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Chapter 1Overview
The Foundation for Your Future
Computer Components & Networks, 2002
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 2 CCI
Overview• Computer literate and computer
competent• Information systems• Hardware• Software
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 3 CCI
Overview (continued)
• Computer systems• Computer development• Connectivity, Interactivity,
Digital convergence
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 5 CCI
Computer Literate vs. Competent
• Computer literacy– understanding what a computer is and what
it can do• Computer competency
– using skills to meet information needs and improve productivity
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 6 CCI
Competency
• Skill mastery covered:– terms– functions– uses
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 7 CCI
Computer Information Systems
• Hardware• Software• Data and information• People• Procedures• Communications
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 13 CCI
Architecture of Computer
• Von Neumann• “Computer” definition
A device: – Accepts Input– Processes Data– Stores Data– Produces Data
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 14 CCI
Computer Hardware
• An introduction video• 5 categories
– input– processing and
memory– output– storage– Communications
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 15 CCI
Input
• Keyboard• Mouse• Scanner• Microphone
Accept data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 16 CCI
Processing and Memory
• Motherboard• CPU• Memory
– many types of RAM
System Unit: the electronic circuitry that does the actual processing and, except in large computers, the memory that supports processing.
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 17 CCI
Output Hardware
• Hardcopy output– graphics– letters
• Softcopy output– monitor– audio
• music from MP3 for example
Provide the user with the means to view and use information produced by the computer system
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 18 CCI
Secondary Storage Hardware
• Permanent or nonvolatile– data is not lost when the power is turned off – easy to retrieve when needed for processing– magnetic disks: hard drives, floppy disks– optical storage (optical disks)– tape
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 19 CCI
Communications Hardware
• Facilitate networks– modems– hubs and other components of a network
Animation:Animation:
The procedure of computer The procedure of computer implementation a taskimplementation a task
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 20 CCI
Computer Software
• System software– communication with hardware– resource management– facilitates communication among application
programs
Software: a set of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a particular task.
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 21 CCI
Computer Software (Cont’)
• Applications software– benefits or assists the user
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 22 CCI
Types of Computers
• Supercomputer• Mainframe computers• Workstations• Microcomputers
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 23 CCI
Types of Computers (cont’)• Microcontrollers
– embedded or dedicated computers: from calculators to automobiles
• Server– network– Web
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 24 CCI
Supercomputer• The fastest and highest-capacity computers
– Worldwide weather forecasting– Nuclear weapons systems– Predictions of spreads of epidemics– Mathematical research
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 25 CCI
Computer Generations• First (1944 to1958)
– ENIAC and UNIVAC– http://www.seas.upenn.edu/ ~museum/hist-overview.html
• Second (1959 to1963)– IBM 1401 with 1402 card read/punch
• Third generation (1964 to 1970)– DEC PDP-8– Data General NOVA– IBM 360
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 26 CCI
Computer Generations (continued)
• Fourth generation (1971 to now)– dominated by the LSI (large-scale integrated
circuits) and the VLSI (very-large-scale integrated circuits)
– word processing, spreadsheets, database, and graphic programs became readily available
– Cray-1 supercomputer– DEC VAX 11/780
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 29 CCI
Connectivity• Connecting devices for communication
• voice, data, multimedia– foundation for information age
• E-mail– send and receive messages over a local area
network or a large network, including the Internet
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 30 CCI
Connectivity (continued)
• Databases– for research and job prospects
• Telecommuting– Working at home or on the road– Communicating with the office through phone,
fax, and/or computer• On-line shopping and E-commerce
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 31 CCI
Databases
• Electronically stored data• Reference and other libraries of
information databases are extensive through connectivity, both specialized and generalized on the Internet
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 32 CCI
Online Services• America Online (AOL)• Microsoft Network (MSN)• CompuServe interactive services
(CompuServe)• Prodigy Internet (Prodigy)
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 33 CCI
Portals and the World Wide Web
• Online service providers– Often customize setup disks or CDs to show
their home page as the first page– Hence, the term portal, the entry way to the
Internet
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 34 CCI
Browsers
• Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator– two dominant Web browsers– also serve as portals through their home page
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 35 CCI
Interactivity
• Ability to respond immediately and modify processes
• Includes multimedia– text, graphics, animation, video,
music, voice
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 36 CCI
Interactive Devices
• Multimedia computers• Internet appliances
– TV set-top control boxes, also called smart boxes
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 37 CCI
Digital Convergence
• Merger of devices, media, and services– computers– communications– consumer electronics– entertainment– mass media
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 38 CCI
Technological Convergence
• Communications– same information gained in potentially multiple
ways• satellite• films• recordings• radio• telephones• television
Ch 1 Computer Components & Networks,2002 39 CCI
Exercise
• P1.33~34 Self-exercises• P1.34 In your own words 2,4,6,7,10• Preparation
– The recently launched CPU products– The performance feature