Chapter 01

Kosky, Balmer, Keat and Wise: Exploring Engineering, Third Edition, Solution Manual, Chapter 1

Chapter 1: What engineers do 1-1) Draw a conceptual sketch of your computer. Identify the keyboard, screen, power source, and information storage devices using arrows and labels.

Note: Eventually we will show you (if you don’t know already) how to draw a decently formatted sketch on your computer. Meanwhile this crude representation will suffice!

Copyright, Elsevier, 2012 1


1-2) Draw a conceptual sketch of an incandescent light bulb. Identify all the components using arrows and numbers as in Figure 1.1.

1 = glass envelope 2 = Filament 3 = Supports 4 = Seals 5 = Wires 6 = Plug



1-3) Draw a conceptual sketch of a ballpoint pen. Identify all the components with arrows and labels as in Figure 1.2 of this chapter. The name of ballpoint pen's parts and components

No. Name No. Name

1 refill 14 clip

2 ball 15 barrel shell

3 point 16 cap

4 socket 17 clip screw

5 slot 18 clip screw

6 eyelet 19 connector

7 refill tube 20 button spring

8 ink 21 ratchet spring

9 grease 22 retracting spring

10 cartridge 23 plunger

11 plastic lube 24 trapped spring

12 point 25 ratchet frame

13 barrel 26 liner



--see http://www.ball-pen-manufacturers.com/pen_show_110_The_name_of_ballpoint_pen's_parts.htm (Hong-Li Pen manufacturing Co, Ltd.)


http://www.ball-pen-manufacturers.com/pen_show_110_The_name_of_ballpoint_pen's_parts.htm

http://www.ball-pen-manufacturers.com/pen_show_110_The_name_of_ballpoint_pen's_parts.htm


1-4) The figure below is an exploded view of a table. Identify and label all the components. Table top

Frame

LegsMortise& Tenon



1-5) The figure below is an exploded view of a box. Identify and label all the components.

Sides

End

Bottom

Lid

Brackets

Hinges

End



1-6) Repeat Example 1.3 using the NSPE Code of Engineering Ethics. Solve using the Engineering Ethics Matrix. (Example 1.3: An Ethical Situation

You and your roommate are both enrolled in the same engineering class. Your roommate spent the weekend partying and did not do the homework that is due on Monday. You did the homework, and your roommate asks to see it. You are afraid he or she will just copy it and turn it in as his or her own work. What are you ethically obligated to do?

a. Show your roommate the homework. b. Show the homework but ask your roommate not to copy it. c. Show the homework and tell the roommate that if the homework is copied, you will

tell the professor. d. Refuse to show the homework. e. Refuse to show the homework but offer to spend time tutoring the roommate.)

Ethical Decision Matrix

Canons Option (a) Option (b) Option (c) Option (d) Option (e)

1. Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.

Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

2. Perform services only in the area of your competence.

Not applicable Not applicable. Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Are you a competent tutor?

3. Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.


Not applicable.

Not applicable.

4. Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.

Violates this canon if home work is not to be shared.

Same as option (a).

Same as option (a).

OK. OK.

5. Avoid deceptive acts.

Violates this canon if sharing home work is considered cheating by instructor..

Same as option (a).

Same as option (a).

OK. OK.

6. Conduct themselves honorably.

Same as above. Same as option (a).

Same as option (a).

OK. OK.



Of course, it may be possible to find a code of professional ethics that will lead to a contrary opinion to another code, but as per the solution in the text for Example 1.3, this code of professional ethics favors the same solutions, namely d & e.



1-7) Repeat Example 1.4 using the Five Cornerstones of Ethical Behavior. Solve using the Engineering Ethics Matrix (Example 1.4 You are a civil engineer on a team designing a bridge for a state government. Your team submits what you believe to be the best design by all criteria, at a cost that is within the limits originally set. However, some months later the state undergoes a budget crisis. Your supervisor, also a qualified civil engineer, makes design changes to achieve cost reduction that he or she believes will not compromise the safety of the bridge. You are not so sure, though you cannot conclusively demonstrate a safety hazard. You request that a new safety analysis be done. Your supervisor denies your request on the grounds of time and limited budget. What do you do?)

Cornerstone a) Go along

with the decision

b) Appeal to higher

management

c) Quit your job

d) Write your state

representative

e) Call a newspaper reporter

1. Do what you say you will do.

You did not say you would do this.





