Differences in CultureChapter 3The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

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MazdaThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20003-1

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CultureA system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living.Hofstede, Namenwirth and WeberThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20003-2

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Norms and ValuesValues: Abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right and desirable. OR Shared assumptions about how things ought to be.Norms: social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations.3-3The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

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Folkways and MoresFolkways: Routine conventions of everyday life.Little moral significance.Generally, social conventions such as dress codes, social manners, and neighborly behavior.Mores: Norms central to the functioning of society and its social life.Greater significance than folkways.Violation can bring serious retribution.Theft, adultery, incest and cannibalism.3-4The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

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Worlds Religions3-5The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

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The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000Map 3.13-6

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The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000Map 3.23-7

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The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000Map 3.33-8

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Caste and Class3-9The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

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Power Distance Index3-10The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999Table 3.1 in text

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Individualism Index3-11The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999Table 3.1 in text

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Uncertainty Avoidance Index3-12The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999Table 3.1 in text

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Masculinity Index3-13The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000Table 3.1 in text

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Hofstede - Caution!Assumes one-to-one relationship between culture and the nation-state.The research may have been culturally bound.Survey respondents were from a single industry (computer) and a single company (IBM).The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20003-14

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Cultural ChangeCulture is not a constant; it evolves over time.USA in the 1960s as the American values toward the role of women changed.Japan, today, as it moves toward greater individualism in the workplace.The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20003-15

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