CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE ENGINEMAN RATING This nonresident training course (NRTC) is designed to help you increase your knowledge in the various aspects of the Engineman (EN) rating. Knowledge of the information in this manual, combined with everyday practical experience, should help you learn to perform assigned tasks and accept greater responsibilities. At each stage of your naval career, you are aware that training on a continuous basis is essential if you are to reach your next desired pay grade, and for you to accomplish the mission of the Navy. Your contribution to the Navy depends on your willingness and ability to accept increasing responsibilities; as you advance in rate, you will accept responsibilities in military matters as well as in the occupational requirements of the Enginemen rating.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to do the following:

1. Identify the functions of the Engineman rating, to include duties and responsibilities. 2. Explain technical duties and responsibilities of an engineman. 3. State the purpose of the Navy Enlisted Classification Codes (NECs). 4. Describe the purpose and scope of Occupational Standards (OCCSTDs). 5. List some sources of advancement information for the Enginemen rating. 6. Describe the Ships' Maintenance and Material Management (3-M) System. 7. Identify the health programs designed to protect operators and maintenance personnel

working in the machinery spaces from heat exhaustion and hearing loss.

ENGINEMAN RATING The Engineman (EN) rating is a specific rating; it covers a narrow occupational field of duties and functions. ENs are assigned to restricted ships. On diesel ships, all Enginemen are assigned to M division, where they operate and maintain ship propulsion machinery and associated equipment such as pumps, compressors, valves, oil purifiers, heat exchangers, governors, reduction gears, shafts, and shaft bearings. Being assigned to Main Machinery (M) division, your responsibilities will vary; depending on the size of the ship you may be in charge of one of the engineering spaces, or you may act as the M division officer. The duties of an EN assigned to a repair ship, such as the engine overhaul shop or the governor and fuel injector shop, or tender may consist mainly of repairs and other services. Engineman chief (ENC) and above may also be selected to attend Diesel Inspector’s school and become a Navy diesel engine inspector, in some cases engineman first class (EN1) can attend the course but must complete 3 under instruction (UI) inspections conducted by a certified diesel engine inspector. It will depend on your training and your field of specialization. You may also be assigned as an instructor either at one of the Engineman schools or at a recruit training station, or as a recruiter. To qualify for instructor duty, you must successfully complete a course in instructor training. This manual is organized to give you a systematic understanding of your job. The occupational standards used in preparing the text are contained in the Manual of Navy Enlisted Manpower and Personnel Classifications and Occupational Standards, NAVPERS 18068F(series). We recommend that you study the Engineman section of NAVPERS 18068F(series) to gain an understanding of the skills required of an EN. Then, study the subject matter in this NRTC very

carefully. The knowledge you gain will enable you to become a more proficient operator and mechanic, and the Navy will profit from your skills. As you advance in the EN rate, your responsibilities for military leadership will be the same as those of petty officers in other ratings, but your responsibilities for technical leadership will be unique to your rating and directly related to your work as an Engineman. Operating and maintaining a ship’s engineering plant and associated equipment requires teamwork along with a special kind of leadership that can be developed only by personnel who have a high degree of technical competence and a deep sense of personal responsibility. You should strive to improve your leadership and technical knowledge through study, observation, and practical application. As an EN, you demonstrate technical leadership when you follow orders exactly, when you observe safety precautions, when you accept responsibility, when you continue to increase your knowledge, and when you perform every detail of your work with integrity and reliability. Integrity of work is really a key factor in technical leadership, and all other factors relate to it in some way. When you perform every job just as well as you can, and when you constantly work to increase your knowledge, you demonstrate integrity of work in a concrete, practical, everyday sort of way. When your work has integrity, you are demonstrating technical leadership.

Scope of This Nonresident Training Course Before studying any book, it is a good idea to know the purpose and the scope of that book. Here are some things you should know about this training manual:

• The occupational qualifications that were used as a guide in the preparation of this training manual were those promulgated in the Navy Enlisted Manpower and Personnel Classifications and Occupational Standards, NAVPERS 18068F(series).

• This training manual includes information that is related to both the knowledge and the Occupational Standards for advancement to Engineman rating. However, no training manual can take the place of actual on-the-job experience for developing skill in the practical factors. This training manual can help you understand some of the whys and wherefores, but you must combine knowledge with practical experience before you can develop the required skills.

• Subsequent chapters in this training manual deal with the technical subject matter of the Engineman rating. It is designed to give you information on the occupational qualifications for advancement to in the Engineman rating. Before studying these chapters, study the table of contents and note the arrangement of information. You will find it helpful to get an overall view of the organization of this training manual before you start to study it.

TECHNICAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES As you attain each higher promotional level in your rating, you, as well as the Navy, benefit. The fact that you are using this training manual indicates that you have found personal satisfaction in developing your skills, increasing your knowledge, and getting ahead in your chosen career. The extent of your contribution to the Navy depends upon your willingness and ability to accept increasing responsibilities. ENs must become technical specialists in their rating; some of those traits that they perform efficiently include:

1. Operating and maintaining internal combustion engines and auxiliary engine room machinery. 2. Performing overhaul and repair work on internal combustion engines, using established

procedures for disassembly, replacement, and reassembly. 3. Conducting routine tests and inspections of all engine room machinery. 4. Using measuring instruments needed in engine overhaul, such as micrometers, feeler gages,

and inside and outside calipers.

5. Reading accurately such instruments as thermometers, pressure gages, and pressure indicators.

6. Operating and making repairs to distilling systems. You can already do many of these jobs, though others you will have to learn from additional practical experience and through study. Certain practical details that relate to your responsibilities for administration, supervision, and training are discussed in subsequent chapters of this training manual.

