CHAPTER 1 Review of Malaysia Industry

8/3/2019 CHAPTER 1 Review of Malaysia Industry

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Arman AbdullahUNIVERSITI MALAYSIA

PAHANG

Gas Transmission &

Distribution


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UMP

Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering

Transmission pipeline pipeline installed for the purposed of transmitting

gas from a source or source of supply to one or more distribution centers or

to one ore more large volume customer

Distribution pipeline- pipeline installed for one or more customer/ branch ofthe transmission pipeline

Service line pipeline installed only for one customer/ branch of the

distribution pipeline

Operating company the individual, cooperation , public agency or otherentity that operate the gas transmission & distribution pipeline i.e Petronas

Gas Bhd, Gas Malaysia S/B & Sabah Energy S/B.

Right-of way land owned by the operating company due to the gas

pipeline.

General Terms


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Worlds from the WiseUMP


There is no easy road to learning and success. Your

future and your successful live depend on the work and

effort that you do.


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Gas Transmission Pipeline (PGU)


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Schematic for Transmission &

Distribution

UMP


Telaga

Gas

Kepala

Telaga

GPP 'City Gate' Stesyen

Serbis

Stesyen

Serbis

Stesyen

Serbis

Stesyen

Pemampat

Stesyen

Daerah Stesyen

Kawasan

Pengguna

Industri

Pengguna

Domestik

Pengguna

Domestik

Sistem

Penghantaran

Sistem

Pengagihan

Catatan : GPP = Logi Pemprosesan Gas


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NAT. GAS DISTRIBUTION / RETICULATION SYSTEM

Service Station

DS

EquipmentAppliances

EquipmentAppliances

Single

Development

City

Gate

Odoriser

District

Station

M

M

M

Feeder Line

260

psig

Internal Piping

> 20 psig

Distribution

Line60 psig

Internal Piping

300

mmH20

M

M

Service Station

Service Station

MInternal Piping

Area Station

Regulating Station

MInternal Piping

M

M

20 psig

3000

mmH20

Meter

Multiple End users

Internal Piping

3000mmH20

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL

T

n

s

m

e


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Materials & Components for Pipeline

Steel Pipe

Manufacturing process

Steel pipes available in the market normally classified by

manufacturing process:

Producing have their own standard specification i.e ASTM, BS, JIS

DIN, API etc.

Commonly used in petroleum industry are API and ASTM

1. Electric Resistance Welded Pipe (ERW)

this pipe is produced in individual length or in continuous lengths

from coiled

having a longitudinal butt joint

typical spec : ASTMA53 , ASTMA135 etc


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2. ERW Electric Fusion Welded pipe

Having a longitudinal butt joint performed tube by manual

or automatic electric arc welding

the weld may be single or double and may be made with orwithout use of filler metal

Typical application are: ASTM A134, ASTM A139, ASTM

A671

Spiral welded pipe also made by the electricfusion welded

process with either a butt joint, a lap joint or a lock seamjoint

Typical spec: ASME A134, ASTM A139API 5LS


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3. Seamless pipe

this is a wrought tubular product made without a welded

seam.

it is manufactured by hot working steel or if necessarycold finishing

the commonly and widely use pipe due the good quality

and easy to joint and able to use in HDD

the price is high due to the cost of manufacturing

typical spec: API 5L, API 5LX, ASTM A53, ASTM A106


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Steel Piping System Design Requirements

In Design of any piping System the following basic criteria must be

full filled:

i) The piping system should have sufficient life time at internal and

external load i.e 20 years or30 years of operations.

ii) Materials should be strong enough to be handled i.e carbon steel,

GI pipe, stainless steel, Plastic pipe etc, steel pipe calculate by the

carbon content

iii) In case of failures damage should be limited

-reliability of the pipe materials

iv) Investment as low as possible

- cost of investment i.e stainless steel or copper pipe


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Design Limitation

i) P for furnace butt welded pipe shall not exceed 60 % at the mill test

pressure

ii) P shall not exceed 85 % at the mill test pressure for all other pipes

provided.

iii) Transportation installation or repair of the pipe shall not reduce thewall thickness at any point to a thickness less than 90%

iv) In determining t consideration shall also be given to other loading

such as soil loading, transport and handling loading weight of water

during test.


