ~ib}kl aepk tmgjmcmdbj| peikt |obj |ok ~bp|}

l{pmjg |ok ~bt| 2; }kbpt) abmji} `kdb{tk |ok o{gk dobiikjgkt Jep|o Fepkb obl |e

akk| wkpk dejdkj|pb|kl ej |ok tkd{pm|} |opkb| db{tkl `} |ok oet|mik ~eimd} ec |ok

[jm|kl T|b|kt bjl |ok jkkl |e pkt{ppkd| |ok Jep|o Fepkbj kdejea}) womdo obl `kkj

lksbt|b|kl cep biaet| b obic dkj|{p} `} |ok cbmikl tedmbimt| kdejeamd t}t|ka*

\ok ~bp|} obt biwb}t `kkj ma~ep|bj| mj Jep|o Fepkb) bt lkaejt|pb|kl mj |ok blsedbd}ec |ok pkl!cibg mlkb bjl amim|bp}!cmpt| ~eim|mdt /ep amim|bp}!cmpt| pksei{|mej-) womdo

t{~~ep|kl |ok abttmsk mlkeiegmdbi mjled|pmjb|mej ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj ~ke~ik mj eplkp

|e t{t|bmj |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka l{pmjg |ok lmccmd{i| |makt* @{| dea~bpkl wm|o

~pksme{t |makt) |ok ~ewkpt bjl peikt ec |ok ~bp|} mj Jep|o Fepkb obsk t{`t|bj|mbii}

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

12/21

24 0 [*T*Fepkb Bdblkamd T}a~etm{a

gmskj wb} |e |ok amim|bp} bjl |ok t|b|k* \omt |kjlkjd} mt imfki} |e dej|mj{k cbp mj|e |ok

c{|{pk*

MS* Jb|mejbi Tkd{pm|} bjl Kdejeamd Lkskie~akj| mj Imgo|ec Jep|o Fepkb[*T* Pkib|mejt

Bt |ok} bpk cep kskp} de{j|p}) bdomksmjg jb|mejbi tkd{pm|} bjl kdejeamd lkskie~akj|

bpk |we ec |ok sm|bi |btft cep Jep|o Fepkb* @e|o |btft gkjkpbii} ge objl mj objl) ep

ejk mt bt jkdkttbp} bt |ok e|okp cep |ok bdomkskakj| ec e|o6 oewkskp) |ok kjsmpejakj|

cep bdomksmjg e|o ab} je| biwb}t k cbsepb`ik* Mj Jep|o Fepkb) kdejeamd pkdeskp}

bjl lkskie~akj| obsk kkj okbsmi} dejt|pbmjkl } tkd{pm|} lkskie~akj|t) ~bp|md{ibpi}

|oetk pkib|kl |e |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt*

Jb|mejbi Tkd{pm|}

\ok Jep|o Fepkbj ikblkptom~ obt kkj |p}mjg tma{i|bjke{ti} |e tkkf j{dikbp pktei{|mej

bjl b||bmj tkd{pm|} btt{pbjdkt cpea |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl kjobjdk kdejeamd

~kpcepabjdk b| oeak* [jiktt |ok Jep|o Fepkbj j{dikbp ~pe`ika mt teiskl bjl tkd{pm|}

btt{pbjdkt cpea |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt /bjl |ok e|okp ~bp|mdm~bj|t mj |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift-

bpk e`|bmjkl) |okpk wmii k mteib|mej cpea |ok mj|kpjb|mejbi deaa{jm|} bjl b dikbp imam|

|e Jep|o Fepkbj kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj|* Je wejlkp Jep|o Fepkbjt

|kjl |e |omjf |ob| tkd{pm|} mt b`tei{|ki} bj ma~ep|bj| bt~kd| ec wob| |ok} jkkl |e le

|e aesk `k}ejl wokpk |ok} bpk jew mj |kpat ec |ok pkcepat |ob| |ok}l imfk |e |bfk

~ibdk) mj |kpat ec pkib|mejtom~t |ok}l imfk |e lkskie~ wm|o Te{|o Fepkb bjl Hb~bj6

bjl |ob| |ok} smkw |oktk pkbii} bt ma~ettm`ik wm|oe{| gk||mjg `k}ejl |ok d{ppkj| t|b|k

ec bccbmpt wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt) bjl ~pmabp} baejg |ob| mt b tkd{pm|} btt{pbjdk

/@peefmjgt 0>>>;) 0-*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

13/21

Jkw bpblmgat cep \pbjt~bdmc md Deiib`epb|mej 244

Jep|o Fepkb b~~kbpt |e obsk deak |e |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift btt{amjg |ob| |ok gebi ec

[*T* ~eimd} wbt |e lkj{dikbpmk Jep|o Fepkb bjl |ob|) mc te) m| de{il t|pmfk b gmsk!bjl!

|bfk lkbi wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt eskp |ok fk} ~kjlmjg mtt{kt mj b dea~pkokjtmsk

abjjkp `} t|pb|kgmdbii} gmsmjg {~ m|t j{dikbp wkb~ejt ~pegpba |ope{go a{i|mt|bgkbd|mejt*