Your Responsibilities Will Extend Both Upward and Downward Officers and supervisors will expect you to carry out their orders. Enlisted personnel will expect you to translate the general orders to on-the-job language that can be understood and followed even by relatively inexperienced personnel. In dealing with your juniors, it is up to you to see that they perform their work properly. At the same time, you must be able to explain to officers any important needs or problems pertaining to the enlisted personnel.

You Will Have Regular and Continuing Responsibilities for Training Even if you are fortunate enough to have a highly skilled and well trained group, you will still find that additional training is necessary. You will always be responsible for training lower rated personnel to perform their assigned tasks. Problems will require you to be a training specialist who can train individuals and groups in the effective execution of assigned tasks.

You Will Have Increasing Responsibilities for Working With Others You will find that many of your plans and decisions affect a large number of people, some of whom are not in your division and some of whom are not even in the engineering department. It becomes increasingly important to understand the duties and responsibilities of personnel in other ratings. and plan your own work so that it will fit in with the overall mission of the organization.

As Your Responsibilities Increase, Your Ability To Communicate Clearly and Effectively Must Also Increase The basic requirement for effective communication is knowledge of your own language. Remember that the basic function of all communication understands. To lead, supervise, and train others, you must be able to speak and write in such a way that others can understand exactly what you mean. A second requirement for effective communication in the Navy is a sound knowledge of the Navy way of saying things. When a situation calls for the use of standard Navy terminology, use it. Still another requirement for effective communication is precision in the use of technical terms. Command of the technical language of the job is particularly important when you are dealing with lower rated personnel. Command of technical language will also enable you to exchange ideas with other personnel of the same rating. Personnel who do not understand the precise meaning of terms used in connection with the work of their own rating are at a disadvantage when they try to read official publications relating to their work. They are also at a great disadvantage when taking written examinations for advancement.

You Will Have Increased Responsibilities for Keeping up With New Developments Practically everything in the Navy policies, procedures, equipment, publications, and systems is subject to change and development. An EN must keep informed about all changes and new developments that might affect your rating or your work. Some changes will be called directly to your attention; others you will have to look for. Keep up to date on all sources of technical information.

Information on sources of primary concern to the EN is given later in this chapter. As you prepare to assume increased responsibilities at a higher level, you need to be familiar with (1) the military requirements and occupational standards given in the Navy Enlisted Manpower and Personnel Classifications and Occupational Standards, NAVPERS 18068F(series); (2) any other material that may be required or recommended in the most current edition of the Bibliography for Advancement Examination Study, NAVEDTRA 10052. These materials and their use are discussed more thoroughly in Military Requirements for Petty Officers First Class NAVEDTRA 14145 and Military Requirements for Chief Petty Officer NAVEDTRA 14144(series),

Watch Duties and Responsibilities As you progress through your rate, you may be required to assist the division officer in organizing, supervising, and instructing other personnel in their military duties as well as in their specialties. This duty includes assisting in the assignment of watch stations and other duties. Every watch in the engineering department is a vital part of the ship’s maintenance and operation program. The engineer officer is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the main engines and auxiliary machinery. However, the EN1s or ENCs and the personnel they supervise on the various watches actually do most of the work. Therefore, it is very important that the petty officers in charge learn and understand the extent of their responsibility to the engineer officer.

Engineering Officer of the Watch (EOOW) The following excerpts from chapter 10 of Navy Regulations describe some of the duties of the officer of the engine room watch:

• “Status, Authority, and Responsibility. The EOOW is responsible for the safe and proper operation of the ship’s entire engineering plant, the Engineering watch team and for the performance of the duties.” Prescribed by the Engineering Department Organizational Readiness Manual (EDORM) Article 2403, and by other competent authority.”

• “Directing and Relieving the EOOW. The engineer officer, or in their absence, the main propulsion assistant may direct the engineering officer of the watch concerning the duties of the watch, or may assume charge of the watch, and shall do so should it, in their judgment, be necessary.”

• “Relation with the Officer of the Deck (OOD). The EOOW shall ensure that all orders received from the officer of the deck are promptly and properly executed. They shall not permit the main engines to be turned except as authorized or ordered by the OOD.”

• “Reports by the EOOW. EOOW shall report promptly to the officer of the deck and the engineer officer any actual or probable derangement of machinery, boilers, or auxiliaries which may affect the proper operation of the ship.”

• “Reports to the EOOW shall be promptly informed of any engineering work or change in disposition of machinery which may affect the proper operation of the plant or endanger personnel, or which is required for entry in the record of their watch.”

• “Inspection and Operation of Machinery. The EOOW shall make frequent inspections of the engines, boilers, and their auxiliaries; and shall ensure that prescribed tests, methods of operation, and instructions pertaining to the safety of personnel and material are strictly observed.”

• “Records and Logs. The EOOW shall ensure that the engineering log, engineer’s bell book, and prescribed operating records are properly kept. On being relieved, they shall sign the engineering log and the engineer’s bell book for that watch.”

Engine Room Supervisor/Engineman of the Watch (ENOW) The ENOW is responsible for the operating the main engines and associated auxiliaries, as directed by the EOOW. Ensure that instrument reading are properly recorded and that all logs and records associated with Engine room watch stations are properly kept. Ensure lube oil strainers are cleaned and inspected according to Engineering Operational Sequencing System (EOSS)/Planned Maintenance System (PMS) requirements.

