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BIOLOGY FORM 4CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

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1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

The biosphereCells

Molecules

The scope of Biology- from the biosphere to molecules within a cell

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1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

Biology is a wide field of study and isdivided into numerous branches.

B

I

O

L

O

G

Y

Botany

Ecology

Zoology

Microbiology

Taxonomy

Biochemistry

Medicine

Anatomy

Genetics

Physiology

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1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

Students who study Biology can choose

from a wide range of careers.

Careersrelated to

Biology

Doctors

Dentists

Nurses

Physiotherapists Biotechnologists

Pharmacists

Environmentalengineers

Marinebiologists

Biochemists

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1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

A doctor diagnoses and treats

diseases

A dentist diagnoses and treats

diseases of the teeth and gum

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1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

A nurse is trained to take care

sick or injured people

A physiotherapist treats injury or

dysfunction with exercises and

other physical treatments

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1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

An environmental engineer

apply the principles of biology

and chemistry to provide

solutions to environmental

problems

A pharmacist prepares and

dispenses drugs that a doctor

prescribes for a patient

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1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

A marine biologist carry out

research on marine life

A pharmacist prepares and

dispenses drugs that a doctor

prescribes for a patient

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1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

A biochemist studies about the

chemicals and chemical

reactions in living organisms

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1.2 THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

The learning of Biology requires scientific

skills. Scientific skills can be divided into

two components:

(i) Science process skills

- Critical, analytical and creative

thinking skillswhich enable a scientist toformulate questions and find out

explanations to a phenomenon in a

systematic manner.

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1.2 THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

(ii) Manipulative skills

- Psychomotor skills that enables

scientists to carry out a scientific

investigations.

Scientists use the scientific method to

gather facts by a scientific manner. This

involves scientific investigation.

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1.2 THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

Identifying a problem

Forming a hypothesis

Planning the experiment

Identifying and controlling the variables

Conducting the experiment

Collecting data

Analysing and interpreting data

Make a conclusion

Writing a report

Form a

question

related to a

phenomenonA smart guess

to explain the

problemDetermine the

apparatus,

materials,

procedure of

the experiment

and the way to

collect data

Determine the

manipulated

variable,

responding variableand constant

variable and ways

to handle them

An

experiment is

carried out as

planned

Data from

observation and

measurement are

recorded in theform of a table,

graph or diagram

Determine the

relationship

between themanipulated

variable and

responding

variableDetermine

whether the data

that has been

analysed support

or refute thehypothesis

The results of

any

experiment

must bepresented in

writin

The steps in a scientific investigation

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1.2 THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

When conducting scientific investigations,

it is important for a Biology student to

practise positive scientific attitudes and

noble values.

Scientificattitudes andnoble values

Thankful toGod

Beingobjective

Beingsystematic

Beingcooperative

Considerate towardsothers and theenvironment

Being honestand accurate inrecording data

Critical andanalytical

thinking

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