Kdejeamd Lkskie~akj|

\we fmjlt ec `kjkcm|t dbj `k ~{| cep|o bt |ok ~i{t tmlk ec Jep|o Fepkbt kdejeamd

pkcepat8 mjdpkbtkt mj ~pel{d|mej mj |ok bgpmd{i|{pbi bjl mjl{t|pmbi tkd|ept bjl b obi| |e

|ok geskpjakj|t lkcmdm| cmjbjdmjg ~pbd|mdkt* T|mii e|okp `kjkcm|t ec pkcepa bpk |ok

wmlkt~pkbl abpfk| amjl!tk| baejg |ok ~ke~ik bjl |okmp wmii |e wepf bt wkii bt |ok

mjdpkbtk mj ib`ep ~pel{d|msm|} /^bmf 0>>) 20) 07-* \opkk fmjlt ec det|t ec |ok

pkcepa ieea ibpgk) oewkskp8 omgo mjcib|mej) b omgo cepkmgj d{ppkjd} kxdobjgk pb|k)

bjl b gpewmjg mjdeak gb~ baejg |ok ~ke~ik* Aejk} |bift ab} `k }k| bje|okp det|ec pkcepa mj |ok k}kt ec Jep|o Fepkbt ikblkptom~*

\ok Jep|o Fepkbj ikblkptom~ mt fjewj |e obsk `kkj wkii bwbpk ec |ok det|t bjl

`kjkcm|t ec |ok pkcepa akbt{pkt |ok} mj|pel{dkl* Wob| obt |e `k ~emj|kl e{| mt |ob|

|ok pb|k ec mjcib|mej bjl |ok pb|k ec cepkmgj d{ppkjd} kxdobjgk mj Jep|o Fepkb im|kpbii}

tf}pedfk|kl cmpt|) `{| |ok} obsk `kkj teakwob| t|b`mimkl) bi`km| b| b skp} omgo ikski*

Ceel ~pmdkt bpk obpskt| tkjtm|msk |e teak kx|kj|*

\ok abhepm|} ec Jep|o Fepkbjt bpk t{cckpmjg cpea b wmlkjmjg ec |ok mjdeak gb~ mj

bllm|mej |e omgo mjcib|mej* Lmcckpkj|mb|mej bjl gb~t mj mjdeak baejg |ok ~ke~ik bjl |ok

pkgmejt obsk gpewj aepk smtm`ik tmjdk 2 H{i} 0>>0* \oetk woe wkpk kjgbgkl mj |ok`{tmjktt ec geelt lmt|pm`{|mej `kdbak aepk wkii!|e!le dea~bpkl wm|o e|okp

edd{~b|mejbi gpe{~t mj Jep|o Fepkb* Teak |pblkpt ablk o{gk ~pecm|t bjl wmlkjkl

|okmp `{tmjktt mj|e sbpme{t bpkbt) mjdi{lmjg aejk} ikjlmjg b| {t{pme{t pb|kt ec mj|kpkt|*

Cbpakpt bpk ejk ec |ok omgo!mjdeak gpe{~t mj Jep|o Fepkb `kdb{tk ec |ok lpbab|md

mjdpkbtk ec |ok tkiimjg ~pmdk ec pmdk tmjdk 2 H{i} 0>>0* Mj gkjkpbi) {p`bj cbd|ep} wepfkpt

obsk cbiikj smd|ma |e |ok jkgb|msk tmlk ec |ok kdejeamd pkcepa /^bmf 0>>< ) =20) 0>02-*

\ok Jep|o Fepkbj geskpjakj| b~~kbpt |e `k aepk dejdkpjkl b`e{| |ok jkgb|msk

tmlk ec |ok pkcepa akbt{pkt bjl b`e{| |ok tm|{b|mej kdeamjg kx|pkak bjl {jlkpamjmjg

|ok aepbik ec tedmbimt| imck mj Jep|o Fepkb* Jep|o Fepkbjt obsk pkdkj|i} `kdeak

aepk lk~kjlkj| ej aejk} |obj ej |okmp geskpjakj|) bjl jkgb|msk ~okjeakjb bpk|ok wmlkt~pkbl b||m|{lkt |ob| aejk} mt kskp}|omjg) aejk} dbj le bj}|omjg) bjl M

obsk |e t{psmsk kskj `} lkdkmsmjg e|okpt* \ok tkjtkt ec deiikd|msmta bjl tedmbimt|

kgbim|bpmbjmta obsk t{`t|bj|mbii} gmskj wb} |e mjlmsml{bi tkicmtojktt bdpett bii tedmbi

t|pb|b /^bmf 0>>>;) 4-*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

14/21

24 < [*T*Fepkb Bdblkamd T}a~etm{a

\ok Jep|o Fepkbj ikblkptom~ b~~kbpt |e k wkii bwbpk |ob|) cep kdejeamd lkskie~akj|)

Jep|o Fepkb obt |e ma~pesk m|t pkib|mejtom~ wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt* Bj ma~peskl

[*T*Jep|o Fepkb pkib|mejtom~ dbj toew |ob| |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt wmii je| ~pkskj| e|okp

de{j|pmkt cpea jepabimmjg pkib|mejt wm|o Jep|o Fepkb bjl cpea kx~bjlmjg |pblk)mjskt|akj|) bjl e|okp kdejeamd bd|msm|mkt wm|o Jep|o Fepkb*

Jep|o Fepkb[*T* Pkib|mejt

Cep Fma Hejg!mi) m| obt jkskp `kkj bj kbt} |btf |e bdomksk `e|o tkd{pm|} bjl kdejeamd

lkskie~akj| {jlkp |ok dmpd{at|bjdkt ec |ok oet|mik pkib|mejtom~ bjl kx|kjlkl j{dikbp

dejcpej|b|mej wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt* Lkt~m|k |ok mjdpkbtmjg |kjtmej bjl |opkb| |e

tkd{pm|} pkt{i|mjg cpea |ok @{to blamjmt|pb|mejt oet|mik ~eimd}) Jep|o Fepkb mj|pel{dkl