Diesel Engine Operator The Diesel Engine Operator is responsible for the operating the Main Propulsion Diesel Engine’s (MPDE’s) associated auxiliary machinery, and other duties as assigned as by the Engine Room/ Space Supervisor or EOOW. Verify MPDE is aligned for operation in accordance with (IAW) current ships EOSS and ensure mechanical and free ends are clear from all obstructions before turning over the Engine. Once started monitor MPDE for normal operating parameters and any indication of unusual noise and vibrations. Report problem and take immediate actions to correct abnormalities. Keep the EOOW/Space Supervisor informed of actions and intentions.

Engineering Department Duty Officer (EDO) In ships not underway, the commanding officer may authorize the standing of a day’s duty in lieu of the continuous watch of the engineering officer of the watch. When authorized, the duties of the engineering officer of the watch are assigned in port to the EDO. The EDO, assigned by the engineer officer, must be a qualified engineering officer of the watch. On some ships, chief petty officers may be assigned as the engineering department duty officer. In the temporary absence of the engineer officer, the duties of the engineer officer may be performed by the EDO. If the engineer officer is on board, the duty officer reports the condition of the department to their to the eight o’clock reports. In the absence of the engineer officer, the duty officer makes the eight o’clock reports for the department to the executive officer or Command Duty Officer (CDO). The EDO, in addition to such other duties as may be properly assigned to them, is responsible for:

1. The alertness and proper performance of all personnel of the engineering watches. 2. The safe and economical operation of all engineering machinery and systems in use. 3. The elimination of fire and flooding hazards and the prevention of sabotage. 4. The security of all engineering spaces. In order to determine the actual conditions that exist in

the engineering space and to evaluate the performance of watch personnel, the duty officer must make frequent inspections of the engineering spaces.

5. The proper maintenance of all machinery operating logs, and for writing and signing the engineering log for the period he/she is on duty.

Standing Watches As the watchstander, you will be the “eyes” of the engineering department. You will be responsible for the orderly appearance and cleanliness of your assigned station. Prior to standing watch, you should thoroughly inspect all existing conditions, such as the operating condition of machinery and firefighting equipment, leaks, and potential fire hazards. If a casualty occurs, you should take immediate steps to control it, as well as promptly notify the proper authority. You should strictly observe all operating instructions, regulations, and safety precautions. You should never leave your station unless you have permission from proper authority to do so, or are properly relieved. You

should promptly execute all standing or special orders. When relieved, you should pass on to the relieving watch all information concerning existing conditions and special orders.

Engine Room Auxiliary Watch Auxiliary watches are maintained underway and in port to provide hotel services. The engine room auxiliary watch maintained in port includes a petty officer in charge and one or more Firemen; they are responsible for seeing that an efficient and economical watch is being stood. All machinery not in operation must be checked to see that it has been properly secured. The petty officer in charge of the auxiliary watch is responsible for the proper operation of the ship’s service generator and associated machinery; however, the operation of the electrical equipment is the responsibility of an Electrician’s Mate. The petty officer in charge checks to see that all operating machinery is lubricated as prescribed by the operating instructions. They will ensure that the fire and flushing pumps are inspected for satisfactory operation and that the prescribed pressure is maintained in the firemain. Except in emergencies, the engine room auxiliary watch does not make any changes such as stopping, starting, or shifting ship’s service generators without first notifying the Electrician’s Mate and the petty officer in charge of the watch. A watch going off duty will not be considered relieved until the engine room is clean, all operating logs and records are correct, and information concerning the status of the machinery in operation, orders, special orders, and non-completed orders have been given to the relief.

Cold-Iron Watches Under certain prescribed conditions (such as when a ship moves alongside a repair ship or tender, or into a naval shipyard, and is receiving power from these activities) a security and fire watch is usually set by each division. This security watch is commonly known as a cold-iron watch. Each cold-iron watch makes frequent inspections of the assigned area and checks for fire hazards, flooding, or other unusual conditions throughout the area. The coldiron watch keeps bilges reasonably free of water in accordance with applicable instructions. Hourly reports on existing conditions are made to the OOD. All unusual conditions are immediately reported to the OOD and to the EDO, so that the proper division or department can be notified to take the necessary corrective measures. When welding or burning is to be performed in the area, the coldiron watch checks to see that a fire watch is stationed. If the ship is in drydock, the watch must check all sea valves, after working hours, to see that the valves are secured or blanked off. The watch must make sure that oil or water is not being pumped into the drydock.

NAVY ENLISTED CLASSIFICATION CODES The Engineman rating is a basis of a number of Navy enlisted classification (NEC) codes. The NEC coding system is a form of management control, which identifies skills and training required for specific types of operations or equipment. The Chief of Naval Personnel details skilled personnel to those ships that require these skills. There are a number of NECs that you may earn at pay grades by satisfactorily completing an applicable course of instruction at a Navy school. Your personnel office will have complete information on NECs and qualification procedures.

OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS Occupational standards are the minimum task requirements that are directly related to the work of each rating, and they are divided into subject matter groups. In the Manual of Navy Enlisted Manpower and Personnel Classifications and Occupational Standards, NAVPERS 18068F(series), Section I contains the occupational standards for advancement to each pay grade. Section II contains the NECs. The occupational standards addressed in this NRTC were those included in NAVPERS 18068F(series) and were the current occupational standards for Engineman. Your educational

services officer should have a current edition of the occupational standards that apply to your rating at this time, or the current version can be found online.

PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION STANDARDS (PQS) The Personnel Qualification Standards (PQS) program is the result of an increasing need for greater technical know-how within the Navy, and the PQS documents are the guides to the qualification of personnel for this purpose. The PQS program is found at https://wwwa.nko.navy.mil/portal/home.

Qualifier The PQS Qualifier is designated in writing by the Commanding Officer to sign off individual watchstation line items. Qualifiers will normally be E-5 or above and, as a minimum, must have completed the PQS they are authorized to sign off. The names of designated Qualifiers should be made known to all members of the unit or department. The means of maintaining this listing is at the discretion of individual commands. For more information on the duties and responsibilities of PQS Qualifiers, see the PQS Unit Coordinator’s Guide, NAVEDTR 43100-1(series).

Contents PQS is divided into three sections. The 100 Section (Fundamentals) contains the fundamental knowledge from technical manuals and other texts necessary to satisfactorily understand the watchstation/workstation duties. The 200 Section (Systems) is designed to acquaint you with the systems you will be required to operate at your watchstation/workstation. The 300 Section (Watchstations) lists the tasks you will be required to satisfactorily perform in order to achieve final PQS qualification for a particular watchstation/workstation. All three sections may not apply to each PQS, but where applicable, detailed explanations are provided at the front of each section.

Trainee The supervisor will tell you which watchstations/workstations you are to complete and in what order. Before getting started, turn to the 300 Section first and find your watchstation/workstation. This will tell you what you should do before starting your watchstation/workstation tasks. You may be required to complete another PQS, a school, or other watchstations/workstations within this PQS. It will also tell you which fundamentals and/or systems from this PQS you must complete prior to qualification at your watchstation/workstation. If you have any questions or are unable to locate references, contact your supervisor or qualifier. The PQS are separated into three main subdivisions:

• 100 Series—FUNDAMENTALS

• 200 Series—SYSTEMS

• 300 Series—WATCHSTATIONS

Fundamentals (100 Section) Keeping in mind the Law of Primacy, each PQS begins with a fundamentals section covering the basic knowledge and principles needed to understand the equipment or duties to be studied. This section will contain topics that apply broadly to the subject on which the particular PQS has been written. Each newly developed or revised PQS Book shall contain a 101 Safety Section. All references cited for study are to be selected according to their credibility and availability. NRTCs should be used as references, if appropriate. A portion of any given fundamentals section may be devoted to ensuring the trainee's vocabulary is adequate by calling for explanations of technical terms and acronyms used within the Standard. Thus,

the fundamentals section has direct application to the formal school situation or to self-study for the trainee who has not attended a specialized school.

Systems (200 Section) Basic Building Blocks. Each piece of equipment relevant to the PQS is broken down into smaller, more comprehensible functional "systems" as the basic building blocks in the learning process. Each system is written to reflect specific watchstation requirements by identifying the equipment most relevant to one or more designated watch standers. The less complex systems may be identified and covered quickly or relegated to a lower priority to permit greater emphasis on more significant or complex systems.

Systems, Components, and Component Parts Any given system is disassembled, for learning, into two levels. Systems have components (sometimes referred to as subsystems), and components have parts. A PQS will list all items that must be understood for operation, but will not list every item appearing on a parts list in the technical manual. Normally a number of very broad (overview) systems are disassembled into their components or component parts with the "big picture" as the learning goal. Items listed as components in such a system may then be analyzed as separate systems and broken down into components and component parts. For example, the turbo-generators and switch-gears may be listed as components of the Ship's Service Electrical Distribution System and as individual Systems on later pages for closer study.

Watchstations (300 Section) This section tests the trainee's readiness or ability to perform a designated task. The terminology in the PQS considers a sailor to be "on watch" whenever the sailor physically operates the equipment. The goal of the watchstation section is to guide the trainee in categorizing, analyzing, and performing the step-by-step procedures required to obtain qualification.

Operating Procedures The PQS deliberately makes no attempt to specify the procedures to be used to complete a task or to control or correct a casualty. The only proper sources of this information are the Technical Manuals, Engineering Operating Sequencing Systems (EOSS), Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS), or other policy-making documents prepared for a specific installation or a piece of equipment. Additionally, the level of accuracy required of a trainee may vary from school to school, ship to ship, or squadron to squadron based upon mission requirements. Thus, proficiency may be confirmed only through demonstrated performance at a level of competency sufficient to satisfy the Commanding Officer.

Discussion Items Though actual performance of evolutions is always preferable to observation or discussion, some items listed in each watchstation may be satisfied by discussions with a qualified supervisor due to the nature of the event or evolution.

Qualification Progress Summary The qualification progress summary is mandatory in all books with more than one Final Qualification. It lists all of the watchstations or the aircrew evolutions’ final qualifications in the PQS and is used to track the progress of a trainee in these qualifications and ensure awareness of remaining tasks. It should be kept by the trainee and in the trainee’s training jacket and updated with an appropriate

signature (Training Petty Officer, Division Officer, Senior Watch Officer, etc.) as qualifications are completed.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION One of the most useful things you can learn about a subject is how to find out the most about it. No single publication can give you all the information you will need to perform the duties of your rating. You should learn where to find other accurate, authoritative, up-to-date information on all subjects. Some of the publications discussed here are subject to change or revision from time to time, some at regular intervals, others as the need arises. When using any publication that is subject to change or revision, be sure you have the latest edition. When using any publication that is kept current by means of changes, be sure you have a copy in which all official changes have been entered.

