Chapter 03 PP-prenatal development

8/7/2019 Chapter 03 PP-prenatal development

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2008

Infants and ChildrenInfants and ChildrenLaura E. BerkLaura E. Berk 6th edition6th edition

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Prenatal DevelopmentPrenatal Development

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Why Have Children?Why Have Children?


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Relationship of Birth Order toRelationship of Birth Order to

IntelligenceIntelligence


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Advantages and Disadvantages ofAdvantages and Disadvantages of

a One-Child Familya One-Child Family


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Check to see if Figure 3.2is updated

American MothersAmerican Mothers

Getting OlderGetting Older


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Conception and ImplantationConception and Implantation


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Periods of Prenatal DevelopmentPeriods of Prenatal Development

Period Length Key Events

Zygote 2 weeks FertilizationImplantation

Start of Placenta

Embryo 6 weeks Arms, legs, face, organs,muscles all develop

Heart begins beating

Fetus 30 weeks Growth and finishing


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TheThe

PlacentaPlacentaandand

UmbilicalUmbilicalCordCord


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DiscussionDiscussion

Would you recommend that expectantWould you recommend that expectant

mothers provide their fetuses with certainmothers provide their fetuses with certain

kinds of stimulation to enhance laterkinds of stimulation to enhance later

mental development? Why or why not?mental development? Why or why not?


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Sensitive Periods inSensitive Periods in

Prenatal DevelopmentPrenatal Development


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Prenatal Environmental Influences:Prenatal Environmental Influences:

TeratogensTeratogens

TeratogenTeratogenany environmental agentany environmental agent

that causes damage duringthat causes damage during

the prenatal period.the prenatal period.DoseDose

HeredityHeredity

Other negative influencesOther negative influencesAgeAge


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Prenatal Development andPrenatal Development and

Later HealthLater Health

Low Birth WeightLow Birth Weight

Greater chance ofGreater chance of

Heart DiseaseHeart Disease StrokeStroke

DiabetesDiabetes

High Birth WeightHigh Birth Weight Greater chance of breast cancerGreater chance of breast cancer


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TeratogensTeratogens

DrugsDrugs

PrescriptionPrescription

NonprescriptionNonprescription

IllegalIllegal

TobaccoTobacco

AlcoholAlcohol

RadiationRadiation

PollutionPollution

Infectious DiseaseInfectious Disease


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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Disorder: Criteria for Diagnosis


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The Effects ofThe Effects of

Environmental PollutionEnvironmental Pollution

More than 75,000 chemicals are inMore than 75,000 chemicals are incommon use in the United States, andcommon use in the United States, andmany new pollutants are introduced eachmany new pollutants are introduced each

year.year.Many babies are born polluted byMany babies are born polluted bychemicals that can impair developmentchemicals that can impair developmentand increase the chances of life-and increase the chances of life-threatening diseases and health problemsthreatening diseases and health problemslater on.later on.


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The Effects of Emotional Stress onThe Effects of Emotional Stress on

the Developing Fetusthe Developing FetusStress hormones cross the placenta, causing aStress hormones cross the placenta, causing adramatic rise in fetal heart rate and activity.dramatic rise in fetal heart rate and activity.

Fetal neurological functioning can beFetal neurological functioning can bepermanently altered.permanently altered.

Maternal emotional stress predicts anxiety, shortMaternal emotional stress predicts anxiety, shortattention span, anger, aggression, andattention span, anger, aggression, andoveractivity among preschoolers and youngoveractivity among preschoolers and youngchildren above and beyond the impact of otherchildren above and beyond the impact of other

risk factors.risk factors.Stress-related prenatal complications can beStress-related prenatal complications can begreatly reduced when mothers receive thegreatly reduced when mothers receive thesupport of family members and friends.support of family members and friends.


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Birth

Complications

Increase AfterAge 40


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Expectant Mothers withExpectant Mothers with

Late or No Prenatal CareLate or No Prenatal Care


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Reasons Women Delay PrenatalReasons Women Delay Prenatal

CareCare

Financial HardshipFinancial Hardship

Situational BarriersSituational Barriers

Personal BarriersPersonal Barriers

Many are engaging inMany are engaging in

high-risk behaviorshigh-risk behaviors

that they do not wantthat they do not want

to reveal to healthto reveal to healthcare professionals.care professionals.


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Culturally Sensitive Prenatal CareCulturally Sensitive Prenatal Care

Promotes Healthy PregnanciesPromotes Healthy Pregnancies

Low-SES ethnicLow-SES ethnicminority expectantminority expectantand new mothersand new motherswere not receivingwere not receivingwarm prenatal carewarm prenatal careand expressedand expresseddifficulty gettingdifficulty gettingquestions answered.questions answered.

Group prenatal careGroup prenatal careoffers a sensitiveoffers a sensitivealternative.alternative.


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Preparing for ParenthoodPreparing for Parenthood

Expectant Parents:Expectant Parents:

Seek informationSeek information

Get to know the baby as aGet to know the baby as a

realityreality

Look for models of effectiveLook for models of effective

parenthoodparenthood

Adjust couples relationshipsAdjust couples relationships

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Chapter 03 PP-prenatal development

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