2. Never divulge information given to you in confidence.

Not applicable You may appeal to higher management

Not applicable.

Violates this cornerstone.

Violates this cornerstone.

3. Accept responsibility for your mistakes.


Not applicable. Not applicable.

4. Never become involved in a lie.

Violates this cornerstone of you believe your supervisor is lying.

Not applicable. Maybe, if you think someone is lying.

Maybe, if you think someone is lying.

Maybe, if you think someone is lying.

5. Never accept gifts that compromise your ability to perform in the best interests of your organization.

Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable.

Not applicable. Not applicable.



Again, it’s roughly the same conclusion as per Example 1.4 I the text: Your best bet is to go over your immediate supervisor’s head and bring your dilemma to higher management.



1-8) It is the last semester of your senior year and you are anxious to get an exciting electrical engineering position in a major company. You accept a position from company A early in the recruiting process, but continue to interview hoping for a better offer. Then your dream job offer comes along from company B. More salary, better company, more options for advancement, it is just what you have been looking for. What should you do?

a. Just don’t show up for work at company A. b. Send a letter to A retracting your job acceptance with them. c. Ask company B to contact company A and tell them you won’t be working for them. d. Reject the offer from company B and work for company A anyway.

Options Canons

a.) Just don’t show up

b.) Send letter retracting

c.) Ask B d.) Reject B

Hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public.

Yes-no risks

Yes-no risks

Yes-no risks

Yes-no risks

Perform services only in the area of your competence

Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply

Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner

Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply

Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees

Does not apply-not yet employee




Avoid deceptive acts

No-deceptive

Yes – is not deceptive

No –potentially deceptive if B doesn’t do it

Yes

Conduct themselves honorably

No

No-unless you initially made it clear

No- passing the buck

Yes



… to A that you would retract if offered by B

The “best” answer is to reject the offer from Company B; however, the real message here is to be upfront with company A while provisionally accepting their offer saying you reserve the right to go to Company B.



1-9) A company purchased an expensive computer program for your summer job with them. The license agreement states that you can make a backup copy, but you can only use the program on one computer at a time. Your senior design course professor would like you to use the program for your senior design project. What should you do?

a. Give the program to your professor and let him/her worry about the consequences. b. Copy the program and use it because no one will know. c. Ask your supervisor at the company that purchased the program if you can use it at school on your senior project. d. Ask your professor to contact the company and ask for permission to use the program at school.

Options Canons

a.) Give to Prof

b.) Copy and use

c.) Ask supervisor

d.) Ask Prof to contact


Yes- no risk

Yes-no risk

Yes-no risk

Yes-no risk


Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply


Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply


No-cheats company

No- cheats company

Yes Yes


No – is deceptive

No – is deceptive

Yes Yes

Conduct themselves honorably

No

No Yes

Yes

You need to do c) and d).



1-10) You are attending a regional conference along with five other students from your institution. The night before the group is scheduled to return to campus, one of the students is arrested for public intoxication and is jailed. Neither he nor the other students have enough cash for bail, and he doesn’t want his parents to know. He asks you to lend him the organization's emergency cash so that he doesn't have to spend the night in jail; he'll repay you as soon as his parents send money. What should you do?

a. Lend him the money since his parents are wealthy and you know he can repay it quickly. b. Tell him to contact his parents now and ask for help. c. Give him the money, but ask him to write and sign a confessional note to repay it.. d. Tell him to call a lawyer since it’s not your problem.

Options Canons

a). Lend b). Tell: contact parents

c). Money and note

d). Tell not your problem


Yes-no risk

Yes-no risk

Yes-no risk

Yes-no risk


Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply


Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply


No- unless money was previously authorized for bail

Yes No-unless money was previously authorized for bail

Yes


No if you are hoping to put money back without telling organization

Yes Yes-if you show note to organization.

Yes



Conduct themselves honorably …

No- allowing your concern for friend to override your duty to organization

Yes Yes – an attempt, though flawed, to combine duties to friend and organization

Yes – although as a matter of personal ethics, telling a friend that his problems are not yours may be unacceptable, this is not a violation of professional ethics

So you should consider telling him to call his parents and/or a lawyer.



