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Engineering Engineering DrawingDrawing
Engineering DrawingEngineering Drawing• Offers the easiest way to convey
information
4 main types of flow diagrams:
1. Block Diagram2. Process Flow Diagram3. Piping & Instrumentation Diagram4. Utility Flow Diagram
Flow DiagramsFlow Diagrams• Block diagram
– Simplest and easiest to read– Provides overview of process
Block DiagramBlock Diagram
CDU Crude DistillationUnit
VDUVacuumDistillationUnit
HCU Hydro CrackingUnit
TGUThermalGasoilUnit
HydroDeSulfurization (HDS)
HydroTreatment (HDT)
SRU/SPU
Sulphur Recovery (Processing) Unit
HGUHydrogenGenerationUnit
AdipTreators
Flow DiagramsFlow DiagramsProcess Flow diagram (PFD)– Provides general idea of process– Information presented:– Major equipments (names, numbers, capacity)– Primary process lines – Important operation parameters (F, T, P, L)– Major instrumentation and control loop– Valves (for special situations)– Safety philosophy– Material balance tables
Note: Utility lines and spare equipments are not shown unless special situation
Process Flow Diagram
Flow DiagramsFlow Diagrams• Piping and Instrumentation diagram
(P&ID)– Process flow diagram in details.– ALL equipments with names, capacities,
sizes, important operation parameters.– ALL pipelines with piping codes and flow
directions.– ALL instrumentation (valves, gauges etc),
control loop– Safety philosophy
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
Flow DiagramsFlow Diagrams
• Utility Flow diagram (UFD)– Shows ALL equipments, instrumentation
and information related to the utilities. – Air, water, nitrogen, steam, condensate,
fuel oil/gas, flare.
Drawing PresentationDrawing Presentation• Isometric Drawing
• Orthographic Drawing– Front View– End View– Plan View
• Process Flow Drawing– Front or Plan View– Flow layout– Position of equipments– Elevation of equipments
• Process Flow & Utility Flow Diagrams may be kept separate.
Symbols - MechanicalSymbols - Mechanical
Main Process Line
Secondary Process LineUtility LineFuture Line
Underground Line
Line crossingNot connected
Line Junction
Jacketed Line
Traced Line
Flanged Joint
Y-TypeStrainer
SpectacleBlindSpade Blind
Reducer
Ejector
Mixer
Symbols- MechanicalSymbols- Mechanical
Suction inlet
DischargeOutlet
CentrifugalPump
CentrifugalCompressor
Blower Fan M Motor
Atmospheric Tank
Open Tank
Floating Tank
Gas Holder
Symbols - MechanicalSymbols - Mechanical
Cooling Coil
Heating Coil
Heat Exchanger
Vertical ReboilerHeat Exchanger
Furnace Coil
Coil Steam Generator
Rotary PositiveDisplacement Pump
ReciprocatingPump
Process & Process & Instrumentation Instrumentation
Drawing and SymbolsDrawing and Symbols1.1. CodesCodes
2.2. Line NumberingLine Numbering
3.3. General EquipmentGeneral Equipment
4.4. Symbols (Mechanical & Symbols (Mechanical & Instrument)Instrument)
5.5. AbbreviationsAbbreviations
Line NumberingLine Numbering
3” P 6001 - 3105 - I
Nominal Pipe Size
Line Service Description
Line Number
Piping Class Identification
Insulation Requirement
• P – Process
• G – Inert Gas (eg N2)
• S –Steam Condensate• W - water
• A – Air• D – Drain• F – Fuel• R - Refrigeration
Piping ClassesPiping Classes
3105
Pressure Rating
Piping Class
Color Codes on pipesColor Codes on pipes
Instrument Air
Fresh Water
Fire Water
Process/Product
Sour Gas
Sweet Gas
Inert Gas/Nitrogen
Types of Lines - ProcessTypes of Lines - Process
Types of Lines - ProcessTypes of Lines - Process
Types of Lines - Types of Lines - InstrumentationInstrumentation
Instrumentation CodeInstrumentation Code
1. F – Flow2. Fq – Quantity
(Volume)3. Fr – Flow Ratio
4. L – Level5. P – Pressure6. Pd – Pressure
Differential7. Q – Quality & Analysis8. S – Speed
9. T – Temperature
10.H – Hand11.A – Alarm12.C – Controlling13.E - Emergency14.I – Indicating15.R – Recording16.G - Gauge
Symbols - InstrumentSymbols - Instrument
P1
T
P
F
PW
RO
FW
H
Pressure Gauge withDiaphragm seal
Boss/Nozzle for Temp
Boss/Nozzle for Pressure
Boss/Nozzle for Flanges
Pressure conn w/valve
Restriction Orifice
Eg Orifice AssemblyWith plates & Valves
Venturi
Control ValveNormal Straight
Control ValveWith Handwheel
Control ValveAngle Type
General Equipment - ValvesGeneral Equipment - Valves
Globe Valve
Ball Valve
Needle Valve
Diaphragm Valve
Butterfly Valve
Plug Valve
Check Valve
Angle Valve
Relief Valve
Gate Valve