b lpbab|md) k~edo!abpfmjg) abpfk|!epmkj|kl pkcepa bjl e~kjmjg) je| wm|oe{| `kmjg

bwbpk |ob| pkcepa akbt{pkt we{il {jlkpamjk |ok kxmt|mjg tedmekdejeamd eplkp bjl

amgo| ~e|kj|mbii} ikbl |e mjt|b`mim|} bjl dobet mj Jep|o Fepkbj tedmk|}*

Mj e|okp weplt) Jep|o Fepkbt mj|pel{d|mej ec abpfk| kikakj|t mj H{i} 0>>0 b| b |mak

ec b okmgo|kjkl tkd{pm|} |opkb| cpea |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt wbt b dpm|mdbi doemdk |e {j|mk ep

lkimjf m|t kdejea} cpea tkd{pm|} b| ikbt| cep |ok |mak `kmjg mj eplkp |e kjobjdk m|t

leakt|md tkd{pm|} |ope{go `k||kp kdejeamd ~kpcepabjdk b| oeak* Wob| Fma Hejg!mi

kikd|kl |e le wbt ~peae|k bjl t|pkjg|okj leakt|md tkd{pm|} cmpt|) womdo ok |oe{go|

wbt ~ettm`ik {jlkp |ok dmpd{at|bjdkt) pb|okp |obj t|pkjg|okj kx|kpjbi jb|mejbi tkd{pm|})

womdo ok |oe{go| we{il `k aepk lmccmd{i| |e bddea~imto mj imgo| ec |ok dejcpej|b|mej

wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt /^bmf 0>>;) 3-*

Teak fjewiklgk ec |ok omt|epmdbi `bdfgpe{jl ec Fmat dpm|mdbi doemdk mt jkklkl mjeplkp |e {jlkpt|bjl m|t tmgjmcmdbjdk* M| mt je|kwep|o} |ob| Jep|o Fepkbt |e~ ~pmepm|}

obt `kkj ced{tkl ej kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj| tmjdk |ok aml!2==>t) wokj

m| kx~kpmkjdkl bj {j~pkdklkj|kl cbamjk* M| wbt |o{t jb|{pbi |ob| Jep|o Fepkb

blsedb|kl bjl ~{pt{kl b ~eimd} ec `{milmjg {~ b t|pejg bjl ~pet~kpe{t t|b|k kgmjjmjg

mj 2==? mj eplkp |e ckkl m|t ewj ~ke~ik bjl ~{pt{k kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj|*

M| mt bite je|kwep|o} |ob| Jep|o Fepkbt ~{pt{m| ec kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj|

bt |ok |e~ ~pmepm|} demjdmlkl wm|o |ok kjgbgkakj| ~eimd} ~{pt{kl `} |ok Dimj|ej

blamjmt|pb|mej bjl |ok Fma Lbk!h{jg geskpjakj|) womdo dbak |e ~ewkp mj 2==? bjl

ib{jdokl Te{|o Fepkbt T{jtomjk ^eimd}* Fma Lbk!h{jgt ~eimd} oki~kl |ok [jm|kl

T|b|kt tkk |ob| kjgbgmjg Jep|o Fepkb de{il `k `kjkcmdmbi cep ~peae|mjg m|t jb|mejbimj|kpkt|t /^bmf 0>>;) 37-*

Mj e|okp weplt) Jep|o Fepkb b| |ob| |mak wbt iktt dejdkpjkl |obj `kcepk b`e{| |ok

tkd{pm|} |opkb| deamjg cpea |ok e{|tmlk) bjl |omt kjb`ikl |ok Jep|o Fepkbj ikblkptom~

|e dejdkj|pb|k aepk ej kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj|* M| wbt dikbp |ob|

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

15/21

Jkw bpblmgat cep \pbjt~bdmc md Deiib`epb|mej 24;

bdomksmjg tkd{pm|} ec |ok leakt|md t}t|ka wbt aepk ma~ep|bj| cep Jep|o Fepkb |obj

dejdkj|pb|mjg m|t kjkpg} ej kx|kpjbi jb|mejbi tkd{pm|} mj |ok ~pktkjdk ec |ok iktt

dejcpej|b|mejbi geskpjakj|t mj |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl Te{|o Fepkb* Jep|o Fepkb

b~~kbpt |e obsk kimkskl |ob| tkd{pm|} |opkb|t deamjg cpea |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt de{il kikttkjkl bjl toe{il je| `k bj e`t|bdik ej |ok wb} |ewbpl kdejeamd lkskie~akj|

/^bmf 0>>;) 37-*

^pktmlkj| Gkepgk W* @{tot deamjg |e ~ewkp mj Hbj{bp} 0>>2 bjl omt ~{pt{m| ec bj

bj|mJep|o Fepkb ~eimd} |opkw deil wb|kp ej |ok lkskie~mjg pkib|mejtom~ `k|wkkj |ok

|we de{j|pmkt) abfmjg |ok |btf ec bdomksmjg jb|mejbi tkd{pm|} bgbmjt| kx|kpjbi |opkb|t

/mjdi{lmjg |ok oet|mik ~eimd} ec |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt- pkkakpgk bite bt |ok Jep|ot |e~

~eimd} ~pmepm|}* Jep|o Fepkb jew t{cckpkl gpkb|i} cpea bj {jcbsepb`ik mj|kpjb|mejbi

kjsmpejakj| |ob| we{il tkpme{ti} mjdb~bdm|b|k |ok Jep|o Fepkbj ikblkptom~t jkkl

cep kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj| /^bmf 0>>;) 37-*

L{pmjg |ok mjdpkbtmjg tkd{pm|} |opkb| cpea |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt) Jep|o Fepkb mj|pel{dkl

abpfk| kikakj|t mj H{i} 0>>0* \okpk wbt aepk |e |omt dpm|mdbi doemdk |obj akk|t |ok

k}k8 m| pkcikd|kl |ok Jep|o Fepkbj ikblkptom~t t|pb|kgmd doemdk ec lkimjfmjg |ok ~pmepm|}

ec bddea~imtomjg kdejeamd lkskie~akj| cpea |ob| ec bdomksmjg jb|mejbi tkd{pm|} mj

eplkp |e t|pkjg|okj leakt|md t}t|ka tkd{pm|}* M| wbt Jep|o Fepkbt b||ka~| |e ~pkka~|

bjl ecctk| |ok jkgb|msk mjci{kjdk ec |ok oet|mik [*T* ~eimd} ej leakt|md kdejeamd