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Plastic Pipe

Plastic pipe was introduce for gas distribution system more than 30 years

ago.

For low pressure distribution system plastic pipes could offer overall

advantage as compare steel piping i.e:

a) Low investment cost

b) Corrosion resistance

c) Light in weight and easily coiled

d) Easy to joint

e) Reduce installation time

Currently types of plastic that were widely being used for gas is polyethylene

( P.E), polyvinylchloride (PVC) and Polyamide (nylon)

But most popular for Malaysian gas industry is PE


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In years come there will be more new plastic pipe being

introduced to the market as long as it meets the following criteria:

i) Long term strength

ii) Impact strength

iii) Chemical resistance

iv) Temperature resistance

v) Impermeability

vi) Pipe attributes ability to

- Heat fuse for joining

- Coil for ease of handling

- Squeeze off for pressure control

- Flexibility for HDD and bending


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Design of Plastic Piping

Plastic pipe was introduce for gas distribution system more than 30 years

ago.

For low pressure distribution system plastic pipes could offer overall

advantage as compare steel piping i.e:

a) Low investment cost

b) Corrosion resistance

c) Light in weight and easily coiled

d) Easy to joint

e) Reduce installation time

Currently types of plastic that were widely being used for gas is polyethylene

( P.E), polyvinylchloride (PVC) and Polyamide (nylon)

But most popular for Malaysian gas industry is PE


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Design of Plastic piping( ANSI B31.8)

Provision in ANSI B 31.8 are intended to limit the use of plastic piping primary

to mains and services line typical distribution system operating at pressure of

100 psi or less.

Design Formula

The design formula for plastic pipe as follow:

P = t / 2S(D-t) x 0.32

Where :

P = design pressure psig

S= for thermoplastic and tubing long term hydrostatic strength (refer table)

t = specified wall thickness

D = outside diameter


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Thermoplastic Design Limitation

The design pressure shall not exceed 100 psig

Thermoplastic pipe and fitting shall not be used where the operating

temperature of the material will be :

i) Below 20 F

ii) Above the temperature at which the long term hydrostatic strenght usedin the design formula.


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Joint Requirements for Plastic Pipe

Pipe or tubing shall not be threaded

Solvent cement joints adhesive joint and heat fusion joint shall be made in

accordance with qualified procedures which has been established and proven

by test to produce gas tight joint at least as strong as the pipe or tubing being

joint.

There are 3 method of heat jointing that currently are being used for PE

a) Butt fusion

b) Socket fusion

c) Electrofusion

Butt Fusion

The earliest technique know to joint P.E that gives satisfactory performance.

Using the two ends of the pipe to be jointed is heated up using the hot plate

and fused together by applying some pressure.

This technique require skill and commitment operator


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Socket Fusion

The two ends are joint together by a socket made of the same or

compatible material.

The external wall area of the two pipes and the internal wall area

of socket are heated by using specially designed heated tool.

This technique the secondary parameter which are necessary to

make good joint could be controlled to a certain extent.

Required a good roundness of pipe and precision alignment to

get a good result.


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Electrofusion

Work on the principles of heating coil welding or fusion.

Single heating coil is incorporated in the interior of the socket

with the ends passing through the wall of the socket for connect to

the welding machine.

When the electric current is applied heat is generated in the coil

which being directly adjacent to the contact surface of the fitting

and pipe.

This results in the fitting being reliably and permanently welded to

the pipe in the shortest possible time.

The heating coil is permanently embedded in the P.E material to

provided additional strength against the effect of internal pressure.

Electrofusion eliminates greatly the need of skillfull and dedicated

welders to get the joint.


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Standard Dimension Ratio SDR

The Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR) system enables the user to select a

number of different sizes of pipe for piping system all of which will have the

same design pressure.

When plastic material of the same design strengths are used, the same SDR

may be used for all sizes of pipes instead of calculating a value of t for each

size.SDR = Average specified outside diameter

Minimum specified wall thickness

Hence

Substituting SD

R to plastic pipe design formula as per ANSI B31.8

P = t / 2S (SDRt t) x 0.32

= 2S x 0.32 / (SDR-1)


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CHAPTER 1 Review of Malaysia Industry

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