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Chap 32:
Japan & The Koreas
I. Japan: The Land of the Rising Sun
JapanFlag Description:white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center
Rice Terrace
4. Ring of Fire – region of tectonic activity along rim of Pacific– Frequent EQs– Volcanoes– Tsunamis
ShintoShinto
PolytheismPolytheism
AncestorWorshipAncestorWorship
Hyper-Nationalism
Hyper-Nationalism
The Worldof the kami
The Worldof the kami
Minimizesin &guilt
Minimizesin &guilt
Great
CreatorGreat
Creator
Origami : The Art of Japanese Paper
Folding
Origami : The Art of Japanese Paper
Folding
Haiku : 17-syllable poem
Matsuo Basho, Master of Haiku
Spring departs.Birds cryFishes' eyes are filled with tears.
Calligraphy
Ikebana : The Art of Japanese Flower
Arranging
Tallest --> Heaven
Middle --> Man
Smallest --> Earth
Bonzai : A Unique Method of Meditation
Japanese Zen Rock Garden
ULTRAMAN
C. A Forced Reopening1. 1853 – US sends warships led
by Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan to negotiate trade agreement – massive show of force
2. Japan ends isolation – opens ports to foreign trade ships
3. Japan forced to sign other unequal treaties w/ Westerners giving all economic advantage to foreigners
E. Japanese Imperialism1. Why?
a. To gain additional living space for growing population
b. To gain access to natural resources needed for industry (iron, oil)
2. Japanese military victories – earned new territory & trading rights for Japana. 1895 Sino-Japanese Warb. 1905 Russo-Japanese Warc. Annexed Korea 1910 – efforts to destroy
Korean cultured. Gained Germany’s Pacific colonies as result of
WWI
1. Worldwide Great Depression 1929+
2. Japan became military dictatorship -Japanese military advocates creation of overseas empire to secure markets, raw materials & land- invades Manchuria (China) 1931- invades China 1937 (The
China Incident)3. Stated aim: to free Asian nations
from Western imperialism4. Japan breaks peace treaties w/
other world powers
Emperor Hirohito
F. Japan in World War II1. Joins Axis powers2. Seize French &
Dutch colonies in SE Asia after German occupation of mother country
3. US cuts off exports to Japan
4. Dec. 7, 1941 – Japan attacks US at Pearl Harbor. US brought into WWII
5. Japan makes early gains in the Pacific but tide is turned with Battle of Midway, June 1942
6. US develops Island Hopping campaign to capture certain key islands, one after another, until Japan came within range of American bombers
1. WWII ends w/ defeat of Japan
- Japan forced to surrender after US drops 2 atomic bombs on Japanese cities of Hiroshima & Nagasaki
“Little Boy”
VJ Day Aug 14, 1945
Formal Surrender!
September 2, 1945
G. American Military Occupation: 1945-1952 (1st time for foreign rule of Japan!)1. Democratic reforms
a. emperor stripped of political pwr (still head of state)
b. new constitution: women = men2. Military reforms - demilitarization
a. military leaders stripped of pwrb. military disbanded, forbidden to re- build offensive capabilities
2. Economic Reformsa. Large farms & small biz ÷. Sold to poor citizens
H. The Economic Boom
1. “World’s Workshop”
a. Economy grew rapidly
b. Imported raw materials (through trade this time!) & converted them into finished goods for export
c. Efficient factories
• One of most powerful industrial nations in the world by 1960
J. Japan’s Population Trends
Population Comparisons
61126
1,250
7 40
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
Population in Millions
ThailandJapanChinaHong KongSingapore
Japan’s Population Over 65
versus the United States
Japan’s Growing Older
Japan’s Age Breakdown
Under 15 years 15.8%
15 – 59 years 63.3%
60 and over years
20.9%
K. Things to see in JapanM
t. Fuji
Tokyo
Tokyo
Imperial Palace
Kyoto
Ski Japan!
Japanese Gardens
SAYONARA
III. The KoreasA Divided
Peninsula
Population StatisticsNorth Korea South Korea
Population 23,301,725 49,044,790
IMR 22.6/1000 6/1000
Life Expectancy
72 77
Literacy 99% 98%
GDP/capita $1800 $24,200
Government Communist Dictatorship
Republic
Where would you rather live?
A. What do they have in common?
1. Common Culture
- Heavily influenced by Chinese culture
- language
2. Religion: Buddhist, Daoist,Confucianist influence
B. Differences1. North Korea
a. Gov’t: Communist – One man Dictatorship
b. Climate: short cool summers, very cold winters
c. Land &Resources: Mts, rich mineral deposits
d. Economy: industrialized, but productivity lags behind South Korea
• deteriorating standard of living• relies on international aid for food. • Expends resources on the maintenance of an army of 1
million
Kim Jong Il of North Korea …and friends
North Korea: World’s newest nuclear threat!
1. South Korea
a. Gov’t: Republic
b. Climate: moderate w/ some subtropical parts
c. Land &Resources: less mts, rolling plains
d. Economy: industrialized & productive
C. Why is Korea divided?
1. Korea annexed by Japan in 1910
2. WWII – Japan defeated
3. USSR(north) & US(south) divide Korea at 38th parallel
- plan to administer/occupy during post- war reconstruction/reorganization &
then reunify w/ nat’l elections
- reunification/elections never happened. North became Communist satellite.
÷
D. Korean War• 1950-1950• June 1950: Communist
NK invades SK. • Un authorizes military
action against NK• US role? Heavy
participation. Goal? To contain Communism on Korean Peninsula
• 1953 ceasefire• Korea remains divided
into Communist North Korea & Non-Communist South Korea