~kpcepabjdk /^bmf 0>>;) 37-*

Jep|o Fepkb obt |bfkj |ok ~etm|mej |ob| m| jkklt tkd{pm|} btt{pbjdkt cpea |ok [jm|kl

T|b|kt mj eplkp |e cbdmim|b|k pkcepa cep kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj| bjl ma~pesk

pkib|mejt wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl Hb~bj* @{| Jep|o Fepkb cbdkl b tkpme{t tk|`bdfwokj) ewmjg |e |ok @{to blamjmt|pb|mejt ibdf ec {pgkjd} bjl ~eim|mdbi wmii |e pkteisk

|ok Jep|o Fepkbj j{dikbp mtt{k bt teej bt ~ettm`ik) m| wbt je| b`ik |e `kgmj pkbi

tkd{pm|} jkge|mb|mejt wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt* \ok cbd| |ob| |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt wbt

db{go| {~ mj m|t Mpbr Wbp wbt je le{`| ejk ec |ok pkbtejt cep m|t ~pedpbt|mjb|mej ej

|ok tmx!~bp|} |bift6 `{|) aepk ma~ep|bj|) |ok @{to blamjmt|pb|mejt `{ii}mjg ~et|{pk)

womdo dea~ik|ki} mgjepkl |ok mj|kpkt|t) mj|kj|mejt) bjl db~b`mim|mkt ec Jep|o Fepkb)

cbmikl |e aesk cepwbpl |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift bjl) |o{t) Jep|o Fepkbt t|pb|kg} ec b||bmjmjg

tkd{pm|} g{bpbj|kkt cpea |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt /^bmf 0>>;) 7?-*

Jep|o Fepkbt mjb`mim|} |e ma~ikakj| m|t t|pb|kg} wbt `btmdbii} pkt~ejtm`ik cep m|t

~pesedb|msk bjje{jdkakj| ej 2> Ck`p{bp} 0>>; /FDJB 0>>;- |ob| m| oblabj{cbd|{pkl j{dikbp wkb~ejt) |ob| m| mj|kjlkl |e kx~bjl m|t j{dikbp bptkjbi) bjl

|ob| m| we{il je| pk|{pj |e |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift {j|mi dkp|bmj dejlm|mejt wkpk ak| `} |ok

[jm|kl T|b|kt* \omt ecckjtmsk `} Jep|o Fepkb ~{| |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt ej |ok lkckjtmsk

`kdb{tk |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt lml je| obsk b ~pe`ika!teismjg t|pb|kg} ep kcckd|msk

de{j|kpakbt{pkt /^bmf 0>>;) ?-*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

16/21

24 3 [*T*Fepkb Bdblkamd T}a~etm{a

Jep|o Fepkbt 2> Ck`p{bp} 0>>; bjje{jdkakj| pkskbikl |ob| |ok [*T* ~eimd} cep

teismjg |ok Jep|o Fepkbj j{dikbp ~pe`ika obl |o{t cbp `kkj b cbmi{pk `kdb{tk |ok

~eimd} de{il je| ~pkskj| Jep|o Fepkb cpea gemjg j{dikbp* Te) bite) wbt Te{|o Fepkbt

~eimd}) womdo wbt mj imjk wm|o |ok [*T* ~eimd} |ope{go dietk biimbjdk dee~kpb|mej* \ok[jm|kl T|b|kt obl |e dej|pei ep abjbgk |omt dpmtmt) bjl m| c{ii} kx~iem|kl Te{|o Fepkbt

db~bdm|} |e `pmjg Jep|o Fepkb `bdf |e |ok jkge|mb|mjg |b`ik* Te{|o Fepkb t{ddkttc{ii}

ablk bj bii!e{| kccep| |e `pmjg Jep|o Fepkb `bdf |e |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift `} kskj obt|mi}

~peamtmjg |e ~pesmlk Jep|o Fepkb wm|o 0)>>> akgbwb||t ec kikd|pmdm|}kxbd|i} |ok

tbak bae{j| ec kjkpg} |ok 2==< Bgpkkl Cpbakwepf obl ~peamtkl |e lkimskp `}

`{milmjg imgo|!wb|kp pkbd|ept cep Jep|o Fepkb*

@e|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl Jep|o Fepkb obl b t|bfk mj |ok t{ddktt ec |ok tmx!~bp|}

|bift* Mc |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift cbmikl) m| we{il k ma~ettm`ik cep e|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt bjl

Jep|o Fepkb |e bdomksk |okmp c{jlbakj|bi ~eimd} gebit|ok lkj{dikbpmb|mej ec |ok

Fepkbj ~kjmjt{ib bjl jej~peimckpb|mej ec wkb~ejt ec abtt lkt|p{d|mej cep |ok [jm|klT|b|kt) bjl tkd{pm|} btt{pbjdkt bjl jepabimb|mej ec pkib|mejt wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt

bjl Hb~bj bjl kdejeamd dee~kpb|mej cep Jep|o Fepkb* \okpkcepk) |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt

bjl Jep|o Fepkb de{il pkbdo b dea~peamtk tei{|mej bt kx~pkttkl mj |ok tmx!jb|mej

hemj| t|b|kakj| b| |ok ce{p|o pe{jl ec |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift mj @kmhmjg*

