Changing Old Industrial Areas into Attractive Living Environments

Presentation by

John Bury

Glasgow City Council13th September 2005

Tallinn City Vision Conference

• Historical Context

• Glasgow Today

• Early Regeneration Initiatives

• Current Projects

• Wider Issues

• Summary

Historical Context

• Glasgow was described as the Second City of the British Empire.

• Prosperity grew around Mercantile and Engineering and Maritime activities.

• City reached peak industrial production in 1900.

• In 1914, the City produced:

– 71% of the worlds Locomotives, and

– 18% of world shipping.

• Population peaked at 1.1 million in 1939

Historical Context

Clydeside Shipbuilding – 1950s

Historical Context

Cowlairs Locomotive Works – 1920s

Historical Context

Engineering works, Bridgeton

Historical Context

Legacy

The decline in Heavy Engineering and Manufacturing has had a profound impact on the City’s Economy and left a legacy of:

• High Unemployment

• Extensive areas of Vacant or Derelict Land

• Land contaminated from previous industrial use.

• Poor Living Conditions

Historical Context

Derelict Land, Dalmarnock

Historical Context

Derelict Industrial Site

Historical Context

Poor Housing Conditions, Anderston - 1961

Historical Context

Glasgow Today

• 4th largest City in the UK

• 12% of Scottish population (600,000; 1.2 million in wider metropolitan area)

• 17% of Scottish employment

• 16% of Scottish non domestic rates

• €2.8b private sector investment completed or under construction 2004/05

• Another €2.0b worth of investment in the pipeline

Glasgow Today

• largest retail centre outside of London

• third largest centre of HE/FE education in the UK

• largest centre of public transport outside of London

• recently voted third best business centre in Europe

Glasgow Today

Vacant & Derelict Land1313ha

Motorway NetworkProposed Motorway

Glasgow TodayVacant & Derelict Land 2005

• 7.5% (1313ha) of Glasgow’s land area is currently classified as vacant or derelict.

• Significant investment by public and private sector has led to a reduction in the area of Vacant and Derelict Land.

• 1996 – 1,620 Hectares• 2005 – 1,313 Hectares

• About 10% of this land (130ha) is potentially contaminated from previous uses.

• 37.24ha previously industrial use is now proposed for residential use, much lower than in the 1980’s

Vacant and Derelict Land

Glasgow Today

Ground Conditions

• About 10% of City’s Vacant and Derelict land potentially contaminated.

• €4.4m budget to treat contaminated land.

• Significant parts of the City affected by old mine workings.

• Over 900 recorded mineshafts within the City.

• Central Government Tax Breaks for decontaminating Land.

Glasgow Today

Employment Structure in Glasgow 1952 - 2010

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Year

Em

plo

ym

en

t

Service Sector Employment

Manufacturing Employment

1952 1963 1968 1973 1976 1983 1991 1997 2002 2010

Glasgow Today

Employment by Sector 1952

266,167

292,944

Manufacturing

Non-Manufacturing

Employment by Sector 2002

372,000

27,100

Manufacturing

Non-Manufacturing

Glasgow Today

-10,000 -5,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

Change in employment

Utilities

Manufacturing

Construction

Retail, Catering

Financial Services

Public Services

Other Services

Employment Forecasts for Glasgow 2002 - 2010

Glasgow Today

Early Regeneration

GEAR

Motorway NetworkProposed Motorway

Maryhill Corridor

Early RegenerationHousing Led Regeneration

• Multi Agency Partnership 1976 – 1987

• Largest Urban Regeneration Project in Europe

• Established to address accute problems of

– Economic Decline

– Social Deprivation

– Environmental Decay

• Project delivered:-

– 4000 new jobs

– 3000 new homes

• Total spend €9.1 Billion

G.E.A.R. (Glasgow Eastern Area Renewal)

Early Regeneration

GEAR - Clydebridge Steelworks 1950

Early Regeneration

GEAR – Calton 1970s

Early Regeneration

• Maryhill Corridor Project 1978 – 1987

• Joint City Council/Regional Council Project

• Established to address:

– Social

– Economic

– Environmental Conditions

Early RegenerationMaryhill Corridor

Maryhill Road – 1960s

Early Regeneration

Maryhill Road Regeneration

Early Regeneration

Maryhill Road Regeneration

Early Regeneration

Current Projects

Current ProjectsPolicy Framework Set:• Metropolitan Vision (2003)• Glasgow and Clyde Valley Structure Plan (2002)• Glasgow City Plan (2003)

• Masterplans

Providing certainty and promoting confidence

Partnership Project between City Council and Scottish Enterprise Glasgow.

Project identified in 1995 to:-

Promote the re-use of former industrial sites or previous housing sites for residential development.