1-11) You are testing motorcycle helmets manufactured by a variety of your competitors. Your company has developed an inexpensive helmet with a liner that will withstand multiple impacts, but is less effective on the initial impact than your competitor’s. The Vice President for Sales is anxious to get this new helmet on the market and is threatening to fire you if you do not release it to the manufacturing division. What should you do?

a. Follow the vice presidents orders since he/she will ultimately be responsible for the decision. b. Call a newspaper to “blow the whistle” on the unsafe company policies. c. Refuse to release the product as unsafe and take your chances on being fired. d. Stall the vice president while you look for a job at a different company.

Options Canons

a). Follow order

b). Blow whistle

c). Refuse to release

d). Stall


No Would knowingly put public at risk

No Would knowingly put public at risk

Yes avoids putting public at risk

No-leaves public at risk


Yes No- press relations is not your area of expertise

Yes Yes


Yes – no public statement made

Yes - but only if you are sure of your facts

Yes- no public statement made

Yes-no public statement made


Maybe depends on whether supervisor intends to deal with risk in another manner

No- as an agent, you are expected to get permission before speaking to press

Yes No- you owe your employer a truthful interpretation of your actions




Yes- is not deceptive

No-stalling is deceptive

Conduct Yes Yes Yes No-



themselves honorably …

hiding your true views is dishonorable

Refuse to release the defective article should at least be a major option to consider even though it may have a serious effect on your career.



1-12) Paul Ledbetter is employed at Bluestone Ltd. as a manufacturing engineer. He regularly meets with vendors who offer to supply Bluestone with needed services and parts. Paul discovers that one of the vendors, Duncan Mackey, like Paul, is an avid golfer. They begin comparing notes about their favorite golf courses. Paul says he's always wanted to play at the Cherry Orchard Country Club; but since it is a private club, he's never had the opportunity. Duncan says he's been a member there for several years and that he's sure he can arrange a guest visit for Paul. What should Paul do?1

a. Paul should accept the invitation since he has always wanted to play there. b. Paul should reject the invitation since it might adversely affect his business relationship with Duncan. c. Paul should ask Duncan to nominate him for membership in the Club. d. Paul should ask his supervisor if it’s OK to accept Duncan’s invitation.

Options Canons

a). Accept b). Reject c). Ask Duncan to nominate

d). Ask supervisor


Yes-no risk

Yes-no risk

Yes-no risk

Yes-no risk


Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply


Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply


Yes if you have consulted company ethics guidelines and determined that it’s ok;

Yes Yes Yes

1 Extracted from TEACHING ENGINEERING ETHICS, A CASE STUDY APPROACH, Michael S. Pritchard Editor, CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF ETHICS IN SOCIETY WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY. http://ethics.tamu.edu/pritchar/golfing.htm]



otherwise, no




Yes Yes


Yes

Yes Yes- unless you suggest to Duncan that if he says no, he won’t get the order

Yes

You have a lot of latitude here so you can pick almost any action or a combination.



1-13) Some American companies have refused to promote women into positions of high authority in their international operations in Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Their rationale is that business will be hurt because some foreign customers do not wish to deal with women. It might be contended that this practice is justified out of respect for the customs of countries which discourage women from entering business and the professions. Circuit Judge Warren J. Ferguson argued, however, that such practices are wrong. He ruled that gender stereotypes are not to be used in formulating job qualification, and that customer preferences do not justify gender discrimination. He added that while our legal system cannot be used to force other countries to stop gender discrimination, other countries cannot dictate gender discrimination for citizens of our country. Present and defend your view as to whether Judge Ferguson's ruling was justified. Most students will agree with the judge. However, they need to present some comments as to why they reached their conclusion. Your best approach is to write a short essay justifying your conclusions. Since your essay is your essay, there is no preferred answer to give you. Think it through and write a few paragraphs in clear and concise English supporting your opinion.



1-14) Marvin Johnson is Environmental Engineer for one of several local plants whose water discharges flow into a lake in a flourishing tourist area. Included in Marvin's responsibilities is the monitoring of water and air discharges at his plant and the periodic preparation of reports to be submitted to the Department of Natural Resources. Marvin has just prepared a report that indicates that the level of pollution in the plant's water discharges slightly exceeds the legal limitations. However, there is little reason to believe that this excessive amount poses any danger to people in the area; at worst, it will endanger a small number of fish. On the other hand, solving the problem will cost the plant more than $200,000. Marvin's supervisor says the excess should be regarded as a mere "technicality," and he asks Marvin to "adjust" the data so that the plant appears to be in compliance. He explains: "We can't afford the $200,000. It would set us behind our competitors. Besides the bad publicity we'd get, it might scare off some of tourist industry." How do you think Marvin should respond to Edgar's request?