Lkt~m|k |ok bgpkkl ~eimd} gebit |ob| |ok hemj| t|b|kakj| tk|t cep|o) |ok ma~ikakj|b|mej

ec |ok hemj| t|b|kakj| mt d{ppkj|i} b| b t|bjlt|mii* \ok [jm|kl T|b|kt pbmtkl |ok jkw

mtt{k ec Jep|o Fepkbt miikgbi bd|msm|mkt t{do bt de{j|kpckm|mjg bjl aejk} ib{jlkpmjg)

bdd{tkl Jep|o Fepkb ec `kmjg b dpmamjbi t|b|k) bjl b~~imkl kdejeamd tbjd|mejt

bgbmjt| Jep|o Fepkb* Jep|o Fepkb de{j|kpkl |oktk [*T* bd|mejt `} lkdmlmjg je| |e

pk|{pj |e |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift {j|mi |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt imc|t m|t tbjd|mejt* Bii |omt mjlmdb|kt|ob| |ok ma~ikakj|b|mej ec |ok hemj| t|b|kakj| wmii `k b |mak!dejt{amjg bjl dea~ikx

~pedktt*

S* Jkw \omjfmjg

Wk obsk pksmkwkl Jep|o Fepkbt ce{p dpm|mdbi doemdkt cep t{psmsbi) ablk |e akk| |ok

dobiikjgkt ec |ok |makt l{pmjg |ok ~bt| 2; }kbpt ep te tmjdk |ok deiib~tk ec |ok Tesmk|

[jmej* Wk obsk bite mlkj|mcmkl |ok dobjgmjg ~ewkp pkib|mejt) eccmdmbi mlkeiegmkt) bjl

~eimd} doemdkt baejg |ok ~bp|}) |ok t|b|k) bjl |ok amim|bp}) womdo obsk pkcikd|kl |ok

kccep| ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj ikblkptom~ |e t|pkjg|okj jb|mejbi tkd{pm|} bjl bdomksk

kdejeamd lkskie~akj|* Wk obsk ce{jl |ob| |ok amim|bp} bjl |ok t|b|k obsk ~ib}kl

aepk tmgjmcmdbj| bjl ~ewkpc{i peikt |obj |ok ~bp|}) kskj |oe{go |ok ~bp|} obt t|mii

~ib}kl bj ma~ep|bj| peik mj t{~~ep|mjg |ok abttmsk mlkeiegmdbi mjled|pmjb|mej ec |ok

Jep|o Fepkbj ~ke~ik mj eplkp |e t{t|bmj |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka l{pmjg lmccmd{i|

|makt* Wk obsk bite lmtd{ttkl Jep|o Fepkbt t|pb|kgmkt |e bdomksk tkd{pm|} ec |ok

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

17/21

Jkw bpblmgat cep \pbjt~bdmc md Deiib`epb|mej 247

jb|mej) ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka) bjl cep kdejeamd t{psmsbi |ope{go pkcepa bjl

e~kjmjg {jlkp lmccmd{i| dejlm|mejt `e|o b| oeak bjl b`pebl*

\ok ce{p dpm|mdbi doemdkt) |ok dobjgmjg ~ewkp pkib|mejt baejg |ok fk} oeilkpt ec~ewkp) bjl |ok t|pb|kgmkt cep bdomksmjg jb|mejbi tkd{pm|} bjl kdejeamd pkcepa obsk

dea`mjkl |e ~pel{dk b Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka |ob| dbj `k lktdpm`kl bt eskpieblkl

bjl tkd{ibpmkl* M| mt eskpieblkl wm|o |ok |we sm|bi |btft ec bdomksmjg jb|mejbi tkd{pm|}

bjl kdejeamd lkskie~akj|* Aepk t{`t|bj|mski}) oewkskp) |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka

|elb} de{il `k r{bimcmkl `} |ok dejdk~| ec tkd{ibpmb|mej) |we mjlmdb|ept ec womdo bpk

amim|bp}!cmpt| ~eim|mdt bjl ~pbd|mdbi!gbmj tedmbimta /^bmf 0>>;) =-*

Amim|bp} Cmpt|

\ok lk cbd|eje| }k| lk h{pk~pkdklkjdk ec |ok amim|bp} eskp |ok ~bp|} bjl |ok

e|okp ~ewkp b~~bpb|{tkt dbj k pkgbplkl bt b tmgj ec |ok pkbflewj ec |ok ep|oelextedmbimt| ~eim|mdt mj Jep|o Fepkb) wokpk |ok ~bp|} |pblm|mejbii} |eef ~pmepm|} eskp |ok

amim|bp}* \ok amim|bp}t ~pmepm|} bddeaaelb|kt pkbim|mkt mj |kpat ec |ok dobjgk mj ~ewkp

bjl ~ewkp pkib|mejt*

Jep|o Fepkb blsedb|kl m|t amim|bp}!cmpt| ~eim|mdt bjl m|t `{milmjg {~ ec b t|pejg bjl