At June 2005

– Public Sector Investment €120m

– Private Sector Investment €255m

– Delivered 4,032 residential units on 115 Hectares of brownfield land.

Current ProjectsBrownfield Sites for Housing

Brownfield Sites Delivered - Graham Square

Current Projects

Housing Completions in Glasgow average 3,200 units per annum.

Between 1995 and 2005

• 13% of Residential Units were developed on sites previously used for industry.(6,509/48,683)

• 11% of the Land developed was previously used for industry.(108/944 Hectares)

• Residential developments on past Industrial sites tend to be to a higher density.

Residential Development

Current Projects

New Housing on Industrial Site, Partick

Current Projects

Clyde Waterfront

Current Projects: Clyde WaterfrontMotorway NetworkProposed Motorway

• regeneration strategy • world class quality waterfront buildings / public spaces• new transport mode to link residential, commercial, and leisure uses • action being taken to address riverbank and flooding issues• €110m public sector investment • €1.8b private sector investment has planning approval or is on site

Clyde WaterfrontGlasgow HarbourSECC CampusPacific QuayBroomielawTradeston

Current Projects: Clyde Waterfront

Meadowside – 1930s

Current Projects: Clyde Waterfront

Meadowside Granaries

Current Projects: Clyde Waterfront

Site Preperation, Meadowside

Current Projects: Clyde Waterfront

New Housing, Glasgow Harbour

Current Projects: Clyde Waterfront

Finnieston Street – 1950s Finnieston Street - today

Current Projects: Clyde Waterfront

New Housing, Gorbals

Current Projects: Clyde Waterfront

Housing Opportunity - Tradeston Proposed Housing - Tradeston

Current Projects: Clyde Waterfront

Museum of Transport – Artist’s Impression Scottish Exhibition & Conference Centre Campus Masterplan - Artist’s Impression

Current Projects: Clyde Waterfront

Riverside Dining River Festival

Current Projects: Clyde Waterfront

Proposed New Translink System

Current Projects: Clyde Waterfront

Clyde Gateway

Current Projects: Clyde GatewayMotorway NetworkProposed Motorway

• Multi Agency project identified in 2003

• Project covers 830ha of the City’s East End

• Project aims to deliver:– 21,000 jobs– 10,000 new homes– 400,000 sq m of industrial & business space– Remediation of 350ha of derelict or contaminated land

• Total investment of €2.8 billion over 25 year period

Current Projects: Clyde Gateway

Dalmarnock – 1950s

Current Projects: Clyde Gateway

Clyde Gateway – Dalmarnock Masterplan

Current Projects: Clyde Gateway

Proposed Housing Proposed National Indoor Sports Arena

Current Projects: Clyde Gateway

M74 Completion - Linking M74 to M8M74 Completion – Artist’s Impression

Current Projects: Clyde Gateway

Canal Project

Current Projects: CanalMotorway NetworkProposed Motorway

Current Projects: Canal• Joint venture with British Waterways and ISIS

• 15 year project to secure economic, social and environmental regeneration of communities adjacent to the Canal

• Project aims to treat 100ha of vacant and derelict land along the length of the Canal

Spiers Wharf – 1980s Spiers Wharf - today

Current Projects: Canal

Current Projects: Canal

Canalside Opportunities

Current Projects: Canal

Canal Masterplan Proposals

Wider Issues

• 83% of Glasgow’s Housing Land Supply suffers from water or sewer constraints

• Glasgow’s Strategic Drainage Plan proposes to :

– Remove Development Constraints

– Reduce Flood Risk

– Improve Water Quality

– Improve Watercourse Habitat

– Integrate and Optimise Investment

Water & Sewer Infrastructure Capacity

Bell Street Housing Conversion

Retaining Historic Buildings

Luma Building Housing Conversion

Retaining Historic Buildings

Templeton Carpet Factory Housing Conversion

Retaining Historic Buildings

Public Art - Gorbals

New Gorbals HousingPublic Art - Gorbals

Public Art - Dalmarnock Bridge

Quality Design

Building Design – Homes For The Future

George Square BannersLighting Strategy – Anniesland Tower

Building Design – Homes For The Future

Quality Design

Social Inclusion

Vocational Training Apprentice

Mixed Tenure Housing – Graham Square

New Nursery Facilities

Housing Site: Former Glassworks

Industrial Heritage

• Maintain momentum

• Legacy of vacant land

• Infrastructure and ground conditions

• Design quality

SummaryContinuing Challenges

• 30 years of regeneration

• Established new housing markets

• Transformed industrial areas into residential environments

• Created new communities

• Stabilised population

• Assisted economic growth

SummaryKey Achievements

Changing Old Industrial Areas into Attractive Living Environments

Presentation by

John Bury

Glasgow City Council13th September 2005

Tallinn City Vision Conference