Chap6 IT Ethics and Issues

8/2/2019 Chap6 IT Ethics and Issues
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2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 1
Tomorrows Technology
and You8th Edition

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Tomorrows Technology
and You 8/e
Chapter 8
Networking and Digital Communication

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Tomorrows Technology and You 8/eChapter 8
Objectives
Describe the basic types of technology that make
telecommunication possible.
Describe the nature and function of local area networks
and wide area networks.
Discuss the uses and implications of email, instant
messaging, blogging, teleconferencing, and other formsof online communication.

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Tomorrows Technology and You 8/e
Chapter 8
Objectives (continued)
Explain how wireless network technology is
transforming the ways people work and communicate.
Describe current and future trends in
telecommunications and networking.

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Chapter 8
Arthur C. Clarkes Magical ProphecyClarkes laws
If an elderly but distinguished scientist says
that something is possible, he is almostcertainly right, but if he says that it is
impossible he is very probably wrong.
The only way to find the limits of the possible
is to go beyond them into the impossible.
Any sufficiently advanced technology isindistinguishable from magic.

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Chapter 8
Arthur C. Clarkes Magical Prophecy Arthur C. Clarkes most famous work was the
monumental 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey,
in which he collaborated with movie director
Stanley Kubrick. Clarkes most visionary work may be a paper
published in 1945 in which he predicted the use
ofgeostationary communications satellites
satellites that match the Earths rotation so they
can hang in a stationary position relative to thespinning planet below, relaying wireless
transmissions between locations on the planet.

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Chapter 8
Basic Network Anatomy
A computer network is any system of two or
more computers that are linked together.
How is networking important? People share computer hardware, thus reducing
costs.
People share data and software programs, thus
increasing efficiency and production.
People work together in ways that are otherwise
difficult or impossible.

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Chapter 8
Basic Network AnatomyNetworks Near and Far
In a local area network (LAN) computers are physically close to each other,usually in the same building.Computers are linked within a building or
cluster of buildings.
Each computer and peripheral is an individualnode on the network.
Nodes are connected by cables, which may beeither twisted pair (copper wires) or coaxial cable.
In a wireless network each node has a tiny radio (or, less commonly, infrared)transmitter connected to its network port.
Computers send and receive data through the air rather than through cables.

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Chapter 8
Basic Network AnatomyA metropolitan area network (MAN) links two or more LANs within a city.
A wide area network (WAN) extends over a long distance.
Each networked LAN site is a node on the WAN.
Data transmitted over common pathways called a backbone.

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Chapter 8
Communication frequently happens between LANs and WANs
Routers: hardware devices or software programs that route messages as they travel
between networks
Mesh networks:an alternative to todays networks; rely on centralized routers
Used to set up small, temporary communication systems
Example: emergency personnel use at fire scenes to coordinate actions
Pretty soon youll have no more
idea ofwhat computer youre using
than you have an idea ofwhere your
electricity comes from.Danny Hillis, computer designer

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Chapter 8
Specialized Networks: From GPS to Financial Systems
Global Positioning System (GPS)
GPS is a specialized network developed by
U.S. Department of Defense.
It includes 24 satellites that circle the Earth.
Each satellite contains a computer, an atomic
clock, and a radio.
On the ground, a GPS receiver can use
signals broadcast by three or four visible
satellites to determine its position.

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Chapter 8
Networks that keep our global financial systems running:
Automated Teller Machine (ATM):a specialized terminal linked to a banks main
computer through a commercial banking network

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Chapter 8
Basic Network AnatomyThe Network Interface
A network interface card (NIC) permits
direct network connection:
Adds an additional serial port to the computer
Controls the flow of data between the computers RAM
and the network cable
The most common types of networks today require some kind of Ethernet card
or port in each computer.
Ethernet is a popular networking architecture developed in 1976 at Xerox.
Most newer PCs include an Ethernet port on the main circuit board, so they dont
require NICs to connect to Ethernet networks.

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Chapter 8
Communication la Modem
Modem: a hardware device that connects a
computers serial port to a telephone line
(for remote access)
May be internal on the system board or external,
sitting in a box linked to a serial port
Modem transmission speed measured in bits per second (bps)
Transmit at 28,000 bps to 56.6K bps

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Chapter 8
Computers send digital signals.
The modem (modulator/demodulator) converts the digital signals toanalog so that the message can be transmitted through telephone lines andconverts it back on the other end.

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Chapter 8
Broadband connectiona connection with much greaterbandwidth than modems have
DSL uses standard phone lines and is provided by phone companies in
many areas.Cable modems provide fast network connections through cable
television networks in many areas.
High-speed wireless connections can connect computers to networksusing radio waves rather than wires.
Satellite dishes can deliver fast computer network connections as wellas television programs.

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Chapter 8
Wireless Network Technology
A lightning-fast network connection to your desktop is of little use if youre
away from your desk most of the time; when bandwidth is less important thanmobility and portability, wireless technology can provide practical solutions.
The fastest growing wireless LAN technology is known as Wi-Fior802.11b.

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Chapter 8
Bluetooth: another type of wireless technologyNamed for a Danish king who overcame his countrys religious differences
Overcomes differences between mobile phones, handheld computers, and PCs, making
it possible for all of these devices to communicate with each other regardless of
operating system
T T h l d Y 8/

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Chapter 8
With Bluetooth its possible to create a
personal area network (PAN)a network that
links a variety of personal electronic devices so they can
communicate with each other.
Bluetooth techno

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