~pet~kpe{t t|b|k bt |we abmjt|b}t ec ~eim|mdbi t|b`mim|} baml b seib|mik bjl lkt|b`mimmjg

b|aet~okpk `pe{go| b`e{| `} bj|mJep|o Fepkb ~eimd} ej |ok ~bp| ec |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt

bjl m|t ewj kdejeamd cbmi{pk iejg `kcepk |ok tkdejl j{dikbp dpmtmt bjl m|t mj|pel{d|mej

ec kdejeamd pkcepat mj aml!0>>0*

Jep|o Fepkbt amim|bp}!cmpt| ~eim|mdt) tmjdk m|t mj|pel{d|mej mj 2==;) obt kxkp|kl kjepae{tmlkeiegmdbi bjl ~pbd|mdbi ~ewkp eskp |ok woeik t}t|ka* \ok amim|bp} obt pk~ibdkl |ok

wepfkpt bt |ok ~pmak cepdk ec tedmbimt| pksei{|mej /Fma D* 0>>>) 4>42) 47-) bjl |ok

amim|bp}!cmpt| mlkb obt ~pbd|mdbii} |bfkj |ok ~ibdk ec |okh{dok mlkeieg} bt |ok eccmdmbi

g{mlmjg ~pmjdm~ik bjl tiegbj mj Jep|o Fepkb |elb}*

Tedmbimta Pklkcmjkl

\ok e|okp tmgj ec |ok tkd{ibpmb|mej ec Jep|o Fepkbj ~eim|mdt mt ~pbd|mdbi!gbmj) ep pkbi!

gbmj) tedmbimta) womdo obt pkt{i|kl mj |ok lkdimjk ec |okh{dok mlkeieg} bt |ok ep|oelex

p{imjg mlkeieg} ec Jep|o Fepkb* D{ppkj|i}) ~pbd|mdbi!gbmj tedmbimta bjl |ok ~pbd|mdbi!

gbmj amjl!tk| ~pksbmi mj |ok geskpjakj|t kdejeamd ~eimd} bjl |ok lbmi} imskt ec Jep|oFepkbjt6 |omt mt mj bllm|mej |e |ok amim|bp}!cmpt| mlkb blsedb|kl } |ok ikblkptom~*H{dok

ka~obtmkt mjlk~kjlkjdk bjl tkic!pkimbjdk) `{| ~pbd|mdbi!gbmj tedmbimta dejtdme{ti}

ep {jdejtdme{ti} ka~obtmkt |ok ma~ep|bjdk ec mj|kpbd|mjg bjl dee~kpb|mjg wm|o |ok

e{|tmlk wepil cep kdejeamd `kjkcm|t* Jep|o Fepkbj tedmk|} b~~kbpt |e obsk `kdeak

a{do aepk tkd{ibpmkl pkdkj|i} /^bmf 0>>;) =-*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

18/21

24 ? [*T*Fepkb Bdblkamd T}a~etm{a

Wob| wmii `k |ok abmj mlkeieg} |ob| oeilt ~ke~ik |egk|okp l{pmjg |ok ~pedktt ec

tkd{ibpmb|mej mj Jep|o Fepkb5H{dok mt {jle{`|kli} ka`kllkl mj |ok d{ppkj| amim|bp}!

cmpt| mlkeieg}) `{|h{dok m|tkic mt je| ka~obtmkl bt kx~imdm|i} bt `kcepk* Jep|o Fepkb

bpg{kt |ob| |ok amim|bp}!cmpt| mlkb pk~pktkj|t |ok jkw omgokp t|bgk ec |ok h{dokmlkb* Fma Hejg!mi mt ib{lkl bt |ok ce{jlkp ec |ok amim|bp}!cmpt| mlkb) bjl |ok amim|bp}!

cmpt| mlkeieg} mt mjsefkl bt |ok eccmdmbi p{imjg mlkeieg} ec Jep|o Fepkb* \ok mlkb ec

~pbd|mdbi!gbmj tedmbimta obt aepk |e le wm|o oew |e abfk kdejeamd pkcepa bjl

~kpcepabjdk b t{ddktt /^bmf 0>>;) 2>-*

Gkjkpb|mejbi Dobjgk

Tmjdk 0>>< Jep|o Fepkb obt wm|jkttkl b dobjgk ec gkjkpb|mejt mj |ok ma~ep|bj|

~etm|mejt mj geskpjakj|) mj |ok amim|bp}) bjl mj mjl{t|p}* ]e{jgkp dblpkt bjl eccmdmbit mj

|okmp t bjl ;>t obsk `kkj ~et|kl |e ~bp|}) geskpjakj|) amim|bp} ~etm|mejt |ob| {j|mi

pkdkj|i} obl `kkj okil `} |ok eil g{bpl* \omt dobjgk obt `kkj aet| pkabpfb`ik mjmjl{t|p}* Aet| abjbgkpt ec dea~bjmkt bjl kj|kp~pmtkt bpk jew mj |okmp 4>t bjl t*

Fma Hejg!mi b~~kbpt |e obsk |bfkj {~ |ok pkmjt ec |ok ~bp|}) geskpjakj|) amim|bp}) bjl

mjl{t|p} mj eplkp |e gbiie~ |ewbpl omt ~eimd} gebit pkgbpliktt ec e`t|bdikt /^bmf 0>>;) 22-*

