Chap 15: Environmental Concerns: Wastes and Pollution

Instructors name

Semester, 200_

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Chapter Objectives• Define the terms environment,

ecology, and biosphere.

• Explain how human activities affect the environment through the production of wastes and residues.

• Name the primary sources of solid wastes.

• List and briefly explain the four approaches to solid waste management.

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Chapter Objectives• Define hazardous wastes.

• Explain the difference between sanitary and secured landfills.

• Identify the five approaches to hazardous waste management.

• Explain what is meant by the term Superfund.

• Explain the Pollution Standard Index (PSI).

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Chapter Objectives• Briefly describe acid rain, ozone

layer, global warming, and photochemical smog.

• Identify the major indoor air pollutants.

• Explain the difference in point source and nonpoint source pollution.

• Identify the categories of water pollution.

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Chapter Objectives• Briefly describe waste water

treatment.

• List means of conserving water.

• Name the primary sources of radiation.

• Explain how nuclear wastes are handled in the United States.

• Identify the two basic characteristics of sound.

• Identify steps to reduce problems associated with noise pollution.

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Introduction to Environment• External conditions, circumstances,

and influences surrounding and affecting the growth and development of an organism or a community of organisms.

• Ecology

• Biosphere

Chap 15: Wastes and PollutionNatural Environmental Hazards• Natural hazards

• Biology hazards

– Insect– Microbiological– Vegetation

• Psychological hazards

– Stress– Boredom– Anxiety

• Sociological hazards

– Overcrowding– Isolation– Anomie

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Residues & Wastes from Humans• Factors contributing

– urbanization– industrialization– human population growth– production and use of disposable products

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Types of Wastes and Pollution• Solid wastes

• Hazardous Waste

• Water and its pollution

• Radiation

• Noise pollution

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Solid Waste• Sources of solid waste

– agriculture– mining– industry– municipalities– utilities

• Decomposing waste

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Sources of Waste

utilitiesindustry

household

mining

agriculture

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Solid Waste• Solid wastes management

– collection – disposal

• sanitary landfills• incineration• recycling• source reduction

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Hazardous WasteA product that may

1.cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serous irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness, or

2. Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed.

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Hazardous Waste• Management

– Secured landfill - least expensive– Deep well injection– Incineration of Hazardous waste– Hazardous Waste Recycling and

Neutralization– Source Reduction

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Hazardous Waste• Cleanup

• Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

• Superfund

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Air Pollution• Contaminants of

Outdoor Air– transportation– electric power

plants– industry - mills &

refineries

• National Ambient Air Quality Standards

• Pollutant Standard Index

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Special Concerns with Outdoor Air• Acid Rain

• Destruction of the Ozone Layer– chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

• Global Warming– greenhouse gases– greenhouse effect

• Photochemical Smog– thermal inversion

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Indoor Air• Indoor Air Pollutants

– asbestos– formaldehyde– radon– environmental tobacco smoke– volatile organic compounds

• Air Quality and Conservation– sick building syndrome– ventilation– testing

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Water Pollution• Sources of water

• Treatment of water for use– coagulation and flocculation– sedimentation– filtration– disinfection

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Sources of Water Pollution• Point source

pollution - single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the water.

• nonpoint source pollution - all pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, of falling of pollutants into the water.

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Types of Water Pollutants• Biological pollutants

– pathogens– overgrowth of aquatic plants

• Toxic pollutants– inorganic chemicals– radioactive materials– synthetic organic chemicals

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Water Quality• Strategies to

ensure safe water– policy– water treatment– municipal waste

water treatment– primary treatment– secondary

treatment– tertiary treatment– septic systems– conservation

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

RadiationSources• Naturally

– Cosmic radiation - sun & outer space– Terrestrial radiation - Earth & its minerals– Internal radiation - inside the body from

ingestion

• Human-made – X-rays– Nuclear medicine– Nuclear weapons

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Sources of Radiation

Radon54%

Consumer products

3%

Others1%

Nuclear medicine

4%

Medical X-rays11%

Internal11%

Terrestrial8%

Cosmic8%

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

RadiationDanger

– Roentgen equivalent man - REMS– damage cells & tissues

Policy– USDE– Nuclear waste disposal is highly

controversial

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Noise Pollution

Measure by annoyance factor• Frequency

– cycles per second– hertz– vibrations per second

• Amplitude– decibels (dB)

• Noise abatement– Policy - Noise Control Act of 1972– Education programs– Environmental changes

Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution

Chapter 15

Environmental Concerns:Environmental Concerns:

Wastes and PollutionWastes and Pollution