Bibliography for Advancement Examination Study NAVEDTRA 10052 The Bibliography for Advancement Examination Study, NAVEDTRA 10052 is a very important publication for anyone preparing for advancement. This publication lists required and recommended rate training manuals and other reference material to be used by personnel working for advancement. NAVEDTRA 10052 is revised and issued once each year by the Naval Education Training and Program Development Center. Each revised edition is identified by a letter following the NAVEDTRA number; be SURE you have the most recent edition. In NAVEDTRA 10052, the required and recommended references are listed by pay grade level. It is important to remember that you are responsible for all references used at lower levels, as well as those listed for the pay grade to which you are seeking advancement. It is important to note that all references, whether mandatory or recommended, listed in NAVEDTRA 10052, may be expected to be used as source material for the written examinations at the appropriate levels. RTMs that are marked with an asterisk (*) in NAVEDTRA 10052 are MANDATORY at the indicated levels. A mandatory training manual may be completed by (1) passing the appropriate Enlisted Correspondence Course based on the mandatory training manual, (2) passing locally prepared tests based on the information given in the mandatory training manual, or (3), in some cases, successfully graduating from an appropriate Navy school.

Nonresident Training Courses (NRTCs) There are two general types of NRTCs: rating manuals and subject matter manuals. Rating manuals (such as this one) are prepared for most enlisted ratings. A rating manual gives information that is directly related to the occupational standards of one rating. Subject Matter manuals or Basic manuals give information that applies to more than one rating. (Example: Tools and Their Uses, NAVEDTRA 14256.) NRTCs have major revisions from time to time to keep them up to date technically, and as they are printed on demand and available on CD and online, minor revisions and corrections are made constantly. NRTCs are designed to help you prepare for advancement. The following suggestions may help you make the best use of these manuals and other Navy training publications when you prepare for advancement.

1. Study the occupational standards for your rating before you study the training manual, and refer to the standards frequently as you study. Remember, you are studying the manual primarily to meet these standards.

2. Set up a regular study plan. It will probably be easier for you to stick to a schedule if you can study at the same time each day. Try to schedule your studying for a time of day when you will not have too many interruptions or distractions.

3. Before you study any part of the manual intensively, become familiar with the entire book. Read the preface and the table of contents. Check through the index. Thumb through the book

without any particular plan. Look at the illustrations and read bits here and there as you see things that interest you. Review the glossary, which provides definitions that apply to words or terms as they are used within the engineering field and within the text. There are many words with more than one meaning. Do not assume that you know the meaning of a word. Look it up in the glossary.

4. Look at the NRTC in more detail to see how it is organized. Look at the table of contents again. Then, chapter by chapter, read the introduction, the headings, and the subheadings. This will give you a pretty clear picture of the scope and content of the book. As you look through the book, ask yourself some questions: What do I need to learn about this? What do I already know about this? How is this information related to information given in other chapters? How is this information related to the occupational standards?

5. When you have a general idea of what is in the NRTC and how it is organized, fill in the details by intensive study. Try to cover a complete unit in each study period—it may be a chapter, a section of a chapter, or a subsection. The amount of material that you can cover at one time will depend on how well you know the subject.

6. In studying any one unit—chapter, section, or subsection—write down questions as they occur to you. You may find it helpful to make a written outline of the unit, or, at least, to write down the most important ideas.

7. As you study, relate the information in the NRTC to the knowledge you already have. When you read about a process, a skill, or a situation, try to see how this information ties in with your own past experience.

8. When you have finished studying a unit, take time out to see what you have learned. Look back over your notes and questions. Maybe some of your questions have been answered, but perhaps you still have some that are not answered. Without looking at the NRTC, write down the main ideas that you have gotten from studying this unit. Do not just quote the book. If you cannot give these ideas in your own words, the chances are that you have not really mastered the information.

9. Think of your future as you study NRTCs. You are working for advancement to a higher rate. Anything extra that you can learn now will also help you later.

Rate Training Manuals Most rate training manuals (RTMs) are written for the specific purpose of helping personnel prepare for advancement. You can tell whether or not a rate training manual you are using is the latest edition by checking the Catalog of Nonresident Training Courses (NRTCs), NAVEDTRA 12061, found online at https://wwwa.nko.navy.mil/gear/library/download?document_id=568700033. (NAVEDTRA 12061 is actually a catalog that lists all current NRTCs; you will find this catalog useful in planning your study program). There are four rate training manuals that are specially prepared to present information on the military requirements for advancement. These manuals are:

• Basic Military Requirements, NAVEDTRA 14325(series)

• Military Requirements for Petty Officer 3 & 2, NAVEDTRA 14504(series)

• Military Requirements for Petty Officer 1, NAVEDTRA 14145(series)

• Military Requirement for Chief Petty Officer, NAVEDTRA 14144(series) Each of the military requirements manuals is available for multiple pay grade levels. In addition to giving information on the military requirements, these four books give a good deal of useful

information on the enlisted rating structure; on how to prepare for advancement; on how to supervise, train, and lead other people; and on how to meet increasing responsibilities as you advance in rating. Some of the rate training manuals that may be useful to you when you are preparing to meet the occupational qualifications for advancement are discussed briefly in the following paragraphs.

Tools and Their Uses Tools and their uses, NAVEDTRA 14256(series) contains a good deal of useful information on the care and use of all types of handtools and portable power tools commonly used in the Navy.