SM* ^pet~kd|t bjl Ma~imdb|mejt

Wob| bpk |ok ~pet~kd|t bjl ma~imdb|mejt cep |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka5 Wob| mt dp{dmbi

mc |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka mt |e t{t|bmj m|tkic5 Cmpt|) ~eim|mdbi t|b`mim|}* Fma Hejg!mi mt

je le{`| cmpai} mj dej|pei) bjl Jep|o Fepkb mt kjhe}mjg ~eim|mdbi t|b`mim|}* \ok ~bp|}) |ok

t|b|k) bjl |ok amim|bp} bpk ie}bi |e Fma Hejg!mi bjl omt ~eimdmkt* Fma Hejg!mi bt |ok

t{~pkak ikblkp bjl bt gkjkpbi tkdpk|bp} ec |ok FW^) dobmpabj ec |ok JLD) bjl

deaabjlkp mj domkc ec |ok F^B b~~kbpt |e obsk dea~k|kj|i} bddeaaelb|kl) bibjdkl)

bjl dej|peiikl fk} oeilkpt ec ~ewkp |e ~pel{dk dea~peamtk tei{|mejt) |e ae`mimk

|oka) bjl |e pk|bmj |okmp ie}bi|} bjl dea~imbjdk /^bmf 0>>;) 2>-*

Fma Hejg!mi dejt|bj|i} cbdkt |ok jbggmjg r{kt|mej ec oew |e t|pkjg|okj |ok ikgm|mabd}

ec |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka bjl oew |e ~pesk omt b`mim|} bt |ok t{~pkak ikblkp {jlkp

|ok d{ppkj| dmpd{at|bjdkt mj womdo ok mt tr{kkkl k|wkkj |ok leakt|md lkabjl cep

`k||kp kdejeamd ~kpcepabjdk bjl |ok kx|kpjbi lkabjl cep teismjg |ok j{dikbp ~pe`ika)

mj ~bp|md{ibp* \e ~pesk omatkic b ikblkp) ok a{t| ~kpcepa mj teak dpm|mdbi bpkbt8 dejsmjdk

|ok ~ke~ik |e dea~i} wm|o |ok ikblkptom~t jkw ~eimd} doemdkt) cikxm`i} bjl taee|oi}

bddeaaelb|k |e |ok dobjgkt bjl lkskie~akj|t mjtmlk bjl e{|tmlk Jep|o Fepkb)

~pebd|mski} lkbi wm|o e{|t|bjlmjg tkd{pm|} bjl mj|kpjb|mejbi mtt{kt mjdi{lmjg |ok j{dikbp

mtt{k) bjl ~pesmlk lbmi} jkdkttm|mkt cep |ok ~ke~ik bjl bdomksk abdpekdejeamd gebit

/^bmf 0>>;) 2>-*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

19/21

Jkw bpblmgat cep \pbjt~bdmc md Deiib`epb|mej 24=

Mc Jep|o Fepkb obt b dobjdk ec t{ddktt mj m|t kdejeamd pkcepa bjl e~kjmjg ~eimd}

bjl mj j{dikbp pktei{|mej wm|o |ok [jm|kl T|b|kt) m| ewkt a{do |e Fma Hejg!mit ~pesmtmej

ec b t|b`ik ~eim|mdbi ikblkptom~ wm|o je pmsbit dobiikjgmjg oma* M| mt je|kwep|o} |ob| Fma

Hejg!mi bt b ikblkp obt `kkj cikxm`ik bjl dea~k|kj| kje{go mj bddeaaelb|mjg jkwmlkbt bjl ~eimd} doemdkt) bt wbt lkaejt|pb|kl mj |ok mj|pel{d|mej ec kdejeamd pkcepa

akbt{pkt mj 0>>0 bjl mj |ok hemj| t|b|kakj| cep j{dikbp pktei{|mej ej |ok Fepkbj

~kjmjt{ib b| |ok ce{p|o pe{jl ec |ok tmx!~bp|} |bift /^bmf 0>>;) 22-*

Mj |ok iejg p{j) |okpk wmii {jle{`|kli} `k b |mak wokj |ok b`mim|} ec Fma Hejg!mi bjl

Jep|o Fepkbt t}t|ka wmii `k |kt|kl mj |kpat ec abmj|bmjmjg ~eim|mdbi t|b`mim|} bjl

tma{i|bjke{ti} bddeaaelb|mjg aepk im`kpbimkl ~eim|mdbi lkabjlt* Wob| mt biaet|

dkp|bmj) oewkskp) mt |ob| |ok c{|{pk Jep|o Fepkbj ikblkptom~ bjl |ok t}t|ka wmii `k

aepk pkt~ejtmsk |e bjl bdde{j|b`ik cep |ok jkklt ec |ok ~ke~ik) ~bp|md{ibpi} |okmp

kdejeamd jkklt /^bmf 0>>;) 22-*

Jep|o Fepkbt ikblkptom~ obt mjm|mb|kl b pkgmak |pbjtcepab|mej `btkl ej abpfk|!epmkj|kl kdejeamd pkcepa* \ob| |ok ikblkptom~ tkkt |omt bt b smb`ik e~|mej cep |ok

de{j|p}t t{psmsbi bjl lkskie~akj| kjb`ikt {t |e ~pklmd| |ob| |ok Jep|o Fepkbj t}t|ka

wmii t{psmsk cep |ok dejdkmsb`ik c{|{pk* M| wmii `k ec a{do `kjkcm| cep bii ec {t |e

kjde{pbgk Jep|o Fepkb |e ge lewj |ok pebl |ewbpl bje|okp dpm|mdbi doemdk8 bj

kx~bjlkl bjl lkk~kjkl pkcepa bjl e~kjmjg* B cbm|oc{i ma~ikakj|b|mej ec |ok tmx!

jb|mej hemj| t|b|kakj| wmii `k pkr{mpkl cep ~pesmlmjg Jep|o Fepkb wm|o b cbsepb`ik

~eim|mdbi bjl tkd{pm|} cpbakwepf cep kdejeamd pkdeskp} bjl lkskie~akj| bjl cep

~kbdk) t|b`mim|}) bjl ~pet~kpm|} ej |ok Fepkbj ~kjmjt{ib bjl mj Jep|okbt| Btmb*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

20/21

2< > [*T*Fepkb Bdblkamd T}a~etm{a

PKCKPKJDKT

Bi`pmgo|) Ablkikmjk F* 0>>>b* pktt Dejckpkjdk) Fep}e Oe|ki* }ejg}bjg* 0< Ed|e`kp* o||~8%

