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Chapter 1-2 Study Guide
Social Studies 7
Burnette & Davis
Fall 2013
ER 1 – Domestication
• Domestication is making plants and animals useful to humans
• Plants=year round food supply, surplus, eliminate the need to gather over long distances
• Animals=power supply, protection, and food supply
• Impact = allowed for people to settle
• Created a stable food supply
ER 2 – Impact Today
• Development of cities and towns
• Farmers raise livestock for meat and milk
• Farmers grow crops according to climate and season
• Development of farming technology over time (plows, harvesters, irrigation systems, hybrid foods, etc)
MC 1 - Historians
• Historians are interested in studying the knowledge, beliefs, and customs of people
MC 2 - Archaeologists
• Archaeologists are interested in things that people leave behind throughout history.
• Study sites such as ancient battle fields, settlements, and burial grounds.
MC 3 – What does history teach…?
• History teaches people about their past.
• History teaches people about how their government came into existence.
• History acknowledges triumphs and tragedies.
MC 4 - Culture
• Culture is the beliefs, customs, and art of a group of people
MC 5 – Primary Sources
• A primary source is an account of an event created by someone who took part in the event.
• Examples of primary sources are treaties, letters, diaries, laws, court documents, and royal commands
MC 6 – Secondary Source
• A secondary source is information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event.
• Examples of secondary sources are textbooks, journal articles, and encyclopedias.
• These are often Historian’s opinions on events.
MC 7 – Historians Interpret
• Sometimes, historians interpret events differently because of they form different opinions about the primary sources they study.
MC 8 – Studying History Helps
• Studying history leads you to ask important questions.
• Studying history forces you to analyze facts.
• Studying history helps you identify main facts.
MC 9 – Early Man
• Early forms of man are known as HOMINIDS.
• These are the ancestors of modern man.
MC 10 – Stages of human development
• Homo habilis = “handy man”
• Homo erectus = “upright man”
• Homo sapiens = “wise man”
• All modern humans today are Homo sapiens.
MC 11 - Tools
• Tools helped early humans because they increased the chances for survival.
MC 12 – First skill…
• Early humans developed first the ability to make tools.
• Once they developed tools, many parts of their daily lives were made easier.
MC 13 - Society
• A society is a community of people who share a common culture.
MC 14 – Three reasons language developed
• Language was developed to make hunting easier.
• Language was developed to form new relationships.
• Language was developed to resolve issues like distributing food.
MC 15 – Tools of Middle Stone Age
• People developed more complex tools like fishing hooks and fishing spears out of wood and bone.
MC 16 – Which Stone Age… Religion?
• Historians and archaeologists believe that the first ideas of religion were developed in the OLD STONE AGE (or, the Paleolithic Era) from the Cave Art paintings.
MC 17 – Ice Ages
• Early humans were forced to move to new environments as the result of the Ice Age!!!
MC 18 – Three Stone Ages
• PALEOLITHIC (Old Stone Age) – simple stone tools used for cutting and scraping, cave paintings (art & religion), early language
• MESOLITHIC (Middle Stone Age) – animal skin clothing, shelters and more complex tools out of wood and bone
• NEOLITHIC (New Stone Age) -- domestication of plants and animals, settlement, learned how to make fire
MC 19 – Clothing & Shelter
• People needed better clothing and shelter as they migrated out of Africa because they needed more protection to survive in colder areas.
MC 20 – Neolithic Revolution
• The Neolithic Revolution is defined as the time in history where there was a shift from food gathering to food producing.
• People slowly stopped relying only on hunting and gathering for their food supply and began raising animals and crops.
MC 21 - Farming
• With the development of farming, people were able to create settlements and build permanent shelters
MC 22 – List the order of settlements
1. AFRICA
2. EUROPE & ASIA
3. AUSTRALIA
4. NORTH AMERICA
5. SOUTH AMERICA
MC 23 – Settlement of N. Amer
• A land bridge over the Bering Strait thousands of years ago aided in the settlement of North America. This land bridge connected Russia and Alaska.
MC 24 - Megaliths
• Megaliths are large stone monuments that historians believe were used during religious ceremonies and as monuments to early gods and goddesses during the Neolithic Era.