Mathematics Mathematics, Vol. 1, NAVEDTRA 10069(series), and Mathematics, Vol. 2, NAVEDTRA 10071(series) may be helpful if you need to brush up on your mathematics. Volume 1 contains basic information that is needed for using formulas and for making simple computations. Volume 2 contains more advanced information than you will need for most purposes. However, occasionally, you may find the information in this book to be helpful. Rate training manuals prepared for other Group VII (Engineering and Hull) ratings are often a useful source of information. Reference to these training manuals will broaden your knowledge of the duties and skills of other personnel in the engineering department. The training manuals prepared for Machinist’s Mates and Machinery Repairmen are likely to be of particular interest to you. For a complete listing of rate training manuals, consult the List of Training Manuals and Correspondence Courses, NAVEDTRA 12061(series).

Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) Publications A number of publications issued by the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) will be of interest to you. While you do not need to know everything, you should have a general idea of where to find information in NAVSEA publications. The Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) is a basic doctrine publication of NAVSEA. To allow the ship to distribute copies to the working spaces where information is required, chapters are now issued as separate paper-bound volumes. Some chapters are kept up to date by means of yearly revisions. Chapters are reviewed less frequently where yearly revisions are not necessary. In chapters where intra-year changes are required, either an intrayear edition or a NAVSEA Notice is distributed as a temporary supplement for use pending issue of the new edition of the chapter. You will find chapters in NSTM of particular importance to the Engineman referenced in this training manual. For a list of all chapters in the manual, see appendix A, chapter 001.

Training Films Training films which are available to naval personnel are a valuable source of supplementary information on many technical subjects. When selecting a film, note its date of issue in the film catalog. As you know, procedures sometimes change rapidly. Thus some films become obsolete rapidly. If a film is obsolete only in part, it may sometimes be shown effectively if before or during its showing you carefully point out to trainees the procedures that have changed. When you plan to show a film to train personnel, take a look at it in advance, if possible, so that you may spot material that may have become obsolete, then verify current procedures by looking them up in the appropriate sources before showing the film.

NAVAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (NAVEDTRA) PUBLICATIONS The Naval Education and Training Command and its field activities come directly under the command of the Commander, Naval Education and Training Command. Training materials published by the Naval Education and Training Command are designated as NAVEDTRA. The naval training publications described here include some that are absolutely essential for anyone seeking advancement and some that are not essential, but extremely helpful.

Bibliography for Advancement Study Bibliography for Advancement Study NAVEDTRA 10052 (Bibs) lists recommended nonresident training courses and other reference materials that should be used by enlisted personnel who are working toward advancement. Bibs is revised and maintained by the NETPDTC. The recommended references are listed by exam date and pay grade. Since you are working for advancement to the next pay grade, study the material that is listed for that pay grade. Besides nonresident training courses, the Bibs list official publications on which you may be examined. You should not only study the sections required, but also become as familiar as possible with all publications you use.

Advancement Handbook The purpose of the Advancement Handbook is to help you focus your preparation for the Navy-wide advancement-in-rating examinations. The Bibs together with the handbook form a comprehensive examination study package. The publications issued by the Naval Sea Systems Command are of particular importance to engineering department personnel. Although you do not need to know everything in these publications, you should have a general idea of where to find the information in them.

Naval Ships’ Technical Manual The Naval Ships’ Technical Manual is the basic engineering doctrine publication of the Naval Sea Systems Command. The manual is kept up to date by means of quarterly changes. As new chapters are issued, they are designated by a new chapter numbering system. The following chapters of the Naval Ships’ Technical Manual are of particular importance to the Engineman. For your convenience, both the new and old numbers for each chapter are listed. NEW OLD CHAPTER 078 (9950) Gaskets and Packing 079 (3) (9880, Sec. III) Damage Control Engineering Casualty Control 233 (9412) Diesel Engines 241 (9420) Propulsion Reduction Gears and Coupling, Clutches and Associated Components 244 (943 1) Propulsion Bearings and Seals 262 (9450) Lubricating Oils, Greases, Specialty Lubricants and Lubricating Systems 503 (9470) Pumps 505 (9480) Piping Systems 541 (9550) Ship’s Fuel and Fuel Systems 542 Gasoline and JP-5 Fuel Systems

551 (9490) Compressed Air Plants and Systems 556 ((210) Hydraulic Equipment (Power Transmission and Controls) 562 (9220) Surface Ship Steering 593 (None) Pollution Control

Deckplate The Deckplate is published bimonthly and is a technical periodical in magazine form. It is published by NAVSEA and contains articles on design, construction, new developments in naval engineering, and repair of naval vessel and their equipment and other technical equipment.

Manufacturers’ Technical Manuals The manufacturers’ technical manuals furnished with most machinery units and many items of equipment are valuable sources of information on construction, operation, maintenance, and repair. The manufacturers’ technical manuals that are furnished with most shipboard engineering equipment are given NAVSEA numbers.

Blueprint Reading and Sketching As an EN, you will read and work from mechanical drawings. You will find information on how to read and interpret drawings in Blueprint Reading and Sketching, NAVEDTRA 14040. You must also know how to locate applicable drawings. For some purposes, the drawings included in the manufacturers’ technical manuals for the machinery or equipment may give you the information you need. In many cases, however, you will find it necessary to consult the onboard drawings. These are sometimes referred to as ship’s plans or ship’s blueprints, and they are listed in an index called the ship’s drawing index (SDI). The SDI lists all working drawings that have a NAVSEA drawing number, all manufacturers’ drawings designated as certification data sheets, equipment drawing lists, and assembly drawings that list detail drawings.

