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©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Introduction
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©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction1
Chapter 1
Introduction
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction2
Figure 1.1Simplified description of a control system
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction3
a. Early elevators were controlled by hand ropes or an elevator operator. Here, a rope is cut to demonstrate the safety brake, an innovation in earlyelevators;b. Modern Duo-lift elevators make their way up the Grande Arche in Paris, driven by one motor, with each car counterbalancing the other. Today, elevators are fully automatic, using control systems to regulate position and velocity.
Figure 1.2Elevators
Photos courtesy of United Technologies Otis Elevator.
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction4
Figure 1.3Rover was built towork in contaminatedareas at Three MileIsland in Middleton,PA, where a nuclearaccident occurred in1979. The remotecontrolled robot’s long arm can be seen at the front of the vehicle.
Photo © Hank Morgan/Rainbow/PNI.
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction5
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 1.4a. Video laser discplayer;b. objective lensreading pits on alaser disc;c. optical path forplayback showingtracking mirror rotated by a control system to keep the laser beam positioned on the pits.
(c) Pioneer Electronics, Inc.
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction6
Figure1.5Elevator input and output
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction7
Figure 1.6Block diagrams of control systems:a. open-loop system;b. closed-loop system
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction8
Figure 1.7Computer hard disk drive, showing disks and read/write head
Courtesy of Quantum Corp.
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction9
Figure 1.8The search forextraterrestrial life isbeing carried out withradio antennas like the one pictured here. A radio antenna is anexample of a systemwith position controls.
© Peter Menzel.
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction10
a. system concept;b. detailed layout;c. schematic;d. functional block diagram
Figure 1.9Antenna azimuth position control system:
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction11
Figure 1.10Response of a position control system showing effect of high and low controller gain on the output response
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction12
Figure 1.11The control system design process
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction13
Figure 1.12Equivalent block diagram for the antenna azimuth position control system
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction14
Table 1.1Test waveforms used in control systems
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction15
Figure P1.1Potentiometer
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction16
Figure P1.2Aircraft attitude defined
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction17
Figure P1.3Winder
© J. Ayers, 1988.
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction18
Figure P1.4Control of a nuclear reactor
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction19
Figure P1.5Grinder system
© 1997, ASME.
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction20
Figure P1.6High-speed proportional solenoid valve
© 1996, ASME.
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction21
Figure P1.7RL network
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction22
Figure P1.8RLC network
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction23
Figure P1.9High-speed rail system showing pantograph and catenary
© 1997, ASME.
©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e
Chapter 1: Introduction24
Table 1.1Test waveforms used in control systems
