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Chapter 1:

Pre-History and Pre-

Historic Art in Europe

Prepared by: Dela Cruz, Maria Lawrence M.

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Paleolithic Period

Divided into three-phases: The Upper Paleolithic period, Middle-Paleolithic period

and Lower Paleolithic Period.

People used arts for them to communicate.

They used stones to build their tools for their everyday living.

Auk

Cosquer Cave, Cap Morgiou,

France 16,500 BCE

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Reconstruction Drawing of Mammoth Bone House

Ukrain 16,000-10,000 BCE

They used the bones of mammoths for their houses.

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Lion Human

Hohlenstein, Stadel, Germany

30,000-26,000 BCE

Woman from Willendurf

22,000-21,000 BCE

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Woman From Ostrava, Petrkovice

Czech Republic 23,000 BCE

Woman from Brassempouy

Grotte Du Pape, Brassempouy, Landes, France 22,000-10,000 BCE

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Pregnant Woman and Deer

Laugerie-Basse, France 14,000-10,000 BCE

Spotted Horse and Human Hands

Pech-Merle Cave, Dordogne, France 16,000 BCE

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Cave Art

Cave art are on cave walls and ceilings, especially those of prehistoric origin. The

earliest such rock art in Europe dates back to the Aurignacan period, approximately

40,000 years ago, and is found in the El Castillo cave in Cantabria, Spain.

Bison on the ceiling

Altamira, Spain 12,000 BCE

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Plan of Lascaux Cave

Dordogne, France

Hall of Bulls

Lascaux Cave 15,000-13,000 BCE

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Bird Headed Man with Bison and Rhinoceros

Lascaux Cave

Bison

Le Tuc d Audoubert, Ariege, France 13,000 BCE

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Portable Art

Portable art (sometimes called mobiliary art) refers to the small examples

of Prehistoric art that could be carried from place to place, typically made during

the Upper Paleolithic.

Ibex-headed Spear Thrower

Le Mas d Azil, Ariege, France

16,000-13,000 BCE

Lamp with Ibex Design

La Mouthe Cave, Dordogne,

France 15,000-13,000 BCE

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Neolithic Period

They started to raise animals and plants.

Known as the new Stone

Rock-shelter Art

Rock art is an archaeological term used to refer to human-made markings placed

on natural stone. A global phenomenon, rock art is found in many different

regions of the world, having been produced in many different contexts throughout

human history, although the majority of rock art that has been ethnographically

recorded has been produced as a part of ritual.

Women and Animals

Cogul, Lerida, Spain 4,000-2,000 BCE

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Radiometric Dating

Radiometric dating a method for determining the age of an object based on the

concentration of a particular radioactive isotope contained within it.

Plan, Village of Skara Brae

Skara Brae

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Corbelling

Corbellingan overlapping arrangement of bricks or stones in which eachcourse extends farther out from the vertical of the wall than the course below.

House Interior, Skara Brae

Skara,Brae

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Dolmen and Cairn

A dolmen, also known as a portal tomb, portal grave, or quoit, is a type of

single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of three or more upright

stones supporting a large flat horizontal capstone (table).

Cairn is a term used for a man-made pile (or stack) of stones. Cairns are found

all over the world in uplands, on moorland, on mountaintops, near waterways and

on sea cliffs, and also in barren desert and tundra areas.

Tomb Interior with corbelling and engraved stones

New grange, Ireland

3,000-2,500 BCE

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Menhir and Cromlechs

Menhir is an upright standing stone. Menhirs may be found singly

as monoliths, or as part of a group of similar stones.

Cromlech is prehistoric megalithic structures, where crom means "bent" or

"curved" and llech means "slab" or "flagstone".

Menhir alignments at Menec

Menec, Carnac, France

4,250-3,750 BCE

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Stonehenge

Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England 2,750-1,500 BCE

Menhir Statue of a Woman

Montagnac, France 2,000 BCE

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Man and Woman from Cernavoda

Cernavoda, Romania 4,000-3500 BCE

Vessels from Denmark

Denmark 3000-2000 BCE

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Bronze Age

They started using metals for their everyday tools.

Niello

Niello is a black mixture ofcopper, silver, and lead sulphides, used as

an inlay on engraved or etched metal. It can be used for filling in designs cut from

metal.

Horse and Sun Chariot

Trundholm, Zealand, Denmark

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper

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