a) Do what Edgar says b) Ask Edgar to join him in discussing this with Edgar’s boss c) Do not do what Edgar s says

Options Canons

a). Do what Edgar says

b). Ask Edgar to join in discussing

c). Do not do what Edgar says


Yes-no risks

Yes-no risks

Yes-no risks


Yes Yes Yes


Does not apply

Does not apply

Does not apply


No- exposes company to legal action

Yes No - simple disobedience, even if justified, is not the action of a faithful agent




No. Deceptive to customer


No –potentially deceptive if boss thinks he’s obeying


No – is putting oneself above the law

Yes Maybe, depending on how done

Here the solution is clear – get Edgar involved b).



1-15) Derek Evans used to work for a small computer firm that specializes in developing software for management tasks. Derek was a primary contributor in designing an innovative software system for customer services. This software system is essentially the "lifeblood" of the firm. The small computer firm never asked Derek to sign an agreement that software designed during his employment there becomes the property of the company. However, his new employer did. Derek is now working for a much larger computer firm. Derek's job is in the customer service area, and he spends most of his time on the telephone talking with customers having systems problems. T his requires him to cross reference large amounts of information. It now occurs to him that by making a few minor alterations in the innovative software system he helped design at the small computer firm the task of cross referencing can be greatly simplified. On Friday Derek decides he will come in early Monday morning to make the adaptation. However, on Saturday evening he attends a party with two of his old friends, you and Horace Jones. Since it has been some time since you have seen each other, you spend some time discussing what you have been doing recently. Derek mentions his plan to adapt the software system on Monday. Horace asks, "Isn't that unethical? That system is really the property of your previous employer." "But," Derek replies, "I'm just trying to make my work more efficient. I'm not selling the system to anyone, or anything like that. It's just for my use -- and, after all, I did help design it. Besides, it's not exactly the same system -- I've made a few changes." What should be done about this situation?2

a) Derek should go ahead and make the adaptation b) Derek should suggest to his boss a meeting with the other company to discuss use of the program. c) Derek should drop the idea

Options Canons

a). Make the adaptation

b). Suggest a meeting

c). Drop the idea


Yes-no risks

Yes-no risks

Yes-no risks


Yes Yes Yes

Issue public Does not Does not Does not 2 Adapted from: http://ethics.tamu.edu/pritchar/property.htm



statements only in an objective and truthful manner

apply apply apply


Maybe- may expose current employer to possible suit or bad publicity

Yes No- an employee should pursue good ideas


No- while possibly legal, the action is deceptive (implies new company developed idea)


No employee is hiding a good idea


No – (see deceptive)

Yes Yes

b) is the best course.



1-16) Jan, a professional engineer on unpaid leave, is a part-time graduate student at a small private university and is enrolled in a research class for credit taught by Dimanro, a mechanical-engineering professor at the University. Part of the research being performed by Jan involves the use of an innovative geothermal technology. The University is in the process of enlarging its facilities, and Dimanro, a member of the University's building committee, has responsibility for developing a request for proposal (RFP) in order to solicit interested engineering firms. Dimanro plans to incorporate an application of the geothermal technology into the RFP. Dimanro asks Jan to serve as a paid consultant to the University's building committee in developing the RFP and reviewing proposals. Jan’s employer will not be submitting a proposal and is not averse to having Jan work on the RFP and proposal reviews. Jan agrees to serve as a paid consultant. Is it a conflict of interest for Jan to be enrolled in a class for credit at the University and at the same time serve as a consultant to the University? 3

a) Jan should assume a conflict of interest and drop the idea b) Jan should request a legal opinion as to the legality of this service c) Jan should go ahead and serve without inquiring further

Options Canons

a). Drop idea

b). Request legal opinion

c). Go ahead


Yes-no risks

Yes-no risks

Yes-no risks


Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes, if he acknowledges his connection to university


Yes- has consulted with employer

Yes yes

3 Adapted from NSPE Board of Ethical Review Case No. 91-5




Yes Yes Yes, if he acknowledges his connection to university


Yes

Yes Maybe, depending on whether he or university hopes to gain from the connection (e.g., unjustified positive opinion, unjustified higher grade)

Note: as is evident from the matrix, the answer to this question depends on detailed legal knowledge as to whether being a student and paid consultant simultaneously constitutes a conflict of interest.


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Chapter 01

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