SHIPS’ MAINTENANCE AND MATERIAL MANAGEMENT (3-M) SYSTEMS The 3-M System is the nucleus for managing maintenance aboard all ships and applicable shore station equipment. This system provides all maintenance and material managers throughout the Navy with a means to plan, acquire, organize, direct, control, and evaluate the manpower and material resources expended or planned for expenditure in support of maintenance. It is imperative that all hands recognize the importance of this system, and understand the role each plays in assisting management in maintaining the material readiness of equipment in the fleet at the designated levels of reliability. The term “Management” includes the work center aboard the ship through all levels of command to the higher echelon of management at Navy Headquarters in Washington, D.C. and Chief of Naval Operations.

Planned Maintenance System (PMS) The Planned Maintenance System (PMS) is an overall management tool that provides a simple and efficient way in which basic maintenance on all equipment can be planned, scheduled, controlled, and performed. The information in this section is intended to provide you with an overview in terms of the purposes, benefits, and limitations of the PMS.

Purposes of PMS The PMS was established for several purposes:

• Reduce complex maintenance to simplified procedures that are easily identified and managed at all levels.

• Define the minimum planned maintenance required to schedule and control PMS performances.

• Describe the methods and tools to be used.

• Provide for the detection and prevention of impending casualties.

• Forecast and plan manpower and material requirements.

• Plan and schedule maintenance tasks.

• Estimate and evaluate material readiness.

• Detect areas requiring additional or improved personnel training and improved maintenance techniques or attention.

• Provide increased readiness of the ship.

Benefits of PMS By using PMS, the commanding officer can readily determine whether the ship is being properly maintained. Reliability is intensified. Preventive maintenance reduces the need for major corrective maintenance, increases economy, and saves the cost of repairs. PMS assures better records since it provides additional useful data to the shipboard maintenance manager. Its flexibility allows for the programming of inevitable changes in employment schedules. This advantage helps the shipboard maintenance manager to plan preventive maintenance more effectively. Better leadership and management can be realized if a manager can reduce frustrating breakdowns and irregular hours of work. Consequently, PMS offers a means of improving morale and thus enhances the effectiveness of all hands.

Limitations of PMS The PMS is not self-starting, and it does not automatically produce good results; considerable professional guidance is required. Continuous direction at all levels must be maintained. One individual must be assigned both the authority and the responsibility at each level of the system’s operation. Training in the maintenance steps as well as in the system is necessary. No system is a substitute for the actual, technical ability required of the petty officers who direct and perform the upkeep of the equipment.

Maintenance Data System (MDS) The Maintenance Data System (MDS) works to collect maintenance data and to store it for future use. MDS comes from the current ship’s maintenance project (CSMP), automated work request, and Board of Inspection and Survey (pre-INSURV) deficiency, and is a means for the fleet to report configuration changes to equipment. As Engineman, you will be required to learn how to prepare various MDS forms. In the following sections of this chapter, we will discuss two of the MDS reports with which you will come into contact. These reports are (1) the Ship’s Maintenance Action Form (OPNAV 4790/2K), and (2) the Current Ship’s Maintenance Project.

Ship’s Maintenance Action Form The Ship’s Maintenance Action Form, OPNAV 4790/2K, reports deferred maintenance actions and completed maintenance actions (including those previously deferred). It also allows the entry of screening and planning information for management and control of intermediate maintenance activity workloads. The OPNAV 4790/2K is originated in the work center. It is screened by the division officer and engineer officer for accuracy and legibility. It is then initialed by the division officer and engineer officer before being forwarded to the 3-M coordinator. When it is used to defer maintenance, the 3-M coordinator will send two copies of it back to the originating work center to hold on file. When the deferred maintenance is completed, one of the copies is used to document the completion of the maintenance.

Current Ship’s Maintenance Project (CSMP) The standard CSMP is a computer-produced report. It lists deferred maintenance and alterations which have been identified through Maintenance Data Collection System (MDCS) reporting. Copies of the CSMP should be received monthly. The engineer officer gets a copy for each of the engineering department work centers. Each work center gets a copy with its own deferred maintenance only. CSMP is to provide shipboard maintenance managers with a consolidated listing of deferred corrective maintenance so they can manage and control their accomplishment. The work center supervisors are responsible for ensuring the CSMP accurately describes the material condition of their work center. Each month when a new CSMP is received, verified, and updated, the old CSMP may be destroyed. The current Ships’ Maintenance and Material Management (3-M) Manual, OPNAVINST 4790.4, contains complete instructions and procedures for the completion and routing of all 3-M Systems forms.

HEALTH PROGRAMS There are two health programs with which you will be directly involved in day-to-day operations in the engine room: heat stress and hearing conservation.

Heat Stress Heat stress is caused by high heat and humidity in the engine room. This can be controlled somewhat by ensuring that all lagging and insulation is in its proper place, that steam and hot water leaks are corrected, and that all the ventilation systems are operating as designed. You can ensure that readings are taken and recorded at each watch or work station every hour and at any other time that the temperature exceeds 100 °F dry-bulb temperature. You can ensure that they are reported to the EOOW so that a heat survey can be conducted, stay times can be enforced, and corrective action can be taken. For further information refer to the Navy Occupational Safety and Health Program Manual, OPNAVINST 5100.19, Vol. 1(series) and OPNAVINST 5100.23(series) and the Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine, NAVMED P-5010, Chapter 3.

Hearing Conservation The loud, high-pitched noise produced by an operating propulsion plant can cause hearing loss. Hearing loss can seldom be restored. Ear protection must be worn in all areas where the sound level is 84 decibels (dB) or greater. Warning signs must be posted cautioning about noise hazards that may cause loss of hearing. For further information on health programs, refer to the Naval Occupational Safety and Health Program Manual, OPNAVINST 5100.19(series), and OPNAVINST 5100.23(series).

