Chapter 09

Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning

Introduction to Fire Protection 3rd EditionRobert Klinoff

Introduction to Fire Protection3rd Edition



Chapter 9

Training



Objectives

• Identify the personnel and positions that make up a training bureau

• Describe the need for training in the fire service• Explain the difference between technical and

manipulative training• Describe how adequate level of training is

determined• Describe how performance standards are

determined



Objectives (con’t.)

• Explain how skills are developed• Explain the importance of skills maintenance• Explain how training level applies to incident

effectiveness• List areas in which firefighters require training



Introduction

• In most firefighter fatalities, common denominators are identified– Examine written reports to prevent future

fatalities• Constant innovations in firefighting lead to more

efficiency and safety– Training in new techniques should be a career-

long commitment



Training Bureau

• Teaches you to do your job safely and efficiently

• You are ultimately responsible for your own safety and education

• Staff function – More productive work time in office

• Operations function– Can assess needs more accurately on-site



Personnel

• Provide flexible planning and scheduling• Coordinate resources• Research and develop information• Require good communications skills• Create course outlines and lesson plans



Personnel (con’t.)

• Present concepts and ideas (see Figure 9-1)• Must have positive attitude toward the

importance of training• Must have wide background of experience• Have the ability to change the department• Credibility is key

– Work is seen by the whole department



Training Chief

• Is usually chief officer• Provides unity of command• Acts as point of contact for upper ranks• Prioritizes demands• May be liaison to local colleges



Company Officers

• Act as training officers• Plan and coordinate programs• Evaluate others• May aid promotion• Depend on cooperation of operations

personnel



Instructors

• Can be from inside or outside department• Subject matter experts• NFA instructors teach all over the country• Instructors are made, not born



A/V Technician

• Plans and produces training aids and department-specific materials

• Is cost effective• Keeps companies in their response areas• Speeds up dissemination of information



Light Duty

• For personnel who are restricted from active duty because of injury

• Allows department to recover expenses from paid injury leave

• Exposes firefighters to training and staff duties



Interagency

• Agencies working together need to train together to learn each other’s operations– Can be between federal, state, local, or private

sector

• Addresses problems/issues before incidents• Sometimes includes joint recruit training

academies



Ambulance Companies

• Provide joint training in equipment setup and extrication

• Allow firefighters to go to paramedic school and base meetings

• Assist in training firefighters to work with air ambulances



Training Facilities

• Can be improvised• Classrooms are a necessity• Parking structure can be used as drill tower• Props are expensive• Sites require preparation



Training Facilities (con’t.)

• Training can be done during preplans• Smoke generators

– Safe, clean smoke

– Can smoke up different structures

• ARFF training– Requires special knowledge

– Airport operations

– Communications with control tower



Off-Site Training

• Can occur in numerous locations– Fire prevention inspections

– Driving around first-in area

– Wildland fire training

– High-rise structures under construction

– Pre-plan inspections of high-hazard occupancies (see Figure 9-5)

– Ships and aircraft

– Oil refineries



Purpose and Importance of Training

• Change behavior• Learn proper use of equipment• Perform safely• Develop safety attitude• Develop command presence



Technical Training

• Training in facts and ideas• Technical subjects

– Chemistry

– Physics

– Hydraulic calculations

– Building construction



Technical Training (con’t.)

• Understand extinguishing systems• Know how to use the incident command system• Learn the design limitations of your equipment

– Price of failure is too great

– Exceeding limitations can lead to injury or death



Manipulative Training

• Training in the use of tools– Under stress, you will perform as you have

practiced

– Starts out simple with one tool at a time

– Progresses to multiple tools under stressful conditions

– Should be realistic, but within safety guidelines



Determining Adequate Levels of Training

• Questions to ask– Is the job being done safely?

– Can the job be performed under realistic conditions?

– How complex is the job?

– How often is the job performed?

– How important is the job?

– Is the job mandated by law?



Performance Standards

• Performed within time and safety guidelines• Performed with a minimum of errors• Acceptable percentage of error varies with

material– Knowledge of form numbers: 30% error may be

acceptable

– Safety: 0% error is acceptable



Skills Development and Skills Maintenance

• Master basic tasks quickly• Once mastery is achieved with low level skills,

move on to more difficult skills• Learn to apply technical, manipulative, and

decision making skills to more complicated situations

• Once learned, skills must be practiced



Skills Assessment

• Technical testing– Written and verbal

• Manipulative testing- Safety

- Completion of all steps

- Proficiency and efficiency

- Smoothness of operation

- Coordination of groups



Standard Operating Procedures

• Help achieve unity and coordination in operations

• Apply to many functional areas• Increase proficiency and efficiency• Reduce radio traffic



Training Records

• Maintained regularly• Lists completed training (may be requested

in a lawsuit)• Can be reviewed to assess needs• Used for apprenticeship program cost

reimbursement



Relationship of Training to Incident Effectiveness

• Overall purpose of performance is incident effectiveness– Training to achieve safe and efficient

performance of operations

– Not possible to save every life or put out every fire

– Training focuses on minimum loss and injury



Required Training

• Federal requirements – Hazardous materials training

– Aircraft firefighting

– FRO personnel

– Firefighting personnel• Live drill every 12 months

• State and local requirements– Emergency medical services



Training Safety

• In training, safety is of the utmost importance– Realism should not compromise safety

• Common injury types– Falls

– Being struck

– Overexertion

– Burns

– CO poisoning



Summary

• Firefighters first master the basics and then learn to respond to more complex situations

• As a firefighter’s career progresses, the need for learning never stops

• Promotion adds responsibility of training subordinates

• Personnel who respond together should train together

• Safety is an essential aspect of training

Date post:	17-Jan-2015
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Chapter 09

Education