Chapter 1

fifth gradesocial studies

theory:

•A possible explanation

migration:

•the movement of people

technology:

•the use of scientific knowledge or tools to make or do something

agriculture:

•farming

civilization

• a culture that usually has cities and well developed forms of government, religion, and learning

diversity

•great differences among the people

confederation•a loose group of governments working together

cause•an event or an action that makes something else happen

effect•something that happens as a result of an event or action

navigation•the study or act of planning and controlling the course of a ship

expedition•a journey

conquistador• an explorer or soldier sent

by Spain to conquer and claim large areas of North and South America

empire•a conquered land of many people and places governed by one ruler

colony

•a settlement ruled by another country

missionary•A person sent out by a church to spread its religion

mission•A small religious settlement

slavery•The practice of holding people against their will and making them carry out orders

legislature•The lawmaking branch of a government

absolute location•The exact location of any place on Earth

lines of latitude •Lines that run east and west on a map or globe

parallels

•lines of latitude

lines of longitude•lines that run north and south on a map or globe

meridians•lines of longitude

prime meridian•the meridian marked 0 degrees and that runs north and south through Greenwich, England

charter•an official paper in which certain rights are given by a government to a person or business

constitution

•a plan of government

proprietary colony•a colony owned and ruled by one person

trial by jury •the judging of a person accused of a crime by a jury of fellow citizens

immigrant

•a person from one country who comes to live in another country

import

•a product brought in from another country

cash crop•a crop that is grown to be sold

royal colony •a colony ruled directly by a monarch

indentured servant • a person who agreed to

work for another person for a certain length of time in exchange for passage to North America

revolution

•a sudden, complete change, such as the overthrow of a government

representation •the action of having someone speaking for another

boycott•the refusal to buy certain goods

declaration•an official statement

competition•the contest among companies to get the most customers or sell the most goods

independence

•the freedom to govern on one’s own

treaty•an agreement between countries