SUMMARY In this chapter, we have discussed the Engineman rating and the different methods you can use to obtain the knowledge you must have to perform your job aboard ship. Remember, information is usually available when you need it. You just have to know where to look. This chapter serves as a guide to help you locate and use the information that you will be required to know for advancement in the Engineman rating.

End of Chapter 1

Introduction to the Enginemen Rating

Review Questions 1-1. Where can you find the skills required of an Engineman?

A. NAVPERS 20024 B. NAVPERS 18068F(series) C. NAVPERS 15005 D. NAVPERS 18087

1-2. What is the key factor in technical leadership?

A. Knowledge B. Leadership C. Experience D. Integrity

1-3. On repair tenders ENs work in all of the following work centers, except?

A. Engine Overhaul B. Governor Overhaul C. Fuel Injector Shop D. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration

1-4. Which of the following is a description of the Engineman rating?

A. A general rating in the engineering group B. A specific rating that covers a narrow occupational field of duties and functions C. A service rating within the Machinist’s Mate rating D. A special rating held by those who operate only one kind of engine

1-5. ENs must perform all the following technical duties for advancement in rank, except?

A. Conduct routine test and inspection on equipment B. Operate and maintain internal combustion engines C. Charge air conditioning plants D. Perform overhaul and repair work on internal combustion engines

1-6. When does the Engineering Duty Officer assume the watch?

A. Underway B. Sea and anchor C. Coming along side of another ship D. In port

1-7. What Engineering Watches are being stood when the ship is in the shipyard?

A. Cold-Iron Watch B. Non-Operational Watch C. Out of Commission Watch D. Ship Yard Watch

1-8. Where can you find information about the Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) Codes?

A. OPNAVINST 5100.19 B. NAVPERS 18086 C. NAVEDTRA 10045 D. NAVPERS 18068F(series)

1-9. Which of the following authorities details personnel with special NECs?

A. Chief of Naval Personnel B. Chief of Naval Support Systems C. Chief of Naval Operations D. Naval Weapons Command

1-10. Where at your command can you find the complete package of information on NECs and

qualification procedures?

A. Engineering Log Room B. Technical Library C. Career Counsel D. Personnel Office

1-11. Who must sign the Engineering log and the Engineering Bell Book prior to being relieved of

watch?

A. Officer of the Deck B. Engineering Officer of the Watch C. Engineering Duty Officer D. Messenger of the Watch

1-12. Which of the following publications contains the occupational standards?

A. BUPERS 18068 B. NAVEDTRA 18068 C. NAVPERS 14104 D. NAVPERS 18068F(series)

1-13. Which pay grades are covered under Section I in NAVPERS 18068F(series)?

A. E7 through E-9 B. Officers C. All pay grades D. Warrant Officers

1-14. What publication lists the requirements for rate training manuals and other reference material to be used by personnel for advancement?

A. Advancement Progress Cards B. Bibliography for Advancement Examination Study NAVEDTRA 10052 C. Rate Training Manual D. Navy Technical Manual

1-15. What can you reference to find the most up-to-date training manual for advancement?

A. NAVEDTRA 10052 B. NAVEDTRA 12061 C. NAVPER 10068 D. NAVPER 10086

1-16. How often are changes made to Naval Ship’s Technical Manuals?

A. Monthly B. Quarterly C. Yearly D. Every 2 years

1-17. Which courses listed in the Bibliography for Advancement for your rating must you complete to

be eligible to take the advancement examination?

A. Only the course that that have letters after the chapter numbers B. All courses listed for the engineering and hull group C. All courses listed for the next higher pay grade D. Courses marked with an asterisk for the next higher pay grade

1-18. What is the purpose of the Planned Maintenance System?

A. Increase the compatibility in the maintenance process B. Keep maintenance actions general C. Forecast and plan manpower and material requirements D. Leave maintenance in the hands of the users

1-19. What is the OPNAVINST 4790.4?

A. Basic Military Requirements B. Ship’s Maintenance and Material Management (3M) Manual C. Naval Occupational Safety and Health Program Manual D. NAVSEA Publications

1-20. What is the one necessary step in a progressing Planned Maintenance Program?

A. Leadership B. Planning C. Material D. Training

1-21. Where are warning signs posted for noise hazards?

A. In the area of noise hazard B. Mess decks C. General living area D. Quarterdeck area

1-22. Which of the following can somewhat help control heat stress in an engine room?

A. Hot water leaks are corrected B. Lagging and insulation is not hanging in its proper place C. Keeping Ventilation off D. Steam leaks to the bilge

1-23. Hearing protection must be worn where the noise level is above what maximum number of

decibels?

A. 55 dB B. 65 dB C. 78 dB D. 84 dB

RATE TRAINING MANUAL – User Update SWOS makes every effort to keep their manuals up-to-date and free of technical errors. We appreciate your help in this process. If you have an idea for improving this manual, or if you find an error, a typographical mistake, or an inaccuracy in SWOS manuals, please write or e-mail us, using this form or a photocopy. Be sure to include the exact chapter number, topic, detailed description, and correction, if applicable. Your input will be brought to the attention of the Technical Review Committee. Thank you for your assistance. Write: SWOS Project Manager 1534 Piersey Street Suite 321

Norfolk, VA 23511-2613 COMM: (757) 444-5332 DSN: 564-5332

E-mail: Refer to the Engineman Rating page under SWOS on the NKO Web page for current contact information.

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