Chapter 1Verbs!
Weeks 1 and 2 Week 1: Verb (action word) Introduction Week 2: Noun (person, place, or thing)
Introduction
Key Concepts January 14• Verb agreement • Latin pronunciation:• Macrons • Diphthongs
Take home for the day
The Sentence
• Sentence=subject and main verb –everything else is just filler
• I am• He is
• Weepily, Wanda, having awoken late today, tells her instructor she deserves to be tardy.
Sentence The dog jumps
Sentence or Not sentence???
Not Sentence The dog good
Not sentenceTo go
Typical sentence Sally walks her small dog always.
Sally walks her small dog always.
Sally walks her small dog always. Subject: Sally Verb: walks Object: dog Possessive adjective: her Adjective: small Adverb: always
What sounds funny?? Sally walk her small dog always.
Is this a sentence?
What sounds funny?? Sally walk her small dog always.
Sally and walk do not agree.
Conjugation (the variation of the form)of walk
I walk We walk You walk Ya’ll walk He walks They walk
Latin Conjugations 1st Way: Amo, amare 2nd way: Habeō, habēre 3rd way: Alo, alere 4th way: Audio, audire
*there are four conjugations in Latin…easier than English!
I have, to have I cook, to cook I move, to move I live, to live
Verb• Definition: activity or state of being
I runYou runHe runs
We ranYou All rantHey ran
I will runYou will runHe will run
Run!To Run—what is this??
What kind of words are… I, we, she, he, it, they…
Personal pronouns=signal which person does the action
Keep in mind… In Latin, like in Romance languages, you
don’t always need a stated subject or personal pronoun to accompany a verb:
“She loves” vs. amat
Amat: “he, she, or it loves”
Pronunciation A e I O U
Latin Pronunciation• Syllables can be SHORT or LONG depending on the presence of a
MACRON (hamburger hot doglong, short, short; long, long)
dās vs dat
• DIPHTHONGS --combinations of two vowels that make one sound--e.g. AE
• Vita vs. vitae –this will matter!!
ae- AIsleau- hOUseei- rEIgneu- hEU –(ALAS!)oe- OIl ui-mUY
HW: http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=xCDPTbaRcPE http://english.clas.asu.edu/files/shared/
enged/VerbAgreement.pdf
Key Concepts January 15• Infinitive• Latin Personal endings• First conjugation
Principal Parts When you look a verb up in the
dictionary you get:
Infinitive• “To love” is the infinitive
• In Latin this is the SECOND PRINCIPAL PART
• Amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus, a um
• *vocabulary interlude!*
To say… “to love” Write: “amare”
“amatory” “amorous”etc.
CONJUGATION To conjugate a verb means to assign it person,
number, tense, mood, and voice: In English: I praise We praise
You praise You all praise He/she/it praise They praise
What signals person and number?
• Pronouns• Endings (have vs.
Haves)
Identifying a Conjugated verb in English
2nd. Person
Ya’ll went to class
Person (who is the subject?)
Number (singular or plural?) Plural
Tense (when did it take place—keep in mind Latin has 6!)
Present
Mood (indicative or subjunctive) Indicative
Voice (is the subject the doer?) Active
Personal Endings Instead of pronouns like ‘I’ and ‘you’, Latin relies
exclusively on ENDINGS To indicate the person LOOK TO YOUR ENDINGS!!!
1st Sg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” 2nd Sg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you
all” 3rd Sg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they”
• Tempus fugit • Cogitō ergo sum
Forming the present, indicative, active tense
1) Find your infinitive: e.g. laudo, laudāre, laudāvī, laudatus
2) Determine the verb’s stem by dropping the infinitive marker -“re” e.g. laudā-
3) Add the personal endings from the last slide
Conjugate laudāre
Now Conjugate: Vocō, Vocāre
1st Sg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” 2nd Sg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you
all” 3rd Sg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they”
1) Find your Latin Infinitive (second principal part of the verb) and determine the conjugation of the verb (-are =1st conjugation/-ēre=2nd conjugation)
e.g. laudare2) Determine the stem by dropping the infinitive marker -“re”
e.g. lauda-3) Add the personal endings from the last slide
First conjugation Any verb whose infinitive ends in “-are”
is the First conjugation
Key Concepts January 16• Second Conjugation• Imperative • Subject • Object• Adverb
Second Conjugation • Long ē conjugation
• N.B. When a long ē comes up against a –t or –nt ending, the long ē shortens to an e
Conjugate Salveō, salvēre 1st Sg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” 2nd Sg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you
all” 3rd Sg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they”
1) Find your Latin Infinitive (second principal part of the verb) and determine the conjugation of the verb (-are =1st conjugation/-ēre=2nd conjugation)
e.g. laudare2) Determine the stem by dropping the infinitive ker -“re”
e.g. lauda-3) Add the personal endings from the last slide
e.g. laudas in the second person singularN.B. When a long ē comes up against a –t or –nt ending, the long ē shortens to an e
Conjugation
Conjugate in present tense: Terreō, terrēre, terruī, territum
Imperative Mood
Imperative=commands—e.g. STUDY!!!
To form the singular command, use the stem
Laudāre laudā!Habēo habē!
Carpē diem! Salvē , Regina!
Imperative Mood
Imperative=commands—e.g. STUDY!!!
To form the plural command, use the stem +te
Laudāre laudāte!Habēo habēte!
Carpē diem! Salvē , Regina!
Object Carpē diem! –seize the day
What part of speech is “day”?
SubjectTempus fugit— “Time flies”
What part of speech is time?
Vocative!(from voco, vocare) Salvē Regina!
What part of speech is Regina???
Subject The dog runs
Object I like cats.
Subject We like to eat bbq.
Object We like to eat bbq.
Vocative! Hey ya’ll, what’s up?
What does it mean to “morph”? Morphology=the changing of
grammatical forms
Amo, amas, amat…
Syntax How the words fit together.
Caesar diem amat.
Break for Adverbs Slowslowly Always, never, sometimes Not ___