Chap 7 – Skeletal SystemPart III

*Learning Objectives continuedToday:

Upper limbsPelvic girdleLower limbs

Homework: Finish reading Chap 7. Study all notes & diagrams from the entire chapter. Complete all questions in textbook.

CSI – Can You Name The Bone?

• This bone was found in someone’s backyard accidentally (by their dog) and determined to be of human origin.

• It is approx. 12” in length with a small ball-in-socket type head on the proximal epiphysis.

• The distal epiphysis (epiphysis = end of the bone) is broad.

What bone do you believe this to be?

distal

proximal

CSI: Radius or Ulna?

In a disarticulated skeleton, it can be challenging to differentiate the radius from the ulna.

Can you tell them apart?

1

2

Ulna is slightly longer than the radius; thin at the head (proximal end) & broad at the distal end

Radius is just the opposite…broad at head (proximal end) & thin at the distal end.

Exploring the Bone of the Upper Limbs, pg 146

Instructions: Work individually.

How many bones form the arm? How many individual bones can you actually count/ identify?

Write the number down here next to this slide.

You may use page 146 in your textbook

for assistance.

Metacarpals, pg 147

• Five numbered (1-5) metacarpal bones radiate from the _____ to form the _____.– Their bases articulate with the carpals

proximally, and with each other medially and laterally

– Heads articulate with the phalanges

Phalanges, pg 147

• Each hand contains __ miniature long bones called phalanges

• Fingers (digits) are numbered 1-5, beginning with the thumb (pollex)

• Each finger (except the thumb) has three phalanges – distal, middle, and proximal

• The thumb has no middle _________

Bones of the Hand & Wrist, pg 147 Label your practice

diagram (all parts).

Helpful tips to remember carpals:

“Sally Left The Party

To Take Cathy Home”

Word meanings:

Scaphoid – boat-shaped

Lunate – moon shaped

Triquetral – triangular

Pisiform – pea shaped

Capitate – head shaped

Hamate - hooked

Lower Body: Pelvic (Hip) Girdle• The hip is formed by a pair of hip bones

(os coxae, or coxal)

• Together with the ______ and the______, these bones form the bony pelvis

• There are numerous important bone markings on the pelvis (lets look at some…)

Pelvic Girdle & Bone Markings, pg 150

Label your practice diagram with the following:

ilium

ischium

Base of Sacrum

Iliac crest

acetabulum

pubis

pubic symphysis (cartilage)

sacrum

coccyxObturator foramen

CSI: Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Regions

Female pelvis- Tilted forward, adapted for childbearing- True pelvis defines birth canal- Cavity of the true pelvis is broad, shallow, and has greater capacity

Male pelvis- Tilted less forward- Adapted for support of heavier male build and stronger muscles- Cavity of true pelvis is narrow and deep

•Characteristic •Female •Male

•Bone thickness

•Pubic arch/angle

•80˚–90˚ •50˚–60˚

•Acetabula •Small; farther apart •Large; closer together

•Sacrum

•Coccyx

Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Structure

•More movable; straighter •Less movable; curves ventrally

http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l44/os0102.htm

Review (Thus Far)Instructions: Write your answers next to this slide in your notes. Be prepared to

discuss orally if called upon. (Know for test!)

1. Distinguish the ileum from the ischium.

2. Explain at least 3 ways to determine if pelvic skeletal remains are male or female.

3. List and briefly describe the 8 bones of the wrist.

4. Explain all the ways you know to differentiate the radius from the ulna.

Femur• Largest, ______, and _______ bone in the

body.

• Has large ball like _____ that _______ into an area called the acetabulum (area where femur is secured into hip)

• Numerous important bone markings

articulates

Femur with Bone Markings Label red

circled structures only. Label now & memorizemarkings.

Lower Limbs

Q - Which one is the tibia?a b

Getting to Know the Bones of the Foot Instructions: Match up the letter of the correct answer for each item. Write your

answers next to this slide. Refer to pages 153 if needed to complete this exercise.

1. Great toe

2. No. of phalanges

3. No. of tarsal bones

4. Heel bone

5. No. of bones in the metatarsal area

6. Ankle

a. 7

b. 5

c. Tallus

d. 14

e. Hallux

f. calcaneus

Bones of the Foot, pg 153• Label your practice diagram now. Label only red circled structures.