%tkdpk|bp}*t|b|k*ges%www%t|b|kakj|t%0>>>%>>2>0>>`* Pkabpft bjl R{kt|mej bjl Bjtwkp Tkttmej b| Jb|mejbi ^pktt Di{`* Wbtomjg!|ej) L*D*8 [*T* Lk~bp|akj| ec T|b|k* 0 Jeska`kp* o||~8%%tkdpk|bp}*t|b|k*ges%www%

t|b|kakj|t%0>>>%>>22>0b*o|ai*

* 0>>>d* Pkabpft ej |ok Eddbtmej ec |ok Smtm| ec Omt Kxdkiikjd} Smdk Abptobi He A}ejg

Pef* Wbtomjg|ej) L*D*8 [*T* Lk~bp|akj| ec T|b|k* 2> Ed|e`kp* o||~8%%

tkdpk|bp}*t|b|k*ges%www%t|b|kakj|t%0>>>%>>2>2>*o|ai*

* 0>>>l* \ebt| b| Lmjjkp Oet|kl } Dobmpabj Fma Hejg Mi* }ejg}bjg* 04 Ed|e`kp*

o||~8%%tkdpk|bp}*t|b|k*ges%www%t|b|kakj|t%0>>>%>>2>04b*o|ai*

@peefmjgt /@peefmjgt Mjt|m|{|mej-* 0>>>22;*~lc*

DPD /Doetej Pelejglbjg Do{i~bjtb-* 0>>>0* Dpkb|mej bjl Pkcepa cep Kdejeamd Pkob`mim|b|mej8 B C{ii!

Tdbik Kdejeamd Abjbgkakj| Pkcepa Vmj FepkbjQ* 03 H{i}*

LET /Lk~bp|akj| ec T|b|k-* 0>>>* [*T*!L*^*P*F Hemj| Deaa{jmr{* 20 Ed|e`kp*

www*bpatdej|pei*epg%Kskj|t%deaamr{k*bt~*

M\C /Mjlk~kjlkj| \btf Cepdk ej Abjbgmjg Dobjgk ej |ok Fepkbj kjmjt{ib-* 0>>2* Ik||kp |e

^pktmlkj| Gkepgk W* @{to* 00 Abpdo* o||~8%%www*dbpjkgmkkjlewakj|*epg%j~~%

dcpik||kpfepkb*dca*

He) A}ejg!pef* 0>>>* T~kkdo b| bjr{k| oet|kl } Tkdpk|bp} ec T|b|k Ablkikmjk Bi`pmgo|* 2>

Ed|e`kp*

FDJB /Fepkbj Dkj|pbi Jkwt Bgkjd}^}ejg}bjg-* 0>>0* L^PF!Hb~bj ^}ejg}bjg Lkdibpb!

|mej* 27 Tk~|ka`kp* o||~8%%www2*fepkb!j~*de*h~%~f%2?>0>=2?>2*o|a*

* 0>>;* L^PF Amjmt|p} ec Cepkmgj Bccbmpt T|b|kakj|* 2> Ck`p{bp}* o||~8%%jkwt*``d*de*{f%

0%om%btmb!~bdmcmd%>>* Fma Hejg Mi Dobjgg{j{m Tejg{j Doejgdom VAmim|bp}!cmpt| ~eim|mdt

ec Gkjkpbi Fma Hejg MiQ* ^}ejg}bjg8 ^}ejg}bjg Do{i~bjtb*

Fma) Hejg!mi* 2==7* Mjamjlbkh{jgh{jgtma{m [pmtmf Tboekh{{mj{j mit{jg`{i~bkmlb VE{p t|}ik

abtt!dkj|kpkl tedmbimta mt smd|epme{t bjl mjsmjdm`ikQ* MjFma Hejg Mi8 Tkikd|kl Wepft*Sei* 22* ^}ejg}bjg8 Doetej Pelejglbjg Do{i~bjtb*

8/3/2019 Changing Dynamics of the North Korean System by Paik Haksoon

21/21

Jkw bpblmgat cep \pbjt~bdmc md Deiib`epb|mej 2t* Mj \ok

^eim|mdbi Kdejea} ec Fepkbj [jmcmdb|mej8 Bgkjlb pk~bpb|mej)kl* ]bjg [j!Do{i*

T{jgjba8 Tkhejg Mjt|m|{|k*

* 0>>2*Jep|o Fepkbt E~kjmjg bjl Pkcepa bjl ^pet~kd|t cep Lk!tedmbimb|mej Vmj

FepkbjQ* T{jgjba8 Tkhejg Mjt|m|{|k*

* 0>>4* \ok Smk|jbaktk Kx~kpmkjdk ec Pkcepa bjl E~kjmjg bjl Jep|o Fepkbt Doemdk

Vmj FepkbjQ* T{jgjba8 Tkhejg Mjt|m|{|k*

* 0>>>>>;* Jep|o Fepkb \elb}8 ^eim|mdt Eskpieblkl bjl Tkd{ibpmkl* ^b~kp ~pktkj|kl b||ok dejckpkjdk) Jep|o Fepkb 0>>; bjl @k}ejl) oet|kl } |ok Btmb!^bdmcmd Pk!

tkbpdo Dkj|kp ec |ok T|bjcepl Mjt|m|{|k cep Mj|kpjb|mejbi T|{lmkt) T|bjcepl [jmskp!

tm|}) 0307 Ab}*

Wbi|) Fkjjk|o J* 2=7=* \okepmkt ec Mj|kpjb|mejbi ^eim|mdt* Jkw ]epf8 Pbjlea Oe{tk*